Ouachita Fertilizer
Post on 02-Feb-2016
70 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Transcript
1
Ouachita Fertilizer
Wheat 2005/2006
2
Ouachita Commitment to you
Increase yieldsLower CostsHelp solve those production
problems that limit profitability
3
U.S Wheat Situation: Winter Wheat Acres
4
Harvested US Wheat in 2005
5
U.S Wheat Situation: Less Carryover
USDA Wheat Ending Stocks (06/ 10/ 05)
568507
376444
722
946 950876
777
491 546 527619
100
300
500
700
900
1100
93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 J un
04-05
J un
05-06
Mill
ion
Bu
6
U.S Wheat Situation
Planted and harvested acres are going down
Demand is stable USDA average farm price for wheat =
$3.40 per bushel in 2004 & 2005 Prices should be similar in 2006
7
CBOT Prices Since 2001
8
Wheat Price July 2006
9
Lowering Costs with Wheat
$1.50
$1.90
$2.30
$2.70
$3.10
50 Bu 60 bu 70 Bu 80 Bu
U. Of Arkansas, July, 2005
$/B
u. To P
roduce
a B
ush
el of
Wh
eat
The value of higher yields from DSS…
10
Ouachita Commitment to you
Increase yieldsLower CostsHelp solve those production
problems that limit profitabilityCan DSS improve yields to lower
costs and increase profitability?
11
Summary of 2005
Delta Smart Systems – 1,158 acres in 2004– 2,078 acres in 2005
Satellite Weather Station in Monroe in 2004 & we added Moreauville for 2005
12
Summary of 2005
Disease Samples:2004 = 62005 = 16Field Inspections:2004 = 2712005 = 563Plant Analysis:10 samples in 200421 samples in 2005
13
Summary of 2005
Produced two wheat newsletters describing the key steps to produce 80 bushel/acre wheat.
Produced four updates during the growing season to keep growers informed of crop situation
14
Wheat Yields: 2004 & 2005
Yieldsbu./acre
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005%
change 04-05
LA 53 50 40 41 50 46 -8.0%
ARK 54 52 46 50 53 50 -5.7%
Miss 55 52 44 49 53 48 -9.4%
OFC 59 66 11.9%
Acres in DSS improved yields from 2004 to 2005 while the market produced less…
15
Wheat Weather 04-05
GDU/month MONROE 2002 2003 2004 2005
Average 02 to
042005 vs.
3 yr. avg.
October 715 755 767 874 761 14.9%
November 600 334 537 534 436 22.7%
December 406 213 168 227 191 19.2%
January 309 96 220 310 158 96.3%
February 250 169 143 317 156 103.4%
March 492 469 632 462 550 -16.1%
April 775 721 688 702 704 -0.4%
May 879 923 892 846 907 -6.8%
Total GDUs 4427 3678 4047 4271 3862 10.6%
16
Wheat Weather 04-05
Rain/month MONROE 2002 2003 2004 2005
Average 02 to
04
2005 vs. 3 yr.
avg.
October 4.6 7.0 2.5 8.8 4.8 84.5%
November 7.6 4.1 7.3 13.3 5.7 133.0%
December 9.0 6.3 7.6 5.8 7.0 -17.4%
January 5.5 0.3 5.4 5.3 2.9 83.0%
February 2.7 6.7 10.5 5.4 8.6 -37.3%
March 6.2 2.0 8.0 4.5 5.0 -9.0%
April 2.7 4.1 4.9 5.5 4.5 21.8%
May 1.0 7.1 11.2 4.8 9.1 -48.0%
Total rainfall 39.2 37.5 57.5 53.2 47.5 12.0%
17
Wheat Weather 04-05
N/D/J/F was much warmer in the 2005 crop than the previous three years; 1388 vs. 940 GDU.– Lower populations could tiller – Crop advanced: wheat needed N before we were
ready; end of Feb in ’05 was equal to end of March M/A/M tempt were about equal. November was 2-3 X wetter than the average. Total moisture was a little more than average.
18
What it told us in 2005?– From October through January we accumulated
400 more heat units than the average for this period, (25% more).
– In the same time period we received 13 inches additional rain fall than average (65% more).
