Personality

Personality

Personality dimension # 1Need for stability

Personality dimension # 2Extraversion

Personality dimension # 3Openness

Personality dimension # 4Agreeableness

Personality dimension # 5Conscientiousness

Part # 6How large a part of your personality is learned?

Personality dimension # 1

Need for stability

Personality with high score on need for stability

Personality traits Excitable.

Can be perceived as Easily irritated. Short-tempered. Has difficulty coping with stress. Overreacting. Unstable. Insecure.

Self development tips for people with high score on need for stability

Communicate emotions. Drain the ”anger container.”

Sourcehttp://sloanreview.mit.edu/the-magazine/2012-spring/53312/how-to-become-a-better-leader/

Personality with low score on need for stability

Personality traits Calm. Emotionally stable. Not easily irritated. Copes well with stress.

Can be perceived as Unconcerned. Uninspiring. Laid back.

Self development tips for people with low score on need for stability

Create a mental spreadsheet to highlight why something will work, and why it may not work.

Sourcehttp://sloanreview.mit.edu/the-magazine/2012-spring/53312/how-to-become-a-better-leader/

Personality dimension # 2

Extraversion

Personality with high score onextraversion

Personality traits Sociable. Gains energy by working / being with other people. Prefers to talk and act.

Can be perceived as Dominant. Crushing debate. Attention seeking. Too energetic.

Source: http://ipip.ori.org/newBigFive5broadKey.htm

Extraverted people don’t mind being the center of attention.

Sourcehttp://academicearth.org/lectures/personality-and-social-interaction-2-b, minute 5.

Extraverted people tend to smile and wave.

There is strong correlation between extraversion and individualism.

SourcesHofstede, Geert: Cultures and Organizations, p. 114.http://www.psy.ed.ac.uk/people/awei/courses/folder.2008-11-03.1677181083/hofstede%20mccrae%20cross%20cult%20res%202004.pdf, p. 68-69, 73.

Extraversion relates to qualities of self confidence in social settings, assertiveness, and social involvement.

Quelle: http://books.google.com/books?id=Fy9gXBgREtQC&pg=PA324&lpg=PA324&dq=social+competence+%22five+factor+model%22&source=bl&ots=lppSqReGKy&sig=JtFPbGY0N9QQRRi-YfvGPh31cBI&hl=en&ei=FgfXTMO2G4zvsgbG2-GPCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=social%20competence%20%22five%20factor%20model%22&f=false

There is zero correlation between being the best talker and having the best ideas.

SourceThe power of quiet.http://youtu.be/rUaj7rj6MI8

SourceAdam Grant, University of Pennsylvania.Pink, Daniel: To sell is human: The surprising truth about moving others, location 1108.http://www.amazon.de/Sell-Human-Surprising-Influencing-ebook/dp/B00AO3K05S/

Sales revenue by levels of extraversion

Self development tips for people with high score on extraversion

Listen and show you have listened. When talking, limit yourself to 4 sentences.

Sourcehttp://sloanreview.mit.edu/the-magazine/2012-spring/53312/how-to-become-a-better-leader/

Personality with low score onextraversion

Personality traits Reserved. Gains energy by being / working independently / alone. Prefers to be quiet, think / reflect, read, listen, watch, write, draw.

Can be perceived as Self absorbed. Too introspective.

Self development tips for people with low score on extraversion

Create time-outs to recharge. Find an object that reminds you to relax your face.

Sourcehttp://sloanreview.mit.edu/the-magazine/2012-spring/53312/how-to-become-a-better-leader/

Personality dimension # 3

Openness

Personality with high score onopenness

Personality traits Curious. Creative. Preferring variety, doing what is new.

Can be perceived as Unfocused. Too complex. Too innovative. Easily bored.

Source:William Maddux. Living abroad makes you more creative. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKcu_ztYCtk

Openness is highly related to creativity

Research has found links between multiculturalism and creativity.

One broad theme in this emerging body of work is that exposure to different cultures offers access to diverse ideas, promotes openness to new perspectives, and helps people link apparently disparate ideas to generate new ones.

