Parts of Speech ELA 9. This is a naming word. It names a person, place, thing, or idea Martin Luther King Jr. Lamborghini knowledgecomputer New York.
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This is a naming word. It names a person, place, thing, or idea
Martin Luther King Jr.
Lamborghini
knowledge computer
New York
NounsNounsCommon Noun Proper Noun superhero Batman
river Mississippi River
holiday Fourth of July
religion Buddhism
city London
composer Ludwig van Beethoven
car Volvo
NounsNounsSingular Noun
• When a noun means only one.
Plural Noun• A plural form of a
noun names more than one. It usually ends with s or es.Singular Plural
lamp lamps
box boxes
butterfly butterflies
Irregular PluralIrregular Plural
goose - geeseman - menmouse - mice
Recognize a concrete noun when you see one.One class of nouns is concrete. You can experience this group of nouns with your five senses: you see them, hear them, smell them, taste them, and feel them.
See Hear Smell Taste Touch
Bread Juice Music
Fish Perfume Cake
Car Water Pizza
Emotions/FeelingsEmotions/Feelings • Love
• Anger
• Sympathy
States/AttributesStates/Attributes• Loyalty
• Beauty
• Pain
In many cases these types of nouns are derived from an addition of a suffix or alteration in the root word. Child is a concrete noun, for example, but childhood is an intangible state, so it is abstract.
Nouns with the following suffixes are often abstract:-tion -ism -ity -ment -ness -age -ance/-ence -ship -ability -acy
THE POSSESSIVE FORM OF NOUNSThe possessive form is used with nouns referring to people, groups of people, countries,
and animals. 'Belonging to' or 'ownership' is one of the relationships it expresses :John owns a car. ('John' is the possessor or owner)
It is John's car.
For names ending in -s:In speaking we add the sound /ª z/ to the name, but in writing it looks like this s’.
James' shop.
Examples:The car of John = John's car.
The room of the girls = The girls' room.Clothes for men = Men's jobs.
The sister of Charles = Charles' sister.The boat of the sailors = The sailors' boat.
This is used instead of a noun to avoid repeating the noun
•These [pancakes sitting here now on my plate] are delicious.
You're going to wear these?
Pronouns take the place of nouns.Pronouns take the place of nouns. The word or phrase replaced by a pronoun is called an antecedentantecedent.
Halloween is one of America's holidays. It is celebrated in October. (HalloweenHalloween is a noun. ItIt is a pronoun that refers to the antecedent, Halloween.)
First Person: the person or people speaking or writing
Second Person: the person or people being spoken or written to
Third Person: the person, people, or things being spoken or written about
Singular Plural
I we me us
you you
she, her theyhe, him them it
This shows an action or state of being
State of being
be
like
own
Action
do
break
walk
Action Verbs
•Action verbs are something that a person or thing can do may be used alone as the main verb of a sentence e.g. run, jump, reach, swim, walked, fell etc.
•Action verbs can also be actions you can't see such as 'thought' or ‘wanted’.
•Action verbs can be time-telling verbs. They tell when something takes place - in the present, in the future or in the past
The words are action verbs:
ran
coughed
rideawake
swallowed
sang
Linking Verbs
Linking verbs act as an equals (=) sign in the sentence. The subject is not doing anything. Instead, it is or is like something else in the sentenceLinking verbs tell us that the subject has a word in the predicate that renames it (a noun) or describes it (an adjective)In other words, they are equal
maymightmust
bebeingbeenamareiswaswere
(main)
dodoesdid
(main)
shouldcouldwould
havehadhas
(main)
willcanshall
23 Helping VerbsA helping verb works with a main verb to help you understand
what action is taking place.
Elmer was usingwas using the computer.
Other things to keep in mind: Not every sentence will have a helping verb with the main verb.
When you see an "ing" verb such as "running", be on the lookout for a helping verb also.
• Happy
• Tall
• Cold
• Sticky
• Colossal
• Ugly
This describes a noun. It tells you something about the noun
Comparative Adjectives
How to Use Comparative Adjectives
Comparative adjectives let you compare one thing to another.
Some adjectives add -er
John is taller than Jim.
Comparative AdjectivesHow to Use Comparative Adjectives
Some adjectives use more
Marching Band is more interesting than sports.
With some adjectives, you can do both!
This describes a noun. It tells you something about the noun
The Superlative!
The superlative shows that something is the most.
Juan is the strongest guy in the class.
This describes a noun. It tells you something about the noun
The Superlative!
Some adjectives add -est
John is the strongest.
This describes a noun. It tells you something about the noun
The Superlative!
Some adjectives use most
History is the most interesting classAgain…with some adjectives, you can do both!
This usually describes a verb, it tells you how something is done, or when/where something happened.
Many adverbs are made by adding –ly
onto the end of an adjective.
Kind
The boy kindly carried the old lady’s bags.
It was strangely quiet in the village.
Strange
An adverb tells you more
about a verb (doing word)
It tells you where, why, or how
much something happens or is done.
Adverbs can also tell you when something happens.
Our friends arrived yesterday.
The holidays will soon be over.
Examples of adverbs and what they do:
David was extremely grumpy.Extremely describeshow grumpy David was.
The runner easily finished first.Easily describes how the runner finished the race.
Jose, my oldest brother, drove slowly by his girlfriend’s house.
Slowly describeshow the brotherdrove the car.
This usually comes before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase. It joins the noun to some other part of the sentence.
Picture It Clip Art Preposition Example
to "He carried the rubbish to the bin."
down "He skied down the mountain."
off "The man ran off the cliff."
into "The man poured the sand into the timer.
aboard about above across after against along alongside amid amidst among amongst around asaside at athwart atop barring before behind
below beneath besidebesides between beyond but by circa concerning despite down during except failing following for from in inside into
like mid minus nearnext notwithstanding of off on onto opposite out outside over pace past per plus regarding round save
sincethan through throughout till times to toward towards under underneath unlike until up upon versusvia with within without worth
Coordinating Conjunctions
and but or yet for nor so
This joins two words, phrases, or sentences together.
Common Subordinating Conjunctions
afteralthoughasas ifas long asas thoughbecausebeforeeven ifeven though
ifif onlyin order thatnow thatoncerather thansinceso thatthanthat
thoughtillunlessuntilwhenwheneverwherewhereaswhereverwhile
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