Transcript
aFamily Poultry development towards the achievement
of the UN Millennium Development Goals
Photo Prof. Dr. Gouranga Ch. Chanda
Antonio Rota
IFAD Senior Technical Adviser
Livestock and Farming Systems
7th International Poultry Show and Seminar
Dhaka, 25-27 March, 2011
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Enabling the rural poorto overcome poverty
International Fund for Agriculture Development - IFAD
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• 860 projects in 117 countries
• Supported 371 million rural poor• Total IFAD disbursement: USD 11,9 billion
• USD 808.4 million in 33 new projects in 2010
IFAD at work
From 1979 to 2009:
a Smallholder farming
500 million smallholder farms worldwide supporting around 2 billion people. They:– Farm 80% of the farmland in
Asia and Africa
– Produce 80% of the food consumed in the developing world
– Feed 1/3 of the global population
– Women are increasingly the farmers of the developing world, producing between 45%and 80% of household food
a Food Security and Production
• The world’s population is projected to grow from 6.8billion to 9.1 billion by 2050
• Agriculture production in the developing countries would need to almost double
a Factors determining rural poverty
Lack of assets, land and water
Lack of access to financial services &
technology
Risk and vulnerability
Lack of political
representation for rural poor
Conflicts and Crises
Inappropriate government
policiesPoor
integration
with local,
regional &
international
markets
Lack of skills and weak
organizations
a Fighting poverty
• Fighting poverty has become a priority
• 189 World Leaderscommitted themselves to address poverty in 2000
• Millennium Development Goals
a Role of livestock
Worldwide there is evidence of a direct linkage between
improvement of livestock
production and poverty
reduction
a Livestock Sector
• The livestock sector is essential to the
livelihoods of about 1 billion of the
world’s poorest people
• It accounts for 30% of the agricultural
GDP in developing countries
• It grows faster than most other
agricultural sub-sectors
(WB, 2009)
aConsumption of livestock products
in developing countries
a Meat production in developing countries
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Poultry, rabbits, guinea pigs, sheep, goats, pigs… are the animals of the poorest. Why?:
– Even landless can keep them (sometime they are their only asset)
– Reproduce fast
– Efficiently transform roughages, shrubs, kitchen waste… into highly valuable food
– Produce manure which is often the only input for crop production
– No need for big starting capitals
– Easily sold or bartered
– Highly mobile in case of crisis/disaster
– Socio-cultural value
Small Livestock (SL)
a Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
• Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
• Achieve universal primary education
• Promote gender equality and empower women
• Reduce child mortality
• Improve maternal health
• Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
• Ensure environmental sustainability
• Develop a global partnership for development
aIFAD Projects with rural poultry
development component
Project with a Rural Poultry
Development component – on
going
Project with a Rural Poultry Development
component – completed
aMDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty
and hunger
• Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than 1 USD a day
• Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people
• Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
TARGET
aSource: World Bank 2009
Living with $ 1.25 a day
a Child malnutrition Source: World Bank 2009
aMDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty
and hunger
Small Livestock:
• Contribute to human nutritionproviding food with high quality macro and micronutrients
• Generate small income and provide the potential to ‘bank’ savings, which enhances the capacity to cope with shocks and reduces economic vulnerability
• In times of crises (i.e. drought, flooding, conflicts), play an important role as ‘mobile’ food asset
aMDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and
hunger (nutrition)
• Poverty leads to a human diet that is lacking in diversity:
– Low in vitamin A, vitamin B-12, riboflavin, calcium, iron and zinc
– Causes anemia, poor growth, rickets, impaired cognitive performance, blindness, neuromuscular deficits, and in the worst cases death.
– Foods of animal origin are particularly rich sources of all six of these nutrients, and relatively small amounts of these foods can improve the quality of the total diet substantially (Murphy and Allen, 2003).
• 40-50% of eggs and poultry produced is self-consumed.
Data from Dr. Frands Dolberg
aPoultry used for poverty alleviation helps increase equity of
consumption of other (animal) products: Bangladesh.
MDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and
hunger (nutrition)
Data from Dr. Frands Dolberg
1.2Grain
3.0Milk
2.0Meat (beef and goat)
1.2Fish
2.4Chicken meat
2.5Eggs
Increase in consumption by factor:Food item
aMDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and
hunger (impact)
Impact of the Village Poultry Programme
Afghanistan:
• Profitability 91.0 %
• Interest to keep Poultry 95.7%
• Family egg consumption 88.9%
• Chicken meat consumption 67.7%
• Egg selling 87.5%
Data from FAO, 2006
aMDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and
hunger (impact)
23-40 USD per monthn.a.Avg. income per month
for Women Poultry
Group Leader
providing services (i.e.
vaccination)
n.a.10-12 USD Avg. income per month
from chicken
144 USD (max. 250 USD)12-13 USD (max. 30 USD)Avg. income per month
from eggs
2410 eggs (max. 2830 eggs)125 eggs (max. 309 eggs)Avg. eggs per year
15.4 hens2.5 hens (max. 5.7 hens)Flock size
Improved PoultryTraditional PoultryAfghanistan
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Comparison of profitability of different rural poultry enterprises
Bangladesh:
8.413.093802.142933.94527.881396.084329.99Poultry Worker
2.432.0820349.6717999.0413606.7415957.3733956.41Mini Hatchery
1.241.1116184.437636.7765130.7373678.2381315.00Model Breeder
5.993.8617529.0416326.834568.215770.4222097.25Key Rearer
1.601.5137947.0934336.8762313.3665923.58100260.45Chick Rearer
BCR
(Cash
Cost)
BCR
(Full
cost)
Gross
margin
Net
Return
Cash
cost
Gross
cost
Gross
Return
Components
(Taka per year)Data from Dr. Meherunnesa Chowdhury Sumy
Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
MDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and
hunger (impact)
BCR: Benefit Cost Ratio
aMDG 2. Achieve universal primary
education
• Inability of families to meet the costs of schooling is often the main reason why children cannot attend school or drop out at an early stage
• Selling SL and their products provides one of the few possibilities for poor households to generate cash income to meet yearly school fees
• Children with access to quality food (proteins and vitamins) have better health and take full advantage of the education they receive
aMDG 3. Promote gender equality and
empower women
• Women are the main caretakers of SL –especially where animals are kept near the house.
• They are often responsible for processing livestock products
• The ownership of SL gives them control over this asset and contributes to their empowerment
• Keeping SL enhances their status/self-esteem at household and community level
• Incremental increases in household income controlled by women have a demonstrated multiplier effect in enhancing family well-being
• The increase of daily burdens by keeping poultry is negligible.
a MDG 4. Reduce child mortality
UN MDG Report 2010
a MDG 4. Reduce child mortality
• The consumption of even small quantities of milk, milk products, meat and eggs is essential for reducing child mortality and improving healthy child development
• Poor households can cover health expenses and purchase medicines with incomes generated from their poultry
• However, the close contact between badly managed chicken and children can result zoonotic diseases
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FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO
REDUCED CHILD MALNUTRITION
(Sixty three countries : 1970-96)
43%
26%
19%
12%
Women's Education
Food Availability
Access to Safe Drinking
Water
Women's Status
Data from IFPRI L.C.Smith, L.Haddad (1999) through Dr. Frands Dolberg
MDG 4. Reduce child mortality
a MDG 5. Improve maternal health
• Consumption of milk, eggs
and occasionally meat
contribute significantly to
the nutritional status of
women
• Income generation from
livestock owned by women
can also help to improve
maternal health
aMDG 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and
other diseases
aMDG 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
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• In HIV/AIDS affected household, young people (orphans) can better handle SL rather than large animals
• Using compatible infrastructures for human and animal health (i.e. cold chain for vaccines) may result in cost savings and better effectiveness
MDG 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
aMDG 7. Ensure environmental
sustainability
• Rural poultry is
environmentally sound
• Rural poultry reduces
insect pest (ticks!)