Why it is important? “Nitrogen Timing“!– “Normal” Top Dress time on Wheat is Mid-late
February. In 2005 we had to apply in Mid January.
Wheat Weather 04-05
19
Ouachita Commitment to you
Increase yieldsLower CostsHelp solve those production
problems that limit profitability
20
Fall Wheat Recommendations
Variety SelectionSeed TreatmentField ConsiderationsPlanting SuccessFertilizer SolutionsBugsWeeds
65% of your yields will be determined when the planting is finished
21
Variety Selections: wheat
Considerations Vernalization requirement determines
appropriate planting date for each variety.– exposure to cold temperatures
Heading Day (harvest) determines when crop is ready to harvest.
Varieties heading after April 9th (100 day) were 4 bu./acre below plot average in 2004 if planted late
Resistance to disease and virus (septoria and rust)
Test weight
22
Variety Selections: wheat
Example from 2005: Varieties that have longer cold weather
requirements planted on October 12th yielded 74 bushels /acre
Varieties with shorter cold weather requirements planted on November 9th yielded 77 bushels /acre
23
Variety Recommendations
Early to mid-October planting– Coker 9663
Mid to late October planting– Natchez
Early November planting– Terrell LA841
24
Coker 9663 (Syngenta)
Highest yield in DSS when planted in October
Tall, with awnlet (bearded for varmints).
Moderately resistant to leaf rust, Septoria, and stem rust.
Resistant to Hessian fly. (can plant early)
25
Natchez (Agripro)
Highest yielding DSS variety in 2004 Second highest DSS variety in 2005 Moderately resistant to leaf and stripe
rust Very good soil virus resistance Very good resistance to glume blotch
and septoria leaf blotch Very good tillering (less seed/acre)
26
LA 841 (Terrell Seeds)
Highest yield in DSS when planted in early November
Excellent test weights Very good adaptation across all soil
types Some resistance to Septoria leaf, glume
blotch and excellent resistance to rust Moderately tolerant to Sencor Do not plant early
27
Seeding Rates
– 1.2 million seeds per acre gives the highest yield when planted in October
– 1.4 million seeds per acre gives the highest yield when planted in November
28
Seeding Rates
13 seeds/ft. ( 1.2 M seeds) At 12,000 seeds/lb = 100 lbs/acre At 14,000 seeds/lb = 86 lbs/acre At 16,000 seeds/lb = 75 lbs/acre
18 seeds/ft. ( 1.4 M seeds) At 12,000 seeds/lb = 116 lbs/acre At 14,000 seeds/lb = 100 lbs/acre At 16,000 seeds/lb = 87 lbs/acre
29
Seed Treatments
Treating wheat seed generated eight bushels more than non-treated in 2005.
Seed Treatments adds about 1.1 bushels of wheat per acre to the investment.
6.9 bushels more profit X $3.40 per bushel = $23 more profit per acre.
67
59
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
Seed trt. No Trt
30
Seed Treatments
Infection is greatest when wheat is : Planted in wet, compacted soils Planted in fields with low in phosphorus
availability Planted in fields previously cropped to
corn or rice. Soil moisture is very wet or very dry. Use either Dividend Extreme or Raxil MD
Extra
31
Field Considerations
Drainage: keep water away– In 2005 DSS, lower CEC soils out yielded
higher CEC soils by as much as 12 bu. Take-all: rotate crops Ryegrass: control early Hessian Fly: plant after free date Spindle Streak: variety
32
Cereals Need a Firm Seedbed
Loose soil means poor depth control
33
Seeding Depth is Key
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1" 1.5" 2" 2.5" 3"
GDU Germ GDU Emerge Planting too deep causes delayed emergence. Delayed emergence lowers yields.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
D1-3 D4-7 D8-10
Bu.
/ A
Wheat Yields by Emergence
Oregon State U., 1984
34
Seeding Depth is Key
35
Wheat Fertility
Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium Sulfur Zinc
36
Wheat Fertility: 2004
GS 5 2004 Wheat Plant Analysis
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
N S P K Mg Ca B Zn Mn Cu
average of all GS 5samples
•Summary of GS5 plant tissue samples in 2004
•Nitrogen, sulfur and zinc were most limiting yields
DSS, 2004
37
Wheat Fertility: 2005
GS 5 2005 Wheat Plant Analysis
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
N S P K Mg Ca B Zn Mn Cu
2005 avg.
