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DISTRICT NOWSHERADISTRICT NOWSHERARESOURCES, PROBLEMSRESOURCES, PROBLEMS& PROSPECTS& PROSPECTS
ByBy Atta Atta--urur--RahmanRahman,, Aamir Aamir HussainHussain
&&Prof. Dr. Mohammad SaidProf. Dr. Mohammad Said
NowsheraNowshera Rural DevelopmentRural Development
FoundationFoundation
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A. A.Geographical Setting:Geographical Setting:Surroundings:Surroundings:
1. Total Area1. Total Area 1748 sq. kms1748 sq. kms
2. Population2. Population 8,74,3738,74,373
3. Density of Population3. Density of Population 500 per sq. km.500 per sq. km.
4. Annual Growth4. Annual Growth 2.9%2.9%
5. Literacy Ratio5. Literacy Ratio 42%42% (60% Male &(60% Male &22% Female)22% Female)
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Surroundings:
Bounded by
Peshawar,
Charsadda,
Mardan &
Swabi Districts;Tribal territory
and Attock
district of the
Punjab
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A. A.Geographical Setting:Geographical Setting:
1. Total Area1. Total Area 1748 sq. kms1748 sq. kms
2. Population2. Population 8,74,3738,74,373
3. Density of Population3. Density of Population 500 per sq. km.500 per sq. km.
4. Annual Growth4. Annual Growth 2.9%2.9%
5. Literacy Ratio5. Literacy Ratio 42%42% (60% Male &(60% Male &22% Female)22% Female)
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6. Rural Population.6. Rural Population. 6,47,343 (74%)6,47,343 (74%)
7. Urban7. Urban 2,27,030 (26%)2,27,030 (26%)
8. Population of Major Urban centres8. Population of Major Urban centres
Nowshera KalanNowshera Kalan 56,57656,576 Risalpur Cantt.Risalpur Cantt. 31,41631,416
Nowshera Cantt.Nowshera Cantt. 33, 23733, 237
PabbiPabbi 31,15331,153
JehangiraJehangira 31,11531,115 Amangarh Amangarh 21,47621,476
Akora Khattak Akora Khattak 19,53019,530
Cherat Cantt.Cherat Cantt. 2,5272,527
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NATURAL REGIONSNATURAL REGIONS
1. Khattak Highlands1. Khattak Highlands2. Piedmont Plains2. Piedmont Plains3. River Plains3. River Plains
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B.B. Natural RegionsNatural Regions
1.1. Khattak Highlands:Khattak Highlands: East East--west alignment west alignment
Height 1000Height 1000--2000m.2000m.
SoilSoil generally rocky without any soil cover.generally rocky without any soil cover. Cold Winters and Warm summer; RainfallCold Winters and Warm summer; Rainfall
630mm (Cherat)630mm (Cherat)
Scattered distribution of SpringsScattered distribution of Springs
Very Sparsely Populated Very Sparsely Populated
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2.2. Piedmont Plains:Piedmont Plains:
Distribution: on both sides of KhattakDistribution: on both sides of KhattakMountains.Mountains.
Width, 5Width, 5--20 km.20 km.
CompositionComposition--Alluvial fans joined together, Alluvial fans joined together,
cut by torrents.cut by torrents. SoilsSoils-- gravelly loamy.gravelly loamy.
Mild Winter and hot summer; RainfallMild Winter and hot summer; Rainfall500mm500mm
Scattered pockets of agricultural landScattered pockets of agricultural landdependent on raindependent on rain
Sparsely PopulatedSparsely Populated
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3. River Plains:3. River Plains:
Along Kabul & Indus Rivers. Along Kabul & Indus Rivers. WidthWidth-- 1 km to 30 km.1 km to 30 km.
Soils: Alluvium.Soils: Alluvium.
Mild winter and very hot summer;Mild winter and very hot summer;rainfall 597mm (Risalpur)rainfall 597mm (Risalpur)
Partly flooded in summer.Partly flooded in summer.
High WaterHigh Water--table.table.
Intensive Agriculture.Intensive Agriculture.
