Physical Exams and Vital Signs
Post on 24-Feb-2016
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M R. PAC E
PHYSICAL EXAMS AND VITAL SIGNS
PHYSICAL EXAMS AND VITAL SIGNS
A. Identify instruments used for a physical examsB. List observable signs of problems associated
with each body systemC. Take a preliminary animal history from a clientD. Measure and record vital statistics
INSTRUMENTS FOR THE P.E.
• Stethoscope• Used to listen to
heart, lung, or gut sounds
• Thermometer• Used to measure
body temperature
INSTRUMENTS FOR P.E.
• Scale• To measure weight
INSTRUMENTS FOR THE P.E.
• Clock/Timer• Used to time pulse
and respiration rate
• Medical Chart• To see past history
and record info
INSTRUMENTS FOR P.E.
• Otoscope• Used to see inside
ears
• Ophthalmoscope• Used to see eyes
INSTRUMENTS FOR P.E.
• Gauze, Q-Tips, Cotton Balls• Used to clean ears or around eyes• Used to take swabs for tests
INSTRUMENTS FOR P.E.
• Exam Gloves• Used to keep
hands clean….(er)
• Restraint Equipment
OBSERVABLE SIGNS
• Integumentary System• Coat – Shiny/Full or Dull/Brittle• Bald Patches• Rashes• Dry, Flaking Skin
OBSERVABLE SIGNS
• Musculoskeletal System• Is there any visible lameness?
OBSERVABLE SIGNS
• Circulatory System• Coughing• Fainting• Dyspnea• Heart Murmurs
OBSERVABLE SIGNS
• Respiratory System• Coughing• Sneezing• Nasal Discharge• Exercise intolerance• Cyanosis
OBSERVABLE SIGNS
• Digestive System• Eating Normally• Diet Changes• Toxin exposure (rat poison, chocolate, antifreeze)• Vomiting or Diarrhea
OBSERVABLE SIGNS
• Urinary System• Abnormal Discharge, smell, color• Swelling• Difficulty or inability to urinate
OBSERVABLE SIGNS
• Nervous System• Seizures• Behavior Changes• Head Tilt
OBSERVABLE SIGNS
• Others:• Lymph nodes – swollen• Eyes – Excessive tears, discharge• Ears – discharge, unusual odor, head shaking• Mouth – Gums and Teeth healthy, moist and pink mucous
membranes
PATIENT HISTORY
20 questions….What are the most helpful
question to ask?
PATIENT HISTORY
• Characteristics of good questions:
• Open ended questions• Owner is more likely to give more information than if you ask
yes/no questions
• Lead to all pertinent information• Vaccine history, exposure to other animals, date of injury or
illness onset, etc
PATIENT HISTORY
• Basics:• Owner info• Breed and species• Age and Gender
PATIENT HISTORY
• Illness/injury report:• List of symptoms• When did it start?• Onset of injury/illness
PATIENT HISTORY
• Background Info• Vaccine History• Illness/injury history• Exposure to other animals
PATIENT HISTORY
• Make a list of at least 5 good questions for each category• Basics• Illness/Injury Report• Background Information
VITAL STATISTICS
T P R•Temperature•Pulse•Respiration
VITAL STATISTICS
• Temperature
• Why body temperature changes:
• Infection/disease• Excitement/stress• Environment
VITAL STATISTICS
• How to take a temperature
1. Turn thermometer on (digital)2. Lubricate end3. Insert into rectum and hold until it beeps (2-3
min)
VITAL STATISTICS
• Know the terminology1. Hypothermia = below normal body temp2. Hyperthermia = above normal body temp3. Fever = excessive heat in the body4. Heat stroke = body temp above 105
VITAL STATISTICS
• Pulse
• Heart Rate
• Why heart rate changes:• Anxiety• Exercise• Pain• Disease• Shock
VITAL STATISTICS
• How to measure pulse rate:
1. Using index and middle finger, gently feel over the artery until you feel the pulse
2. Count number of pulses in 15 seconds3. Multiply by 4 to get beats/minute
VITAL STATISTICS
• Pulse Sites:
VITAL STATISTICS
• Respiration• Number of breaths per minute (inhale and exhale = 1
breath)
• Why respiratory rate changes:• Anxiety• Exercise• Pain• Disease• Shock
VITAL STATISTICS
• How to measure respiration
• Observe the rise and fall of chest
• Count number of breaths for 15 seconds
• Multiply by 4 to get breaths/minute
VITAL STATISTICS
Average TPR’sAnimal Normal
Temperature F
PulseBeats/Min
RespirationBreaths/Min
Cat 101.5 110-130 20-30Cattle 101.0 60-70 10-30Chicken 107.0 200-400 15-30Dog 102.0 70-120 10-30Goat 102.5 40-60 12-20Horse 100.0 30-60 8-16Rabbit 103.0 123-304 30-45Sheep 102.0 60-90 12-20
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