Transcript
Definition:-
Choice made from two or more alternatives. It occurs as a reaction to a problem or an opportunity.
Problem – difference between current state of affairs and desired state, require consideration of alternative courses of action
Opportunity- occurs when something unplanned happens, giving rise to thoughts about new ways of proceeding.
Decision maker makes consistent, high quality
choices within specified constraints.
Six steps in rational decision making model as
listed below.
1.
Define
the
problem
2.
Identify
the
criteria
3.
Allocate
weights
to the
criteria
4.
Develop
alternativ
es
5.
Evaluate
the
alternativ
es
6.
Select
the best
alternativ
es
Making a decision
Problem clarity
Known options
Clear preferences
Constant preferences
No time or cost constraints
Maximum payoff
a) Problem identification
- problems that are visible tend to be selected
compared to important ones
- easier to recognize visible problem
- decision makers want to appear competent
b) Bounded rationality in considering alternatives
- people are limited by their ability to
interpret, process and act on information
- individuals not able to discover and consider
every alternative for a decision
- settle on alternative that is good enough
- choose a final solution that satisfies rather than
optimizes
c) Intuition
- form of extrasensory power or sixth sense
- 60% experienced professionals in US major organization they use intuition make workplace decision
- often used in hiring, performance appraisal,harassment complaints, safety issues
- best applied when time is short, policies, rulesand guidelines do not give advice oruncertainties
STRENGTH WEAKNESS
More complete information
and knowledge
Increased diversity of views
Higher quality decisions
More accurate
More creativity
Increased acceptance of a
solution
Time consuming
Conformity pressures
Dominated by one or a few
members
Uncertain responsibility
Criteria of Effectiveness Groups Individuals
More complete information √
Diversity of views √
Decision quality √
Accuracy √
Creativity √
Degree of acceptance √
Speed √
Efficiency √
Interacting groups
Brainstorming
Nominal group technique
Electronic meetings
Creativity:-The process of creating product, ideas or procedures that are original and useful to organization
Benefits of individual creativity:- High quality product Effective decision making Better group performance Innovative solution
ALBERT
EINSTEINMARIE
CURIE
THOMAS
EDISON
WOLFGANG
AMADEUS
MOZART
PABLO
PICASSOMICHAEL
JORDAN
Category Percentage (%)
Exceptionally creative 1
Highly creative 10
Somewhat creative 60
Total 71
Table above shows:- A study of lifetime creativity of 461
men & women
PERSONAL
CHARACTERISTICS
PERSONALITY &
COGNITIVE SKILLS
Broad interest
Attraction to complexity
Intuition
Aesthetic sensitivity
Toleration of uncertainty
Self confidence
Motivated by intrinsic
interest
Challenge
Task satisfaction
Self- set goals
Challenge
Freedom
Resources
Work group features
Supervisory encouragement
Organizational support
Expected evaluation
Surveillance
External motivators
Competition
Constrained choice
Ethics :-
Study of moral values or principles that
guide our behavior and inform us whether
our actions are right or wrong
Utilitarian criterion
Rights
Justice
Care
Stages of moral development
Locus of control
Organizational environment
Question 1
Is this decision
motivating by self-
serving interest?
Question 2
Does the decision
respect the rights of
the individuals
affected?
Question 3
Is this decision fair
and equitable?
Unethical
NoUnethical
Unethical
Ethical
Is a Decision
ethical?
Decision making, creativity and ethics are
the main criteria need to be considered by
all the individual in organization. The
success of each organization depends
heavily on this three aspects.
THANK YOU ,GOOD DAY
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