Prenatal Development. Sperm: The male sex cell Ovum: The female sex cell.

Prenatal Prenatal DevelopmentDevelopment

Sperm:Sperm: The male sex cell The male sex cell

Ovum:Ovum: The female sex cell The female sex cell

ConceptionConception

The union of an The union of an ovum (egg) and a ovum (egg) and a sperm, resulting in sperm, resulting in the beginning of the beginning of pregnancy.pregnancy.

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Ovary:Ovary: Releases the eggReleases the egg

Fallopian Tubes:Fallopian Tubes: Where conception usually Where conception usually

takes placetakes place

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Where does conception Where does conception usually take place?usually take place?

In the fallopian tubesIn the fallopian tubes

Where does the fertilized Where does the fertilized egg implant?egg implant?

In the uterus.In the uterus.

Vagina:Vagina:

The opening to the reproductive organsThe opening to the reproductive organs Passageway through which menstrual flow leaves the bodyPassageway through which menstrual flow leaves the body

Pap Smear:Pap Smear:

Test for Test for cervical cancercervical cancer

ObstetricianObstetrician

A doctor that A doctor that specializes in the specializes in the care of pregnant care of pregnant women.women.

Prenatal PeriodPrenatal Period

The time from The time from conception to birthconception to birth

The First The First Trimester of Trimester of PregnancyPregnancy

Most miscarriages Most miscarriages are likely to are likely to occur at this occur at this

timetime

MiscarriageMiscarriage The natural ending of The natural ending of

a pregnancy before a pregnancy before the fetus could the fetus could survive.survive.

StillbirthStillbirth

The natural ending of a pregnancy after 20 The natural ending of a pregnancy after 20 weeks weeks this happens by accident and is not the fault of this happens by accident and is not the fault of

the father or motherthe father or mother

(Tubal (Tubal Pregnancy)Pregnancy)

When a When a fertilized egg fertilized egg implants in implants in the fallopian the fallopian tubes.tubes.

Ectopic PregnancyEctopic Pregnancy

EmbryoEmbryo

The developing The developing cluster of cells cluster of cells from the third to from the third to the eighth week of the eighth week of pregnancy.pregnancy.

What is a What is a congenital problemcongenital problem? ?

a physical or biochemical problem in a baby that a physical or biochemical problem in a baby that is present at birth.is present at birth.

• Down SyndromeDown Syndrome

• Cleft LipCleft Lip

• Muscular DystrophyMuscular Dystrophy

• Cerebral PalsyCerebral Palsy

What causes congenital problems?What causes congenital problems?

Environmental causesEnvironmental causes nutritional balance of mother’s dietnutritional balance of mother’s diet any disease or infections the mother may any disease or infections the mother may

have during pregnancyhave during pregnancy harmful substancesharmful substances outside hazards (radiation)outside hazards (radiation)

HeredityHeredity

Errors in chromosomesErrors in chromosomes

Fetal Alcohol Fetal Alcohol SyndromeSyndrome 3/1,000 babies have FAS3/1,000 babies have FAS

Mother drinks heavily during pregnancyMother drinks heavily during pregnancy alcohol interferes with brain developmentalcohol interferes with brain development heart defectsheart defects poor motor developmentpoor motor development

The Second Trimester of The Second Trimester of pregnancypregnancy

Movement of the Movement of the fetus is felt by fetus is felt by the mother.the mother.

Fetus:Fetus:

The unborn baby from about the The unborn baby from about the eighth or ninth week till birth. eighth or ninth week till birth.

Ultrasound:Ultrasound:

To evaluate the growth & development of the fetus.To evaluate the growth & development of the fetus. A technique using sound waves to make a video A technique using sound waves to make a video

image of an unborn babyimage of an unborn baby

Primary purpose of an ultra sound?Primary purpose of an ultra sound?

To check for health problems and fetal To check for health problems and fetal developmentdevelopment Skeletal/ organ defectsSkeletal/ organ defects

AmniocentesisAmniocentesis

The withdraw a sample The withdraw a sample of the amniotic fluid of the amniotic fluid surround an unborn surround an unborn baby with special baby with special needle and testing for needle and testing for fluid for indications of fluid for indications of specific birth defects or specific birth defects or other health problemsother health problems

Rh FactorRh Factor Protein substance found in the red blood cells of Protein substance found in the red blood cells of

85 %85 % Causes a problem to the baby when the father is Causes a problem to the baby when the father is

Rh+ and the mother is RH-Rh+ and the mother is RH-

Rh Disease: type of anemia that destroys the Rh Disease: type of anemia that destroys the baby’s red blood cellsbaby’s red blood cells

IronIron

Needs more iron than usual to produce all the Needs more iron than usual to produce all the blood needed to supply nutrition to the blood needed to supply nutrition to the placenta placenta

FOLIC ACIDFOLIC ACID

Aids in the creation of Aids in the creation of the baby's nervous the baby's nervous system. system.

Folic acid can help Folic acid can help prevent congenital prevent congenital defects such as, spina defects such as, spina bifida, cleft palate or cleft bifida, cleft palate or cleft lip. lip.

