Post Reconstruction
Post on 06-Jan-2016
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Post Reconstruction
a.k.a. After the
Civil War
Civil War Amendments
• Thirteenth
• Fourteenth
• Fifteenth
Amendment XIII• Ended slavery• “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude . . . shall exist within the United States . . . .”
Amendment XIV• Defines citizenship• “All persons born or naturalized in the United States . . . are citizens of the United States . . . .”
Amendment XV• Defines voting• “The right of citizens . . . to
vote shall not be denied . . . by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
Ku Klux Klan
• Started in 1866 by 6 former Confederate soldiers
• Members wore robes and masks to look like the ghosts of dead Confederate soldiers who returned for revenge against enemies of the South.
• Knights of the White Camellia
• kuklos (“circle”).
Black Codes: laws that restricted freedmen rights
• Curfews• Vagrancy laws (not working)• Labor contracts• Land restrictions (forced
living on plantations)
Voting Restrictions• Poll Tax: special fee paid to
vote
• Literacy Tests (read, write, knowledge)
• Property ownership
Grandfather clauses
• Allowed people to vote………….if their grandfather had voted.
1896 Plessy v. Ferguson
--Major setback for Af. Amerc.
--Segregation legal as long as separate facilities provided.
--Leading to the Southern belief of “Separate but equal”
Jim Crow Laws• Developed a segregated South
• This way of life became the “norm” of the South.
• “That is just the way it is”
Examples:
• Schools• Parks• Public bldgs• Hospitals• Transportation
• Public toilets
• Water fountains
• Sections of theaters
The fight back…• The Niagara Movement:
(1905) vowed never to accept “inferiority”, bow to “oppressions”, or apologize “before insult”. W.E.B. Du Bois leader.
• NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People: (1909) abolish segregation and discrimination, oppose racism, and gain civil right for African Americans.
• The National Urban League: (1911) improved job opportunities and housing for African Americans.
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