Sourceshttp://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/11-085.pdf Antonio, Chang, Hakuta, Kenny, Levin, & Milem, 2004.Cheng, Sanchez-Burks, & Lee, 2008. Leung & Chiu, 2008.Leung, Maddux, Galinsky, & Chiu, 2008. Maddux & Galinsky, 2009.

Study shows that people, who simultaneously identified with their home and host cultures while abroad came up with more ideas, and more unique ideas, than did their counterparts who identified with just one culture.

Sourcehttp://blogs.wsj.com/atwork/2012/08/29/taking-a-job-overseas-do-it-right/

Various forms of multicultural exposure have been found to promote creativity.

Maddux and Galinsky (2009) found evidence that living abroad and being immersed in a culture different from one’s own promotes creative problem solving.

Source: http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/11-085.pdf

We expect that openness to experience will be a valid predictor of one of the performance criteria, training proficiency.

We believe that such individuals are more likely to be motivated to learn upon entry into the training program and, consequently, are more likely to benefit from the training.

Source:Barrick, Murray R. & Mount, Michael K.:The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis.http://areadocenti.eco.unicas.it/virili/old/ApprofondimentiCO/BarrickMount%20PP91%20The%20Big%20Five%20personality%20dimensions%20and%20job%20performance%20-%20a%20meta-analysis.pdf

Source Guadagno, R. E. et al. ”Who blogs? Personality predictors of blogging.” Computers in Human Behaviour, 2007.

n = 89

Bloggers are open

n = 278

Source Guadagno, R. E. et al. ”Who blogs? Personality predictors of blogging.” Computers in Human Behaviour, 2007.

Bloggers are open

SourceFlorida, Richard: Who’s your city, p. 196.

Open

Open

Open

Open

Open

Open

Respondents in low power distance countries tended to score higher on openness to experience than in high power distance countries.

Sourcehttp://www.psy.ed.ac.uk/people/awei/courses/folder.2008-11-03.1677181083/hofstede%20mccrae%20cross%20cult%20res%202004.pdf, p. 73.

Self development tips for people with high score on openness

Regulate your bouts of creativity.

Sourcehttp://sloanreview.mit.edu/the-magazine/2012-spring/53312/how-to-become-a-better-leader/

Personality with low score onopenness

Personality traits Pragmatic. Data driven.

Can be perceived as Closed-minded. Conventional. Uncertainty avoidant. Preferring routine. Holding on to status quo.

Self development tips for people with low score on openness

Challenge yourself.

Sourcehttp://sloanreview.mit.edu/the-magazine/2012-spring/53312/how-to-become-a-better-leader/

Personality dimension # 4

Agreeableness

Personality with high score onagreeableness

Personality traits Collaboration minded. Compassionate. Interested in others’ needs. Trusts others.

Can be perceived as Naïve. Easy to manipulate. Too considerate. Submissive.

In those occupations that involve frequent interaction or cooperation with others, we expect that two personality dimensions, extraversion and agreeableness, will be valid predictors.

Source:Barrick, Murray R. & Mount, Michael K.:The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis.http://areadocenti.eco.unicas.it/virili/old/ApprofondimentiCO/BarrickMount%20PP91%20The%20Big%20Five%20personality%20dimensions%20and%20job%20performance%20-%20a%20meta-analysis.pdf

Source:http://nd.edu/~cba/Nice--JPSPInPress.pdf http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904823804576502763895892974.html The researchers analyzed data collected over nearly 20 years from three different surveys, which sampled roughly 10,000 workers comprising a wide range of professions, salaries and ages. 

Study finds that agreeable workers earn significantly lower incomes than less agreeable ones.

The gap is especially wide for men. Men who measured below average on agreeableness earned about 18% more - or USD 9,772 more annually in their sample - than nicer guys. 

Self development tips for people with high score on agreeableness

Change your mindset from ”I want to be liked” to ”I want to be perceived as fair”.

Sourcehttp://sloanreview.mit.edu/the-magazine/2012-spring/53312/how-to-become-a-better-leader/

Personality with low score onagreeableness

Personality traits Competition minded. Challenging.

Can be perceived as only interested in own needs. Self promoting. Aggressive. Uncaring. Suspicious. Untrustworthy.

Uncertainty avoidance is associated with lower subjective well-being and higher xenophobia suggesting less agreeable mindsets.

