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PERSUASIVE SPEECHINTRODUCTION

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

MLK’S “I HAVE A DREAM”

▸ Watch this video clip

▸ Write down three strong phrases you hear.

▸ Imagine yourself as an audience member: describe how Martin Luther King Jr.'s speech makes you feel.

▸ Tone of the Speech: ______________

▸ Mood (your emotions): ______________

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

“I HAVE A DREAM”

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

STRONG PHRASES?

TONEMOOD

‣ “America has given the Negro people a bad check.”

‣ “Rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force.”

‣ Determined

‣ Optimistic

‣ Uplifting

‣ Inspirational

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

WHAT IS PERSUASION?

▸ Bringing your audience to believe as you do.

▸ Influencing your audience to take action.

▸ Influence a person's beliefs, attitudes, intentions, motivations, or behaviors.

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

INTRODUCTION: PERSUASION

WHERE DO YOU USE PERSUASION

IN YOUR LIFE?

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

YOU WISH TO CONVINCE YOUR PARENTS THAT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO ATTEND A

LOCAL CONCERT.

YOU WANT TO CONVINCE YOUR TEACHER THAT MORE TIME IS NEEDED TO COMPLETE

A CLASS PROJECT.

YOU WISH TO SHOW YOUR FRIENDS THAT DRINKING AND DRIVING DO NOT ADD UP

TO AN INTELLIGENT WAY TO HAVE A GOOD TIME.

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

INTRODUCTION: PERSUASION

▸ Each of these situations requires aspects of persuasion:

▸ Awaken a belief on the part of your listeners that what you are proposing is a good idea.

▸ Show the audience that you have a well-thought-out plan of action available.

▸ Be able to convince your audience that your plan of action is realistic and the right thing to do.

▸ Be able to “push the right buttons,” or know your audience.

ETHOS, LOGOS, PATHOS

THE ART OF PERSUASION

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

ARISTOTLE 384 BCE – 322 BCE

1. Greek philosopher & scientist

2. Logic was designed for science –– “the purpose of attaining the truth.”

3. Philosophized about existence & challenged Plato’s (his teacher) thinking.

4. Introduced modern rhetoric – the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing

5. Persuasive language: Ethos, Logos, Pathos.

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

ETHOS, LOGOS, PATHOS

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

ETHOS – PERSONAL CREDIBILITY

LOGOS – LOGIC

PATHOS – EMOTION

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

‣ Greek word for “character"

‣ Honesty – Competency – Energy

‣ Direct Interest in Outcomes

‣ Expertise and Experience

‣ Speaker often begins speech with some degree of credibility –– or Ethos

ETHOS – PERSONAL CREDIBILITY

LOGOS – LOGIC

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

ETHOS – PERSONAL CREDIBILITY

LOGOS – LOGIC

‣ Donald Trump’s Ethos

‣ Suit and tie

‣ Years of business experience

‣ “Not a politician”

‣ Ivy League School

‣ “The Best Words”

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

‣ Facts

‣ Expert opinions or quotations

‣ Definitions - statement of meaning of word or phrase

‣ Statistics - offer scientific support

‣ Examples - powerful illustrations

‣ Anecdote - incident, often based on writer's personal experiences

ETHOS – PERSONAL CREDIBILITY

LOGOS – LOGIC

PATHOS – EMOTION

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

PATHOS – EMOTION

‣ Examples:

‣ "Cigarette smoke contains over 4,800 chemicals, 69 of which are known to cause cancer.”

‣ Lady Gaga was more popular than Justin Bieber in 2011 because Gaga's fan pages collected ten million more Facebook fans than Bieber's.

ETHOS – PERSONAL CREDIBILITY

LOGOS – LOGIC

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

‣ A carefully reasoned argument will be strengthened by an emotional appeal, especially love, anger, disgust, fear, compassion, and patriotism.

‣ “feeling” the speech

‣ Aristotle: “Emotions have specific causes and effects.”

‣ Introduction and conclusion – most appropriate for pathos

LOGOS – LOGIC

PATHOS – EMOTION

PERSUASIVE SPEECHLOGOS – LOGIC

PATHOS – EMOTION‣ “Just as different drug draw off different

humors from the body, and some put an end to disease and other to life, so too of discourses: some give pain, others delight, others terrify, others rouse the hearers to courage, and yet others by a certain vile persuasion drug and trick to soul” (Gorgias).

PERSUASIVE SPEECHLOGOS – LOGIC

PATHOS – EMOTION‣ Example: "Mom, there is clear evidence

that cell phones save lives in emergency situations."

‣ While that statement is true, the real power lies in the emotions that you will likely invoke in your parent. What mother wouldn't envision a broken-down automobile perched by the side of a busy highway upon hearing that statement?

RHETORICAL DEVICESSTYLE

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

WRITING A PERSUASIVE SPEECH

‣ Two Magic Ingredients:

1. A great script, using persuasive techniques, short sentences, and hard-hitting vocabulary.

2. Fantastic delivery: speaking loud, clear and with passion.

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

RHETORICAL DEVICE:

ANAPHORA

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

ANAPHORA

▸ The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

ANAPHORA

▸ "It rained on his lousy tombstone, and it rained on the grass on his stomach. It rained all over the place.”

