Principles of a+p 1112 session 6 - joints (function)

Principles of Anatomy and Physiology in Sport

Session 6Joints

Re-Cap Last Session

• Classification of joints

• Structure of synovial joint

• Examples of each classification of joint

Aim

• To complete assignment 1

Objectives

• To be able to identify main types of joints in the body

• To be able to describe joint structures

• To be able to link specific joints to specific movements

Types of Joint

There are 6 types freely moveable joints;

• Ball and socket• Hinge• Pivot• Gliding• Saddle• Condyloid (a.k.a Ellipsoid/Illipsoid)

Ball and Socket joints are the most moveable joints in the body.

1. Ball and Socket Joints1. Ball and Socket Joints

They can move in all directions, e.g. the hip and shoulder joints.

A Ball and Socket JointA Ball and Socket Joint

Drag the labels to the correct place on the ball and socket joint...

Hinge joints work like a hinge on a door.

2. Hinge Joints2. Hinge Joints

They can only move in two directions, e.g. the knee and elbow joints.

This joint only allows rotation,e.g. the vertebrae of the neck.

3. Pivot Joints3. Pivot Joints

There is a little movement in all directions, e.g. the hand between the carpals.

4. Gliding Joints4. Gliding Joints

In these joints there is movement forwards, backwards and to the right and left, but no rotation, e.g. the thumb.

5. Saddle Joints5. Saddle Joints

Here there is a little movement in all directions, but there is no rotation, e.g. the wrist.

6. Condyloid Joints6. Condyloid Joints

Movement at JointsMovement at Joints

Move the cursor over each type of joint to find out more...

Different types of synovial joints allow different kinds of movement. There are 6 basic types of movement that can occur at such joints:

1. Extension: Straightening or extending a limb.

2. Flexion: Bending or flexing a limb.

Example: the arm can be extended at the elbow.

Example: the leg can be flexed at the knee.

Types of Movement at Synovial JointsTypes of Movement at Synovial Joints

3. Abduction: Moving a limb away from the centre line of the body.

4. Adduction: Moving a limb towards the centre line of the body.

Example: The leg can be moved away from the centre of the body at the hip.

Example: The arm can be moved towards the centre of the body at the shoulder.

5. Rotation: This is a turning or rotational movement

of a limb or body part.

Example: the head can be rotated at the neck.

6. Circumduction: The ability of a limb to be

moved in circles.

Example: the arm can move in circles at the shoulder.

Move the cursor over each type of movement to find out more...

Types of Movement at Synovial Joints - Summary

Types of Movement at Synovial Joints - Summary

What types of movement are possibleat the following joints?

What types of movement are possibleat the following joints?

Extension Flexion Abduction Adduction Rotation Circumduction

Extension Flexion

Rotation

Ball and Socket Joint:

Hinge Joint: Pivot Joint:

The structure of the human skeleton helps sports people to perform in the following ways:

How does the Skeleton contributeto performance in Sport?

How does the Skeleton contributeto performance in Sport?

Support: Bone is hard which means it

creates a solid supporting framework inside the body.The legs support the body keeping it upright during the physical activity.

Movement: The skeleton is jointed so we can

move. The ability to move in a variety of ways is essential in most sports, e.g. run, sprint, jump, dodge, etc.

At the ‘tip-off’, players will use a dodge to move into space to receive a pass.The skeleton helps in a number of ways:

The legs keep the players upright and tall.

The ankle, knee and hip joints allow them to change speed, direction and to jump - to lose their opponents when dodging, sending or receiving a ball.

The neck supports the head allowing them to look around.

The shoulder, elbow and wrist joints enable the players to reach out and catch the ball.

BasketballBasketball

Summary

• 6 types of joint

• Examples??

• Structure

• Movement allowed

Objectives

• To be able to identify main types of joints in the body

• To be able to describe joint structures

• To be able to link specific joints to specific movements

Next Session

• Practical – Bring P.E Kit!!

• Movement analysis