Sourcehttp://www.psy.ed.ac.uk/people/awei/courses/folder.2008-11-03.1677181083/hofstede%20mccrae%20cross%20cult%20res%202004.pdf, p. 74.

Disagreeable people are not really interested in others and/or other people’s problems.

Source: http://ipip.ori.org/newBigFive5broadKey.htm

Study found that customers who scored lower in agreeableness and lower in emotional stability were more influenced by the positive emotion of the staff.

Sourcehttp://bps-research-digest.blogspot.ch/2012/09/when-sales-staff-smile-everyone-wins.html

Self development tips for people with low score on agreeableness

Articulate what’s in it for others. Use humor.

Sourcehttp://sloanreview.mit.edu/the-magazine/2012-spring/53312/how-to-become-a-better-leader/

Personality dimension # 5

Conscien-tiousness

Personality with high score onconscientiousnees

Personality traits Persistent. Self disciplined. Systematic. Thorough. Careful. Orderly.

Can be perceived as Stubborn. Obsessive. Losing sight of the big picture. Risking to get a burn-out.

Source: http://ipip.ori.org/newBigFive5broadKey.htm

Conscientuous people are always prepared.

Sourcehttp://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~johnlab/pdfs/2008chapter.pdf p. 120.

Examples of conscientious behaviour

Arrive early or on time for meetings. Double check papers for spelling.

Conscientiousness is associated with high power distance.

Respondents from poor countries tended to describe themselves as more conscientious than those from wealthier countries.

Sourcehttp://www.psy.ed.ac.uk/people/awei/courses/folder.2008-11-03.1677181083/hofstede%20mccrae%20cross%20cult%20res%202004.pdf, p. 74 and 80.

Conscientiuous people tend to be happier with themselves and do what they think is right according to the cultural context.

Source: http://hbr.org/2011/07/the-unselfish-gene/ar/4

Self development tips for people with high score on conscientiousness

Ask questions.

Sourcehttp://sloanreview.mit.edu/the-magazine/2012-spring/53312/how-to-become-a-better-leader/

Personality with low score on conscientiousness

Personality traits Flexible. Spontaneous.

Can be perceived as Careless. Disorderly. Sloppy. Unreliable.

Self development tips for people with low score on conscientiousness

Sleep on it before making a decision. Consult a ”devil’s advocate”.

Sourcehttp://sloanreview.mit.edu/the-magazine/2012-spring/53312/how-to-become-a-better-leader/

Part # 6How large a part of your personality is

learned?

How large a part of your personality is

learned?

_____%

How large a part of your personality is

inherited?

_____%

Personality traits are on average between 42% and 57% heritable.

Source: Studies by Thomas Bouchard and Matt McGue.http://hbr.org/2011/07/the-unselfish-gene/ar/4

6 creativity studies of identical twins show that 25% to 40% of what we do innovatively stems from genetics.

That means that roughly 2/3 of our innovation skills come through learning.

SourceDyer, Jeff; Gregersen, Hal & Christensen, Clayton M: “The Innovator’s DNA: Mastering the Five Skills of Disruptive Innovators.” Location 311.

Other sources related to the five factor model

http://ipip.ori.org/newBigFive5broadKey.htm http://pages.uoregon.edu/sanjay/bigfive.html http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~johnlab/pdfs/2008chapter.pdf http://blogs.hbr.org/cs/2012/02/are_successful_people_nice.html http://sloanreview.mit.edu/the-magazine/2012-spring/53312/how-to-become-a-better-leader/ http://www.outofservice.com/bigfive/ http://www.123test.com/personality-test/ http://test.personality-project.org/survey/consentform.html http://drphil.com/shows/bigfivepersonalityquiz http://youtu.be/Ar1kEN_ZPNM

http://books.google.com/books?id=Fy9gXBgREtQC&pg=PA324&lpg=PA324&dq=social+competence+%22five+factor+model%22&source=bl&ots=lppSqReGKy&sig=JtFPbGY0N9QQRRi-YfvGPh31cBI&hl=en&ei=FgfXTMO2G4zvsgbG2-GPCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=social%20competence%20%22five%20factor%20model%22&f=false