Nitrogen, sulfur and zinc are most limiting yields (again)
38
Wheat Fertility
Value of Fall N on Wheat Tillers
3.9
2.8
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
35# N 0# N
Till
ers
/ pl
ant
Arkansas, 2003
Counted at GS5: More tillers per plant means more wheat
39
Wheat Fertility
Nitrogen is most critical*:– When planting after corn, rice,
sorghum or cotton– When planting after October 20th
– When planting after a wet summer. (low soil residual)
* Univ. of Arkansas, 2003
40
Wheat Fertility
Nitrogen was more critical in 2005 because of accelerated heat units forcing the plant to grow.GDU/
month MONROE 2002 2003 2004 2005
Average 02 to
042005 vs
3 yr. avg
November 600 334 537 534 436 22.7%
December 406 213 168 227 191 19.2%
January 309 96 220 310 158 96.3%
February 250 169 143 317 156 103.4%
Total GDUs 1407 816 1014 1241 915 35.6%
41
Wheat Fertility
Phosphorous is critical:
– To get wheat root systems developed
– To get wheat tillers produced– To get wheat kernel numbers– To get wheat mature
42
Wheat Fertility
DSS, 2004 & 2005
5548
66
45
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2004 2005
40 lbs. P 0 lbs. P
43
Wheat Fertility
Potassium (potash) is critical:– To get wheat
straw strength (reduces lodging)
– To give 30% greater protection from diseases (see table)
– To get wheat to produce higher yields
Fall Potash lbs/A
Yield Bu/ADisease
Rating
0 65 30
80 73 22
U. Of Arkansas
44
Wheat Fertility
DSS, 2004
62
48
65
45
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2004 2005
60 lbs. K 0 lbs. K
45
Zinc Problem Soils
Zn deficiency was reported for soils:– high and low pH, organic matter– Calcareous, sandy or poorly drained
soils– limed acid soils
Sulfonylurea herbicides (ex: Harmony) reduce Zn uptake.
Low Zn levels will impact varieties differently
46
Zinc and Wheat
Deficient zinc is to the left.
Researchers added zinc in increments going from left to right.
Untreated pot is at left; then rates were added at .5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 lbs. /acre of zinc
47
Wheat Fertility
Low Zinc levels:– Reduce tillering– Stunts the plants– Causes poor flowering and seed set– Produces abnormal grain– Lowers crop production in hot weather
Fall application of zinc is most efficient
48
Wheat Fertility
Sulfur is critical:– For the plant to utilize
nitrogen– Forms protein for
food-grade wheat– Low plant levels
cause small, thin and spindly plants
10 lbs. /acre increased yields by 22 bu./A in DSS data.
67
45
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
10 lbs. S No S
49
Watch for Fall Aphids
Can lower yields by 33%
Can vector virus (barley yellow dwarf)
Can kill tillers (greenbug)
Early planted most vulnerable
Can treat seed with Gaucho or Gaucho XT
Can apply as a postemergence treatment at two to three leaf stage.
50
Wheat Weeds
Identify Beat early in the game Several use two-shot Use Harmony/Sencor (where tolerant) early Very narrow window for 2,4-D (Salvo)
applications – Can only use between fully tillered and
jointing: yield losses of 15 bu./acre when used outside this window
51
Wheat Growth Stages
52
Fall Program for Wheat
Select variety by field, planting window– Understand the “holes” of each variety – Treat the seed (Dividend or Raxil MD Extra)
Plant from 10/12 to 11/12– Early Variety – Coker 9663– Mid Season Variety – AP Natchez or Terral 841– Late Season Variety – Terral 841
Plant 1.2 million – 1.4 million seed/acre Firm the soil and plant 1” deep Apply a minimum of 35-40-60 with 10 lbs. sulfur and 2 lbs of
zinc pre-plant, pre-emergence or early post to add aphid control
Watch for fall aphids/control weeds
53
Ouachita Commitment to you
Increase yieldsLower CostsHelp solve those production
problems that limit profitability
top related