Transcript
ISCRAM Summer School August 23, 2011
Haiti - Response to the 12 January 2010 earthquake
Life in Haiti – 18 months after
• Disaster risk country profile • National system of risk and
disaster management structure • Main activities and achievement
before January 12, 2010 • Impact on the earthquake • Life in Haiti: 18 months after • Challenges • Conclusion
Presentation Plan
GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued
support of our partners: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, UN
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank.
Disaster Risk Country Profile
A country prone to several hazards • The country has the 5th highest mortality risk to two or
more hazards (Hotspots Study, 2005) • 96% of its population is living at risk, Haiti has the highest
vulnerability rating in terms of cyclones among the region’s small island states (12.9 on a scale of 13)
• One of the 10 climate change global hotspots according to the Climate Investment Fund’s Expert Group
Some drivers of vulnerability • Environmental degradation (2% forest coverage) • High levels of poverty (77% of the Haitian population live
on less than 2$/day and 52% live on less than 1$/day) • High population density (up to 40,000 km2 in Port-au-
Prince) coupled with the large number of informal structures
HAITI: hazards
Heavy rain
Inundation
Hurricane
Earthquake
Land slide
Tsunami
Drought
Erosion
Inundations
Inundation scenarios : Léogane
Haiti: On Hurricane Path
6/18/2010 6/18/2010
Land Movements
Carries 2009 : mudslide
Peligre : Land slide
6/18/2010 6/18/2010
Possibility of soil liquefaction
Liquéfaction – Port of Port de Port-au-Prince
Tsunamie – Haiti
6/18/2010 6/18/2010
GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued
support of our partners: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, UN
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank.
Disaster Risk Management framework
Haiti National Disaster Risk Management System • Haiti National Disaster Risk Management System is
headed by the National Risk and Disaster Management Committee, led by the Prime Minister (Minister of interior by Prime Minister delegation), composed of 10 line Ministers and the President of the Haitian Red Cross
• Operational arms: Directorate for Civil Protection (DPC) and Permanent Secretariat for Risk and Disaster Management (SPGRD)
• Emphasis on decentralization and strengthening of local capacities: a network of DRM committees in each of the 10 departments; and in more than 120 of the 140 municipalities
COMITÉ NATIONAL DE GRD
Présidé par Le Premier Ministre/ Ministre de
l’Intérieur Secrétariat Exécutif :
DPC
Gestion des Risques
Gestion des Désastres
SECRETARIAT PERMANENT
DE GESTION DES RISQUES
ET DES DÉSASTRES
Comités thématiques
Comités institutionnels /
sectoriels
Centre d’opérations
d’urgence (COU)
Coordination générale : DPC
Groupe d’appui de la
Société Civile
Groupe d’Appui de la Coopération
Internationale
Comités Départementaux
Comités Communaux et Locaux
Disaster & Risk Management Axes of interventions
The plan of actions in country is developed according to the following axes : •Disaster response – Decentralization and strengthening of national and local capacities : Disaster preparedness, recovery, and reconstruction at all levels
•Disaster Risk reduction: Towards a culture of safety and resilience - Reducing the underlying risk factors
Vulnerability reduction Local capacity
GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued
support of our partners: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, UN
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank.
Forces and Weaknesses
Forces • Availability of dedicated
staff • Departmental and
communal coverage (decentralized committees)
• Trained members in affected area
• Capacity to mobilize resources from support projects
• Alert • Search and rescue teams (?)
Weaknesses • Almost no functional EOC • Lack of material resources /
infrastructures • Lack of high qualify human
resources • Immaturity of new communal
committees – no committees in some communes
• Delay to get appropriate information for actions
• Lack of scientific knowledge of events
EOC Nippes Departmental level
Disaster & Risk Management Main activities before January 12,
2010 “International support group”
The international support group is lead by UNDP. It’s plan of actions was developed in association of the national system and it’s part of the national one.
On daily basis, at central level, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA ) play an interface /facilitator role between national and international bodies.
At regional level, depend on the representation on ground, the UN system and MINUSTHA are fully included in departmental or sometime communal committees.
Joint National simulation exercises – joint contingency plan
Currently UNDP – OCHA were supporting the system development
Disaster & Risk Management Main activities before January 12,
2010
Considering its proved capacities in reducing lost of life in case of disasters, taking in consideration the lessons learned after the 4 hurricanes in 2008, the National System of risk and disaster management was working toward its decentralization (geographical coverage of communal and locals committees) : new committees and in reinforcement of existing ones.
•Continuing effort to communities awareness;
•Improvement of early warning systems – evacuation plans;
•Planning of 2010 hurricane season contingency plan was initiated …
GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued
support of our partners: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, UN
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank.
Some facts
• Most affected cities by the seism: Port-au-Prince metropolitan area, Gressier, Leogane, Grand Goave, Petit Goave, Cabaret, Jacmel
• Port-au-Prince area: 65% of economic activities – 85% of taxes entrees
• Jacmel: Tourism and craft pole
• Estimation of lost: around 8 milliards of US dollars
Impact on infrastructures
• Around 105 000 houses were totally destroyed • More than 208 000 houses were severely damage • More than 4000 schools and some university
compounds were affected • More than 50 hospitals and health center collapse or
were severely affected • The main sea port are inoperative and the main
international airport building is severely affected and can not be use.
