Plasmodium malariae

Plasmodium malariae

Prepared by:

NOE P. MENDEZCENTRAL MINDANAO UNIVERSITY (CMU)

npolomendez@gmail.com

References

• Bannister, Lawrence H; and Sherman, Irwin W . 2009. Plasmodium. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester. DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0001970.pub2

• William E. Collins and Geoffrey M. Jeffery. 2007.Plasmodium malariae: Parasite and Disease. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.2007; 20: 579 - 592.

• Parasitology Diagnostic Web Site. "Parasites and Health - Malaria." Laboratory Identification of Parasites of Public Health Concern. Center for Disease Control (CDC), 20 July 2009. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.

Classification

Domain: EukaryaKingdom: ProtistaPhylum: ApicomplexaClass: AconoidasidaOrder: HaemosporidaFamily: PlasmodiidaeGenus: PlasmodiumSpecies: malariae

Source: Bannister, Lawrence H; and Sherman, Irwin W . 2009. Plasmodium. In:

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester. DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0001970.pub2

Plasmodium malariae

• Recognized since 2000 years ago• Discovered by Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran

(1880)• 500 million people will be infected with

malaria worldwide• one of the least studied of the six species that

infect humans• widely found in sub-Saharan Africa, southeast

Asia, and islands in the western PacificSource: William E. Collins and Geoffrey M. Jeffery. 2007.Plasmodium malariae: Parasite

and Disease. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.2007; 20: 579 - 592.

Vector

• Female Anopheles Mosquito

Erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium malariae (Collins and Jeffery,2007)

• 1, normal red cell• 2 to 5, young trophozoites• 6 to 11, growing trophozoites• 12 and 13, nearly mature

and mature trophozoites, respectively

• 14 to 20, developing schizont• 21 and 22, mature schizonts• 23, developing gametocyte• 24, mature

macrogametocyte• 25, mature

microgametocyte.

Development of oocysts of Plasmodium malariae in Anopheles mosquitoes.

Life Cycle

Clinical presentation in humans

Plasmodium malariae

• causes malaria• causes a chronic infection that in some cases can last

a lifetime• maximum parasite counts are usually low• fever manifestations of the parasite are more

moderate and in quartan periodicity• the presence of edema and the nephrotic syndrome

• may cause structural glomerular damage and that renal disease may also occur

• low morbidity rate

Source:Parasitology Diagnostic Web Site. "Parasites and Health - Malaria." Laboratory Identification of Parasites of Public Health Concern. Center for Disease Control (CDC), 20 July 2009. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.

Prevention strategies

• chloroquine is most commonly used for treatment

• effective drug treatments can be developed by targeting the proteolytic enzymes of the food vacuole

• Dr. William Collins states that very few studies are conducted with this parasite, perhaps as a result of its perceived low morbidity and prevalence.

Source:Parasitology Diagnostic Web Site. "Parasites and Health - Malaria." Laboratory Identification of

Parasites of Public Health Concern. Center for Disease Control (CDC), 20 July 2009. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.

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