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Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)

Jul 20, 2020

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Page 1: Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)

Personality Disorders

Page 2: Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)

Outline

• Intro• Winehouse

• Disorder - What does this mean?• Abnormality

• Abnormality, as applied to personality

• The Personality Disorders• Cluster A (Eccentric)

• Cluster B (Erratic)

• Cluster C (Anxious)

• Prevalence• Gender Differences

• Causes

Page 3: Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)

Personality Disorders – Building Blocks

• Traits• Extremes associated with pers.

disorders

• Motivation• Needs

• Sex & aggression (Freud)• Intimacy, achievement, & power• Intimacy/power esp. affected

• Cognition• Perceiving, interpreting, &

planning

• Emotion• Extremes of emotion

• Self-Concept• Distortion of self-concept• Lack of stability• Narcissism

• Social Relationships• Intimacy & empathy

• Biology• Genetic basis?

Page 4: Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)

DisorderWhat does it mean to have a disorder?

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Disorder?

• Definition• “Pattern of behavior or experience that is distressing and painful to the

person, that leads to disability or impairment in important life domains (work, marriage/relationship difficulties), and is associated with increased risk for further suffering, loss of function, death, or confinement.”• Amer. Psychiatric Association (2000)

Page 6: Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)

Disorder? (cont’d)

• Abnormality• Is there consensus on what is normal?

• Importance of context

• Definition:• “Whatever is different from normal is abnormal”

• Psychologist:• Incongruence between behavior and circumstances = disorder

• DSM• > 200 mental “disorders”

• Can’t just look it up in the book…

Page 7: Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)

Disorder? (cont’d)

• Abnormality, as applied to personality

• Def. Personality Disorder• According to DSM-IV-TR

• An enduring pattern of experience and behaviour that differs greatly from the expectations of the individual’s culture.

Page 8: Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)
Page 9: Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)

The Different Disorders

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The Personality Disorders

• The Eccentric Cluster• Schizoid Personality Disorder

• Schizotypal

• Paranoid

• The Erratic Cluster• Antisocial

• Borderline

• Histrionic

• Narcissistic

• The Anxious Cluster• Avoidant

• Dependent

• OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)

Page 11: Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)

The Personality Disorders

• Common to all (see your notes):

• Don’t forget:1. Culture

2. Age

3. Gender

• Now, on to the good stuff…

Page 12: Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)

Eccentric Cluster

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Eccentric - Schizoid

• Schizoid = “schism”• “Split” or “division”

• Split off (detached) from normal social relations

• No need for - friendships/intimate relationships

• Hobbies:• Example – stamp collecting

• Solitary jobs

• Little pleasure from:• Bodily/sensory experiences• E.g., eating/sex

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Eccentric - Schizotypal

• Acutely uncomfortable in social relationships

• Esp. w/ strangers

• Why?• Very suspicious of others

• Can’t trust

• Can’t relax in presence of others

• Odd/eccentric

• Superstitious/magic

• Unusual perceptions – bordering on hallucinations

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Eccentric - Paranoid

• Other two – “uncomfortable w/ others”

• Paranoid = sees constant threat from others.

• Others want to exploit & deceive them

• Misinterprets social events• Takes things waayyyy too personal

• Another feature:• Pathological jealousy

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Erratic ClusterCan be unpredictable, violent, and ultra-emotional

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Erratic - Antisocial

• Ahhh… APD (antisocial personality disorder)

• General disregard for others

• Cares very little for:• Rights• Feelings• Happiness

• Of others.

• Established pattern:• Childhood behavioural problems

• Can lead to APD

• Antisocial = lack of concern for social norms.

• Other features:• Repeated lying• Impulsivity• Easily irritated

• Can respond with aggression

• Irresponsible• Easily bored• Monotony/routine is stressful

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Erratic – Antisocial (cont’d)

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Erratic – Antisocial (cont’d)

• Inside the mind of Anders Breivik

• Charles Manson

• Well-known (somewhat) APD’s• Caution with the source

• A decent slideshow (slideshare.net)• If time….

• Related – Psychopathy• Read in book

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Erratic - Borderline

• Key feature:

• Instability:• Relationships

• Behaviour

• Emotions

• Self-image

• Relationships:• Intense

• Emotional

• Potentially violent

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Erratic - Histrionic

• Key features:• Excessive attention seeking

• Emotionality

• Reading:• A case of Histrionic Personality

Disorder

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Erratic - Narcissistic

• Key:

• Strong:• Need to be admired

• Sense of self-importance

• Lack of insight into feelings of others

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Anxious ClusterBehaviors with intent to avoid anxiety

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Anxious – Avoidant

• Hmm… let me guess…

• This person constructs a behavioral repertoire to avoid anxiety…

• Key features:

• Pervasive:• Feelings of inadequacy

• Sensitivity to criticism

Page 26: Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)

Anxious - Dependent

• This is the other extreme:

• Excessive need to be taken care of:• Nurtured

• Coddled

• Told what to do

• Submissive

• Avoids disagreements

Page 27: Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)

Anxious – OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder) • Key:

• Order• Perfection• Very high standards for

themselves• Devotion to work in lieu of:

• Friendships• Leisure

• Miserly

• Stingy

• The case of Rita (if time)

Page 28: Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)

Prevalence of Disorders

Page 29: Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)

Prevalence

• Total about 13%

• Comorbidity• Bet. 25 & 50%

Page 30: Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)

Prevalence – Gender Differences

• Overall prevalence is fairly equal

• APD most disparate gender diff• 1 out of 20 adult men

• Less than 1 out of 100 women

Page 31: Personality Disorders - Personality – Personality and ...personality.clgore.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/10PersDisord.pdf · •The Personality Disorders •Cluster A (Eccentric)

Causes of Disorders

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Causes

• BPD = Environmental• Poor attachment in childhood

• Chaotic home in childhood

• Schizotypal = Genetic

• APD• A whole mix

• Abused as children

• Drug abuse

• Genetic links