Transcript
PerceptionHow we interpret our world
IB Learning Outcomes
C9- With reference to relevant research
studies, to what extent is one cognitive
process reliable?
Key-Terms:
Bottom-Up and Top-Down processing
Which Ball is Bigger?
How do you know?
What is Perception?The process by which the brain organizes and
interprets sensory information.
Takes in sensory information from our outside world and
gives it meaning.
Sensory Receptors
1. Information collected through the Eyes, Ears,
Nose, Skin, Tongue (Sensory Receptors).
2. Information processed in the brain.
Visual Cues
Distance & Size (Depth)
Boundaries & Edges
Figures & Backgrounds
Color & Shading (Texture)
Placement
Others?
How I Perceive Annie the
Anniversary Dog
Types of Processing
Bottom-Up Processing
Top-Down Processing
Bottom-Up Processing
Data Driven Processing
Processing incoming individual pieces of
sensory data and constructing them into a
whole. (Parts into Whole)
Starting point of perception.
Bottom-Up Processing Example
Bottom-Up Perception
Lets break it down…
Thousands of Yellow and Brown Lego Bricks
Blades of grass
Fences
A crowd of people in the background
Start with a pile of legos at the Bottom (Individual
elements) and you must build them Up (Whole)
Top-Down Processing
Knowledge/Context/Hypothesis Driven
Processing
Processing based on our knowledge about the
world.
We perceive what we are expecting to perceive
Schema Theory
A mental representation of knowledge stored in the
brain. A Schema can be seen as a network of
knowledge, beliefs, and expectations about
particular aspects of the world.
We use our schemas to help us process
information from our environments and they
impact how we interpret that information.
Top-Down Processing
Optical IllusionsHow does Bottom-Up and Top-Down
processing help explain the following
illusions?
Group 1
Group 2
What do you see?
Perceptual Sets
Perceptual Sets: Sets formed when
expectations influence perceptions
Perceptual Sets
top related