– Catcher in the Rye

▸ "It rained on his lousy tombstone, and it rained on the grass on his stomach. It rained

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

ANAPHORA

▸ "It's the hope of slaves sitting around a fire singing freedom songs; the hope of immigrants setting out for distant shores; the hope of a young naval lieutenant bravely patrolling the Mekong Delta; the hope of a millworker's son who dares to defy the odds; the hope of a skinny kid with a funny name who believes that America has a place for him, too."

▸ "It's the hope of slaves sitting around a fire singing freedom songs; the hope of immigrants setting out for distant shores; the hope of a young naval lieutenant bravely patrolling the Mekong Delta; the hope of a millworker's son who dares to defy the odds; the hope of a skinny kid with a funny name who believes that America has a place for him, too."

"A SERIES OF HAMMER BLOWS IN WHICH THE REPETITION OF THE WORD BOTH CONNECTS AND REINFORCES THE SUCCESSIVE THOUGHTS" (NEW TESTAMENT INTERPRETATION THROUGH RHETORICAL CRITICISM, 1984).

George A. Kennedy – On Anaphora

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

RHETORICAL DEVICE:

ANTITHESIS

PERSUASIVE SPEECH ANTITHESIS

▸ Figure of balance in which two contrasting ideas are intentionally juxtaposed, usually through parallel structure; a contrasting of opposing ideas in adjacent phrases, clauses, or sentences.

▸ “I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!"

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

RHETORICAL DEVICE: ALLUSION

PERSUASIVE SPEECH ALLUSION

▸ A brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance. It does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers.

▸ The rise in poverty will unlock the Pandora’s box of crimes.

▸ This is an allusion to one of Greek Mythology’s origin myth, “Pandora’s box”.

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

RHETORICAL DEVICE:

METAPHOR

PERSUASIVE SPEECH METAPHOR

▸ A figure of speech that makes an implicit, implied, or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated, but which share some common characteristics.

▸ “But thy eternal summer shall not fade…” (Summer to youth)

▸ “We live on a placid island of ignorance in the midst of black seas of infinity, and it was not meant that we should voyage far.”

ANALYSISI HAVE A DREAM

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

I HAVE A DREAM

▸ Read the introduction aloud

▸ In pairs – read and annotate the speech

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

I HAVE A DREAM

▸ Find examples of each

▸ Logos, Pathos (2 of each)

▸ Strong Diction (4 of each)

▸ Two of each: Anaphora, antithesis, and allusion

▸ Eight metaphors

▸ At least one rhetorical device in each paragraph

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

I HAVE A DREAM – QUESTIONS

▸ Questions – submit:

▸ mrwilkes@zoho.com

▸ MLA Format

▸ File name:

▸ NameClassDreamQuestions.doc

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

I HAVE A DREAM – QUESTIONS1. Copy and define 10 words you don’t know from the speech.

2. What is MLK’s dream? Explain using two examples from the speech.

3. What are some of the specific acts of injustice against African Americans which King cites in his speech?

4. Nearly every line of King's speech is filled with powerful images, or "mental pictures," many created by using figures of speech. Images help audiences to feel what speakers/writers want them to feel, help them remember what they have read or heard, and help them understand difficult material. Write a well-developed paragraph telling which of King's images you find most powerful and appealing and explain why this image had meaning for you.

ANALYSISPERSUASIVE SPEECH

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

SPEECH ANALYSIS –– THIS I BELIEVE

▸ Groups of Five

▸ Reader

▸ Informer

▸ Historical Background or Biographical Information

▸ Speaker’s Purpose

▸ Summarizer (secondary LD)

▸ Language Detective –– Ethos, Logos, and Pathos; Rhetorical/Literary Devices

▸ Power Pointer

WRITINGPERSUASIVE SPEECH

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

SPEECH WRITING

▸ Assignment

▸ “I Have a Dream” Speech

▸ What is your dream for your school, community, country, or the world?

▸ 4-5 minutes (500-700 words)

▸ Ethos, Logos, and Pathos (blue, green, orange)

▸ Anaphora: three examples (red)

▸ Metaphor: three (purple)

▸ Antithesis: one example (pink)

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

SPEECH WRITING

▸ Structure

▸ Essay structure

▸ Introduction with a clear thesis

▸ Topic sentences with transitions

▸ Summarizing conclusion

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

SPEECH WRITING

▸ Video

▸ 4-5 minute video

▸ Use music in the introduction

▸ Mood: uplifting and determined

▸ Filetype: .mov

PERSUASIVE SPEECH

SPEECH WRITING

▸ Rubric

▸ Structure of the speech

▸ Grammar and mechanics

▸ Tone and Mood

▸ Diction (pronunciation)

▸ E., L., P., and Rhetorical Devices

▸ Overall effectiveness of argument

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