Weight Gain for MomWeight Gain for Mom

Suggest between Suggest between 25-30 lbs 25-30 lbs

Eat an extra 300 Eat an extra 300 calories per daycalories per day

Much of the weight Much of the weight gain goes to the gain goes to the growing baby and the growing baby and the tissues that support ittissues that support it

Physical ActivityPhysical Activity Should be active unless told otherwise from Should be active unless told otherwise from

her doctorher doctor

Avoid contact sportsAvoid contact sports

Helps keep weight within normal activity, Helps keep weight within normal activity, strengthens muscles used during birth, strengthens muscles used during birth, increases energyincreases energy

STOP!!!STOP!!! We are going to switch gears now We are going to switch gears now

and move on to look at fetal and move on to look at fetal development in more detail.development in more detail.

If born, the baby If born, the baby has the greatest has the greatest chance of survival.chance of survival.

The fetus assumes The fetus assumes the birth position.the birth position. The unborn fetus The unborn fetus

grows ½ pound per grows ½ pound per week.week.The unborn child The unborn child develops protective develops protective immunities.immunities.

The Third Trimester of The Third Trimester of PregnancyPregnancy

3 Stages of Labor3 Stages of Labor 11stst Stage: Stage:

Contractions beginContractions begin Cervix dilatesCervix dilates

22ndnd Stage Stage:: Child birthChild birth

33rdrd Stage Stage:: Placenta is expelledPlacenta is expelled

Lightening:Lightening:

The term that best describes the baby The term that best describes the baby dropping in to the birth position.dropping in to the birth position.

Amniotic FluidAmniotic Fluid

Acts as a shock absorber for the fetus.Acts as a shock absorber for the fetus.

ShowShow

vaginal discharge prior to vaginal discharge prior to the beginning of birththe beginning of birth

mucus plug is released mucus plug is released from the cervixfrom the cervix

brownish or blood tinged brownish or blood tinged

labor will begin in 3 dayslabor will begin in 3 days

Contraction:Contraction:

The tightening and The tightening and releasing of uterine releasing of uterine muscles.muscles.

Dilation:Dilation: The widening of the The widening of the cervixcervix

Effacement:Effacement: The thinning of the cervixThe thinning of the cervix

Cervix:Cervix:

The lower part of the uterusThe lower part of the uterus

The process by which the baby gradually The process by which the baby gradually moves out of the uterus.moves out of the uterus.

LaborLabor

Breech Birth:Breech Birth:

When the baby is born feet or buttocks first.When the baby is born feet or buttocks first.

(C-section) baby born (C-section) baby born by surgical opening in by surgical opening in the uterus.the uterus.

Caesarean:Caesarean:

CrowningCrowning

Appearance of the Appearance of the head during deliveryhead during delivery

EpisiotomyEpisiotomy:: A cut in the vaginal opening for easier birth.A cut in the vaginal opening for easier birth.

ForcepsForceps Help guide the baby through the birth canal.Help guide the baby through the birth canal.

Vacuum ExtractorVacuum Extractor

Soft silicone cup attached to baby’s headSoft silicone cup attached to baby’s head mother does not need to be completely mother does not need to be completely

dilateddilated less pain medication or chance of less pain medication or chance of

episiotomyepisiotomy

Vacuum SuctionVacuum Suction

Umbilical CordUmbilical Cord

Nourishment and Nourishment and oxygen are carried oxygen are carried from the mother to from the mother to the baby through the the baby through the umbilical cordumbilical cord

Where the baby gets oxygen & nutrients.Where the baby gets oxygen & nutrients.

PlacentaPlacenta::

Apgar RatingApgar Rating:: The rating of a baby’s vital signs immediately The rating of a baby’s vital signs immediately

after birth.after birth.

The Apgar TestThe Apgar Test

Checks newborn’s physical condition for chance of Checks newborn’s physical condition for chance of survivalsurvival

Score 0, 1, or 2 in 5 areasScore 0, 1, or 2 in 5 areas Tested at 1 & 5 minutes after birthTested at 1 & 5 minutes after birth

1.1. Heart rateHeart rate

2.2. Respiratory effortRespiratory effort

3.3. Muscle toneMuscle tone

4.4. ReflexesReflexes

5.5. ColorColor

Baby is weighed & measuredBaby is weighed & measured

Footprints are madeFootprints are made

Name bands on wrists and/or ankles for Name bands on wrists and/or ankles for identificationidentification

BONDINGBONDING

Developing a feeling of affectionDeveloping a feeling of affection Important to both baby and parentsImportant to both baby and parents

Postpartum CarePostpartum Care

Care the mother receives Care the mother receives during the weeks during the weeks following the birth of her following the birth of her baby.baby. Medical staff will monitor; Medical staff will monitor;

• blood pressure, vital blood pressure, vital signs, pulse until all body signs, pulse until all body functions have stabilizedfunctions have stabilized

Sexually Transmitted DiseaseSexually Transmitted Disease

May cause infertilityMay cause infertility

(Note that the cradles are empty because there is no ability to have a baby)

can be transmitted can be transmitted parentally, during parentally, during delivery, and delivery, and breast feedingbreast feeding

AidsAids

RubellaRubella

Another name for Another name for German MeaslesGerman Measles

SterilizationSterilization:: A permanent form of birth control.A permanent form of birth control.

Take Your Baby Home!!Take Your Baby Home!!