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Potential impact of KMT on extraction of geothermal energy
Sigurdur Markusson
Landsvirkjun - National Power Company of Iceland
Landsvirkjun100% renewable
The Company generates 73%
of Iceland’s electricity and is
owned by the Icelandic state.
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Sustainable societies driven by volcanos
Harnessing geothermal energy – Possibly the single most influential factor in modernising Iceland
Geothermal Energy is the Backboneof Icelandic Primary Energy Consumption
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PJ
Hydro power
Geothermal energy
• 90% of space heating• 28% of electricity generation
Oil
Source: Orkustofnun
Coal
85
% ren
ewab
le
Quality of life in Iceland induced by geothermal energy
Most homes in Iceland are heated with geothermal energy (>90%)
22°C indoor temperature
Outdoor swimming pools, hot tubs, saunas
Production of greens
Indoor football halls
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1914 1924 1934 1944 1954 1964 1974 1984 1994 2004 2014
USD
bill
ion
s
Developing arctic country
Driven by economic reasons
Saved space heating costsGeothermal Energy vs. Oil
(accumulated)
$1.600 per annum savings per capita
Direct use of geothermal energy in Iceland
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Swimming pools4%
Snow melting4%Industry
2%
Fish farming5%
Greenhouses2%
Electricity generation40%
Space heating43%
Diversified utilization of geothermal energy
District heating
Tourism
Food production
Biotech
Cosmetics
CO2 for industry
Replacing gas for industrial processes
KRAFLA
Krafla geothermal plant
Krafla 60 MW
Double flash
Construction startedin 1975
Krafla Fires
Eruption 1975-84
Gas injection due to degassing magma caused complications
Second turbine installed in 1998
Volcanology and geothermal energy
▪ Where is magma
▪ How to locate magma
▪ Fluid flow near magma
▪ Fluid chemistry
▪ Signals from magma movement/risk
▪ Seismicity
▪ …………….
▪ Where is magma
▪ How to locate magma
▪ Fluid flow near magma
▪ Fluid chemistry
▪ Signals from magma movement/risk
▪ Seismicity
▪ …………….
Geothermal Volcanology
Understanding near magma environment
Techniques to locate the heat source (magma)
How to drill into the heat source
Heat transfer from magma to the geothermal system
Fluid flow / fluid properties
Technology development
KMT and geothermal science and utilization
Global potentials
Big impact on a localscale
Volcanic islands
Cities near volcanos
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