Perception pp

PerceptionHow we interpret our world

IB Learning Outcomes

C9- With reference to relevant research

studies, to what extent is one cognitive

process reliable?

Key-Terms:

Bottom-Up and Top-Down processing

Which Ball is Bigger?

How do you know?

What is Perception?The process by which the brain organizes and

interprets sensory information.

Takes in sensory information from our outside world and

gives it meaning.

Sensory Receptors

1. Information collected through the Eyes, Ears,

Nose, Skin, Tongue (Sensory Receptors).

2. Information processed in the brain.

Visual Cues

Distance & Size (Depth)

Boundaries & Edges

Figures & Backgrounds

Color & Shading (Texture)

Placement

Others?

How I Perceive Annie the

Anniversary Dog

Types of Processing

Bottom-Up Processing

Top-Down Processing

Bottom-Up Processing

Data Driven Processing

Processing incoming individual pieces of

sensory data and constructing them into a

whole. (Parts into Whole)

Starting point of perception.

Bottom-Up Processing Example

Bottom-Up Perception

Lets break it down…

Thousands of Yellow and Brown Lego Bricks

Blades of grass

Fences

A crowd of people in the background

Start with a pile of legos at the Bottom (Individual

elements) and you must build them Up (Whole)

Top-Down Processing

Knowledge/Context/Hypothesis Driven

Processing

Processing based on our knowledge about the

world.

We perceive what we are expecting to perceive

Schema Theory

A mental representation of knowledge stored in the

brain. A Schema can be seen as a network of

knowledge, beliefs, and expectations about

particular aspects of the world.

We use our schemas to help us process

information from our environments and they

impact how we interpret that information.

Top-Down Processing

Optical IllusionsHow does Bottom-Up and Top-Down

processing help explain the following

illusions?

Group 1

Group 2

What do you see?

Perceptual Sets

Perceptual Sets: Sets formed when

expectations influence perceptions

Perceptual Sets