• The National Palace, the Parliament, the Justice Palace and most of the Minister Offices and other administrative buildings are destroyed.
60 percent of government,
administrative and
economic infrastructure has
been destroyed
Governmental Structures
Office of the President
Office of the Prime Minister
Ministries
Agriculture, Natural Resources and Rural Development Trade Culture and Communications Economics and Finances Environment Foreign Affairs and Religions Haitians Living Abroad Interior and Territorial collectivities Justice and Public safety National Education and Professional Training Planning and External Cooperation Public Health and Population Public Works, Transportation and Communications Social Affairs and Labor Tourism Women’s Conditions and women Rights Youth and Sports
National Palace Before After
Court of Justice Palace
Legislative Palace
Before
• After
Ministries Palace: Health, Public Work,
Interior, finances, Planning
Sea Port of Port-au-Prince
The State University School of Nursing
Institution du Sacre Coeur
College Catts Pressoir
• Chemistry lab before • after
Cathedral of Port-au-Prince
• Before
• After
Villa Manrese
• Before
After
Hotel Montana • Reports say that at the
time of the earthquake 300 people were inside but only 100 made it out alive after the building collapsed.
Hotel Villa Creole
HUEH: Main university hospital
Economic sector Grand Rue : Main commercial street
Residential and offices areas
Impact on Human
Thoursand died
Million was injured
Spontaneous Camps
Psychological impact
Aftershock reaction: Jesus! Jesus!
•
Movements of population after the eartquake
235.000 left the affected areas by buses
Responses to the needs
6
First 24 hours : Local response
Search and rescue
15 days after Boy- College St Gerard, PaP
Humanitarian response
Mass arrival of missions & NGO from lot of
countries
10
Multiplication of clusters Heath services Drug and medical supplies logistics Mobile clinic Epidemiological surveillance Hygiene and environment Rehabilitation Mental Heath Vaccination
Mapping
Medical supply
Health responses
HUEH – Many flags
TB tent
Pediatric Unit
Pediatric ICU
Line of patients waiting to enter the hospital HUEH
Sleeping quarters at Quesqueya earthquake relief center
Food distribution
Water distribution
Portable pottie’s provided at various tent cities in all public parks
Dommages et pertes
6
Estimation des besoins
7
Life today Need for continuation of efforts
Old and New vulnerable groups
• Populations in camps • Women in reproductive ages • Pregnant women • Children : 0 to 5 • Amputates / people with reduction
of capacities • People mentally affected
17
Many amputations
Secondary to earthquake injuries.
Patients are trying to return to
Some sense of normality
s
Potential risk
Tones of debrits
Some lessons learn from the Earthquake response
• The country structures have to be reinforced :
They are the first responders
• In case of big emergencies, Government tend to intervene directly on the response. Special training has to be made for Government members
• Lost of working place has a big negative effect on mobilization and coordination activities in immediate post disaster
• Agencies on ground need to be on the spots. That has to be consider in the response communication plan.
Some lessons learn from the Earthquake response
• Some agency interventions are made
regardless to the national plan of action. Need to reinforce: • implication of all key actors in development
of plan; • Plan promotion; • and to have regular simulation exercises.
• Multiplication of cluster make very difficult coordination of activities.
• Countries has to be more strict on allowing entry of goods, volunteers… even when needs are urge. Early identification of needs and information sharing can decrease the amount of needless or not appropriate donation or efforts.
Today the country needs, in addition to the strengthening of entities of
SNGRD working both in the responses to disasters and risk
reduction, top scientific structures able to follow the risk factors and
guide decisions making.
GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued
support of our partners: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, UN
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank.
After January 12
Efforts are being initiated. •Strengthening the civil protection structures at all levels: EOC building, donation of means of intervention, training, staffing, extension of early warning systems… • Strategies revision (taken in account of the multiple hazards) • Follow up of risk factors - reinforcements of National de Meteorological center • Constitution and management of data base – quality control of information • Increased capacity of having geological and seismic information • Studies aimed to implement scientific entities •Development of normative tools such as building construction code • Strengthening of education and public awareness
Capacity building
Training - decentralization
Search and rescue teams
Thematic committees
TC Building code
Thematic committees
Public awareness Flight against Cholera
8th Consultative Group Meeting, May 17, 2010
Re localization
Evacuation plan
National EOC
Infrastructure development
Plan de reconstruction de Port-au-Prince
3,3 milliards de dollars sur une
période de 5 ans.
GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued
support of our partners: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, UN
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank.
Conclusion
Efforts are being initiated…
Much remains to be done in building
resilience.
We must make “Vulnerability reduction a base of economical development" of the country. (SE, Prime Minister Jean - Max Bellerive - may 2009)
In HAITI today…CAN WE TAKE ON THIS CHALLENGE !!!
Yes We Can: one step at the time
We have to without any delay to implement a comprehensible plan of
actions with the support of our partners
UN support and all partners were very appreciated by the Haitian Government and the different structures of the National system. There contribution to the earthquake response were remarkable even in a background of lack of coordination. In addition of there material contribution, we have to highlight the availability and the technical capacity of some members on ground.
Thanks for your attention
Q/A
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