• Manure from poultry
contributes to increase
vegetable production
aMDG 8. Develop a global partnership
for development
• Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system.
• Address the special needs of the least developed countries
Targets
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Net Export
Net Import
2015: -2,360
2030: -3,520
2015: -2,950
2030: -4,000
2015: -80
2030: -410
2015: 1,770
2030: 2,770
2015: -280
2030: -740
North America
Latin America
Sub-Saharan Africa
European
Union (15)
Transition
Countries
South Asia East
Asia
Oceania
Near East /
North Africa
2015: -1,900
2030: -1,090
Source: FAO 2002
Projected Net Trade In Meat (thousand MTs)
aMDG 8. Develop a global partnership
for development
Specific actions and policiesare required to reduce transaction costs and barriers to market access which presently hamper poor (producers and consumers) to benefit from global livestock trade and growing demand for livestock products
a Conclusions
Double the daily income of USD 1?
Generate employment?
QUESTION: By keeping SMALL LIVESTOCK is it possible
for poor resource persons to:
Improve (child) nutrition?
Contribute empowering women?
Improve (child) health?
� YES
� YES
� YES
� YES
� YES
Ensure environmental sustainability? � YES
Unfortunately without additional efforts, several of the
MDGs are unlikely to be achieved in many countries
aInternational and national institutions, policy and decision makers are still reluctant to support the development of the SL sector
WHAT DO WE NEED TO MAKE A REAL CHANGE?
– Raise the awareness of decision-makers in national governments and donor agencies about the effectiveness of rural poultry as a tool for poverty reduction.
– Effective and consistent national pro-poor policies which are crucial to capitalise on the opportunities offered by the increasing demand for livestock products and poverty-focused agendas of several countries;
– Livestock farmers institutions which can help to voice their needs and facilitate the provision of services and inputs to the farming communities;
– Participatory adaptive research which is needed to identify appropriate technologies/models which are pro-poor, sustainable, economically viable and environmentally sound;
– Adapted Extension and Training for capacity building, especially for women;
– Market led approach by producers supported by effective/accessible/qualitative services (breeding, veterinary services, credit, processing, marketing, extension/training, etc.) and infrastructures;
– Personal commitment from “like minded” people to advocate for pro-poor development to achieve the MDGs through the promotion of the SL sector.
Conclusions
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What IFAD is doing to support rural poultry?
– Promoting rural poultry as an effective tool for poverty
reduction, for food security and gender empowerment.
– Strengthening the International Network for Family Poultry
Development – INFPD
– Funding Investment Projects that improve capacity building
at all level; access to credit and market; bio-safety as a mean for reducing the impact of diseases and public health risks.
– Supporting research and up-scaling of successful models and technologies (i.e. Mini-hatcheries technology).
Conclusions
a Proposed Actions
IFAD is prepared to work together with national/international institutions committed to pro-poor livestock to:
Develop a business-like approach to sensitise national policy, decision makers and donors about the effectiveness of rural poultry development to reduce poverty. This entails:
– Identifying rural poultry development projects, models and approaches (i.e. Bangladesh model developed by the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) and the Government of Bangladesh) that “work” and characterise their key success factors for up-scaling.
– Gathering socio-economic data to demonstrate the return in terms of poverty reduction for each 1 USD invested in poultry production.
– Identifying examples of effective national policies enhancing food security and supporting smallholder poultry farmers business.
– Developing regional/national project proposals for substantial investments in the rural poultry sector in partnership with the private sector.
Thank youAntonio Rota (a.rota@ifad.org)
IFAD, Senior Technical AdviserLivestock and Farming SystemsPolicy and Technical Advisory Division
Via Paolo di Dono 44
00142 Rome, Italy
Tel. +39 06 5459 2680
Fax + 39 06 5459 3680
Please join the Community of Practice for Pro-Poor
Livestock Development
www.cop-ppld.net
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