Personality and Personality Disorders: Medical Lecture on fundamentals

per·son·al·i·tyˌpərsəˈnalədē/noun1.the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character

"she had a sunny personality that was very engaging" Prof.Dr.T.BedirhanÜstün

Personalityand

PersonalityDisorders

synonyms: character, nature, disposition, temperament,makeup, persona, psyche”hercheerfulpersonality"

Objectivesofthislecture

Attheendofthelecturethestudentshouldbeableto

1. Understandfivebasicdimensionsofhumanpersonality

2. Applytheassessmentofdimensionsonthemselvesandonanotherperson

3. Understandthelinkbetweenpersonalityandpersonalitydisorder

ADoctorshould…

•beabletorelatetodiverserangeofpeople

• Understandtheirpersonality• Communicate withthem

•understandthepsychological– behavioralandsocial aspectsoftheirlives

Extroversion Introversion

Where do we vest our energy?

Speed Reading

How do we make decisions?

Thinking Feeling

How do we organize our world?Judging Perceiving

How do we take in information?Sensing Intuition

DefinitionofPersonality

• Enduringpattern ofexperienceandbehavior• Cognition• Affect• InterpersonalFunctioning• ImpulseControl

• Cross-situationstability• Copingstyles– handlingstress

Personality• Personality is

“asumofvariousoftraits”

• Apersonalitytrait is“adispositiontobehaveinaparticularwayinavarietyofsituations”:e.g.

• ImpulsivevsControlled• FriendlyvsReserved• MoodyvsStable• OrganizedvsCareless

Personalitytraits:2– 16… more?

• Psychologicalscientistshaveidentifiedvarioustraits:

• Extraversion– Introversion• Jung

• Stable(Calm)- Unstable(Moody)• Eysenck

Very Extraverted

Extraversion

Openness

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness

Very Introverted

Very Low

Very Low

Very Low

Very High

Very High

Very High

NeuroticismVery Low

Very High

THEBIGFIVERobertMcCraeandPaulCosta(1987,1997,1999)statethattherearefive“higher-order”traits

Extroversion

•Outgoing•Open•Talkative•Assertive• Joiner

Introversion

• Inbound•Closed•Quiet•Timid•Loner

Opennes toExperience

•Curious•Novelty-seeking•Creative• Imaginative• Independent

•Settled•Routine-seeking•Conservative•Mundane•Conforming

Agreeable

•Warm•Cooperative•Approachable•Trustable

•Cold•Antagonistic•Distant•Suspicious

Conscientousness

•Organized•Responsible•Persistent•Rigid•Careful

•Disorganized•Unreliable•Unpredictable•Easy-going•Careless

EmotionalStability

•Calm•Secure•Stable•Comfortable•At-ease

•Nervous• Insecure•Moody•Self-conscious•High-strung

YourProfileintellsalot…

• https://applymagicsauce.com

YourProfileintellsalot…

ResearchUnderneath:• Personality(character)

• Psychologicaldevelopment

• Temperament• Biologicalinfrastructure

• Socialenvironment• Rolemodels• Interaction• Rewards- deterrents

PsychologicalDevelopment

• Attachment

• Needsà Pleasure&Pain

• Trustvs.Mistrust

• Weaningà Loss…

“StillFaceExperiment”

EightStagesofMan

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iz-AeGMhzV0

DiscoveryofSELF

• MirrorPhase(Lacan ):• Integrationofbodypartsintoawhole• RecognitionofSelfasanentity

• Self-perception• Self-regulation• Ideal-self

SELFACTUAL IDEAL

MEHow Iactuallysee

MY SELFHowI wouldliketo

be

OTHERS HowOTHERSactuallyseeme

HowI wouldlikeOTHERSseeme

Social-CognitivePersonalityTheories:

PersonalControl

Internal Locus of Control:You pretty much control your own destiny

External Locus of Control:Luck, fate and/or powerful others control your destiny.

Social-CognitivePersonalityTheories:ReciprocalDetermination

Howdoweassess“Personality”?• Interview:

• Ask the person about themselves• Obtain information that reveals personality

• Behavioral Observation:• Watch the individual’s behavior in an actual or simulated situation

• Personality Tests:• Questionnaires• Projective tests

DisturbedRelations

AffectiveDysregulation

Impulsivity

Borderline

CategoricalModelscouldberepresentedinDimensions

NeuroscientificBasisofPersonalityTraits

• Extraversion

• Openness

• Agreeableness

• Conscientousness

• Neuroticism

Midbrain– Dopamine– Rewardsystem

Mentalassociations– Dopamine

Mirroring

Dorsolateralprefrontalcortex

Amygdala- Serotonin

TemperamentandtheBrain

Objectivesofthislecture

Attheendofthelecturethestudentshouldbeableto

1. Understandfivebasicdimensionsofhumanpersonality

2. Applytheassessmentofdimensionsonthemselvesandonanotherperson

3. Understandthelinkbetweenpersonalityandpersonalitydisorder