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CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders
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CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Dec 31, 2015

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Page 2: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Clinical Features of Personality Disorders

Personality disorders

•Chronic interpersonal difficulties

•Problems with identity or sense of self

© 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 3: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Clinical Features of Personality Disorders

DSM criteria include enduring behavior

pattern

Pervasive and inflexible

Stable and of long duration

Clinically significant distress or

impairment in functioning

© 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 4: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Clinical Features of Personality Disorders

Prevalence Ranges from 4.4% to

14.8%

About 75% comorbidity

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Page 5: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disorders

Diagnostic criteria not sharply defined

Diagnostic categories not mutually exclusive

© 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 6: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disorders

PDs may represent extreme levels of normal personality

traits

• Histrionic• Dependent• Obsessive-compulsive

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Page 7: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Difficulties in Studying the Causes of Personality Disorders

Limited research on

causal factors

Less amenability to thorough study

Retrospective approaches

© 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 8: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Classifying Personality Disorders

• Cluster A are people who are perceived as odd or eccentric

Includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders

Page 9: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Classifying Personality Disorders

Cluster B are people whose behavior is overly dramatic, emotional, or erratic

– Includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders

Page 11: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Paranoid Personality Disorder (Cluster A)

On guard for perceived attacks by others

Tendency to see self as blameless

Suspiciousness and mistrust of others

© 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 12: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Schizoid Personality Disorder (Cluster A)

Inability and lack of desire to form attachments to others

Impaired social relationships

© 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 13: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder (Cluster A)

Oddities of perception and speech that interfere with communication and social

interaction

Peculiar thought patterns

© 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 14: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Histrionic Personality Disorder(Cluster B)

Irritability and temper outbursts if attention seeking is frustrated

Overconcern with attractiveness

Self-dramatization

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Page 15: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder(Cluster B)

Lack of empathy

Self-promoting

Preoccupation with receiving attention

Grandiosity

© 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 16: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Antisocial Personality Disorder(Cluster B)

History of conduct problems as a child (diagnosis of Conduct Disorder)

Shameless manipulation of others

Deceitfulness

Inability to follow approved models of behavior

Lack of moral or ethical development

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Page 17: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

The Clinical Picture in Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder

Inadequate conscience development

Irresponsible and impulsive behavior

Ability to impress and exploit others

© 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 18: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Causal Factors in Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality

Causal factors • Genetic influences• Low levels of fear; poor conditioning of fear• More general emotional deficits• Early parental loss• Parental rejection• Inconsistent discipline

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Page 19: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Figure 10.4: Family Context and Antisocial Behavior

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Page 20: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Treatments and Outcomes in Psychopathic and Antisocial Personality

Cognitive-behavioral treatments offer some promise

Treatment of psychopaths is

difficult

© 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 21: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Borderline Personality Disorder (Cluster B)

Attempts at self-mutilation or suicide

Chronic feelings of boredom

Drastic mood shifts

Inappropriate anger

Impulsiveness

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Page 22: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Figure 10.1: Multidimensional Diathesis-Stress Theory of Borderline

Personality Disorder

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Page 23: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Avoidant Personality Disorder(Cluster C)

Insecurity in social interaction and initiating relationships

Shyness

Hypersensitivity to rejection or social derogation

© 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 24: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Dependent Personality Disorder(Cluster C)

Indecisiveness

Subordination of needs to keep others involved in a relationship

Discomfort at being alone

Difficulty in separating in relationships

© 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 25: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (Cluster C)

Difficulty in relaxing and having fun

Lack of expressiveness and warmth

Perfectionism

Excessive concern with order, rules, and trivial details

© 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 26: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Treatments and Outcomes for Personality Disorders

Difficulties

Clients resistance to

change

Relationships formation

challenges© 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 27: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Treating Borderline Personality Disorder

Antidepressant medications

(SSRIs)

Dialectical behavior

therapy (DBT)

© 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Page 28: CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

Treating Other Personality Disorders

Few controlled studies of treatment

Antipsychotic or antidepressant

medication

Schizotypal PD

Cognitive-behavioral treatment and

antidepressant medication

Avoidant PD

© 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.