Principles of a+p 1112 session 1 - skeletal system

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology in SportSession 1

Introduction to Unit

• The aim of this unit is to explore the structure and function of the skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular and respiratory systems and also to learn the fundamentals of the energy systems.

Learning Outcomes

On completion of this unit a learner should:

1. Know the structure and function of the skeletal system

2. Know the structure and function of the muscular system

3. Know the structure and function of the cardiovascular system

4. Know the structure and function of the respiratory system

5. Know the different types of energy systems.

Grade Criteria

• Pass 1-7

• Merit 1-4

• Distinction 1 & 2

• Details on Edexcel website

Aim

• To complete assignment 1

Objectives

• To be able to identify all major bones of the axial/appendicular skeleton

• To be able to identify sections of the vertebral column and the corresponding vertebrae

numbers

The Skeletal System

• The 206 bones of your body protect and support your organs and allow movement

• Bones are living, changing structures that require adequate calcium and weight-bearing exercise to build and maintain their density and strength

• Bones are joined together by different types of joints e.g. fixed joints (as in the skull), hinged joints (knee), and ball-and-socket joints (as in the shoulders and hips).

Activity 1• Working in pairs, write

down all the bones of the body on the ‘post-its’ and stick on your partner

Major Bones of the Skeleton• Anterior view

08:Sacrum 10:Ulna 07:Ribs 06:Sternum 09:Radius 11:Carpals 03:Clavical 01:Skull 13:Femur 14:Patella 17:Tarsals 04:Humerus 12:Metacarpals 18:Phalanges 15:Tibia 16:Fibula 02: C Spine 05: Pelvis (Metatarsals – in foot bet’ tarsals & phalanges)

The Skeleton

Axial/Appendicular Skeleton

The skeleton is divided into two; the axial and appendicular skeletons

Axial Skeleton

• Forms the main axis or core of the skeletal system

• Comprises of– Vertebral column (spine)– Cranium (skull)– Thoracic (rib cage)

Appendicular Skeleton

• Appendicular skeleton

• Forms the appendages of the limbs

• Comprises of the shoulder girdle & the pelvic girdle– Clavicle (collar bone)– Scapula (shoulder blade)– Arms – Pelvic bone– Legs

Vertebral Column • Also called the spine, used for posture,

movement, stability & protection.

• Strong and flexible structure and one of its primary roles is to protect the spinal cord since any damage can cause considerable problems

• Made up of 33 (7,12,5,5,4) bones, some allow for movement at the joints where the bones fit together, some allow for no movement at all

• Discs are between these joints and act as shock absorbers

Cervical Vertebrae (7): Support the head, allowing it to bend and twist.

Thoracic Vertebrae (12): The ribs are connected to these - there is very little movement.

Lumbar Vertebrae (5): These are big and allow powerful twisting and bending of the back. Main absorber of impact

Sacrum Vertebrae (5): These form one solid mass which is fused to the pelvis.

Coccyx Vertebrae (4): These are the remains of our tail.

The Vertebral Column The Vertebral Column

Vertebral Column

Category

Number of

Vertebrae

Movement

Cervical 7 Yes

Thoracic 12 Limited, creates a stable structure for organs

Lumbar 5 2 lumbar vertebrae are moveable, 3 are fused

Sacrum 5 Fused, no movement

Coccyx 4 Fused, no movement

Summary

• Major bones of the body

• Axial/Appendicular skeleton

• Vertebral column - sections

Objectives

• To be able to identify all major bones of the axial/appendicular skeleton

• To be able to identify sections of the vertebral column and the corresponding vertebrae numbers

Next Session

• Functions of skeletal system

• Bone structure