Densely PopulatedDensely Populated
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C. KHATTAK UPLANDS &C. KHATTAK UPLANDS &
PIEDMONT PLAINSPIEDMONT PLAINS1. Paleo1. Paleo--environment:environment:
Subtropical Forests on Mountains, withSubtropical Forests on Mountains, with
patches of Pinepatches of Pine
Scrubs and Pastures on Piedmont Plains.Scrubs and Pastures on Piedmont Plains.
DeepDeep--Soil cover.Soil cover.
Abundant Perennial springs. Abundant Perennial springs. Settlements.Settlements.
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2. Economy of the Past2. Economy of the Past
11. Tree. Tree--cuttingcutting
a. Timber for construction.a. Timber for construction.b. Fire woodb. Fire wood
For domestic useFor domestic use
For Railway locomotivesFor Railway locomotives
c. Charcoalc. Charcoal For cookingFor cooking
For cottage industriesFor cottage industries
d. Animal grazing
Dairy products: Milk, Butter & GheeDairy products: Milk, Butter & Ghee
MeatMeat
Skin & hidesSkin & hides
WoolWool
e. Dry farming, with pockets irrigated by springs &e. Dry farming, with pockets irrigated by springs &
torrentstorrents
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3. Environmental Changes in3. Environmental Changes in
the20
th Centurythe20
th Century1. Massive Deforestation due to the1. Massive Deforestation due to theintroduction of railways in 1880s.introduction of railways in 1880s.
2. Forest survives:2. Forest survives:
In Reserves: Cherat Cantonment and Khwara areaIn Reserves: Cherat Cantonment and Khwara area Around Holy Shrines: Bahadar Baba, Mast Baba & Around Holy Shrines: Bahadar Baba, Mast Baba &
Ghalib BabaGhalib Baba
3. Soil Erosion3. Soil Erosion
Making barren landscapeMaking barren landscape Producing badland topographyProducing badland topography
4. Fall in Water table: Impact on water level in4. Fall in Water table: Impact on water level inwellswells
5. Drying of spring: Impact on water supply5. Drying of spring: Impact on water supply
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4. Impact of Environmental4. Impact of Environmental
ChangesChangesa. Migration of people to the nearest a. Migration of people to the nearest urban centres:urban centres: NowsheraNowshera
PabbiPabbi Akora Khattak Akora Khattak JehangiraJehangira Amangarh Amangarh
b. Abandoned settlementsb. Abandoned settlements
Villages & Hamlets i.e. Miangano Ghari & Villages & Hamlets i.e. Miangano Ghari &othersothers
Houses i.e. Ziarat Kaka Sahib & othersHouses i.e. Ziarat Kaka Sahib & others Resulting in decrease in populationResulting in decrease in population
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5. What should be done?5. What should be done?
1. Afforestation1. Afforestation Forest trees and scrubs:Forest trees and scrubs:
Olea, Accacia, Reptonia, Zizaphus Capparis,Olea, Accacia, Reptonia, Zizaphus Capparis,
Tamarix, Prosopis & DodoniaTamarix, Prosopis & Dodonia Grafting of Olive treesGrafting of Olive trees
Planting of fruit treesPlanting of fruit trees
OliveOlive Almond Almond
BerryBerry
ReptoniaReptonia
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22.. ConstructionConstruction ofof damsdams onon
torrents,torrents, onon followingfollowing sitessites:: JarobaJaroba
DakDak IsmailIsmail KhelKhel
JabbaJabba MaharajiMaharaji
BhadarBhadar KhelKhel
PeeranPeeran
ZiaratZiarat GulGul DheriDheri
PitaoePitaoe
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LOCATION OF DAMS SITES
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Dak Ismail Khel
Jabba
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Bhadar Khel
Maharaji
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Gul Dheri
Ziarat
Peeran
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Pitaoe
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3. Utilization of Dams:3. Utilization of Dams: Irrigation of Piedmont PlainIrrigation of Piedmont Plain
Drinking water for settlementsDrinking water for settlements
Tourist sites near Urban centersTourist sites near Urban centers
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4. Digging of tube wells4. Digging of tube wells For irrigation & drinking waterFor irrigation & drinking water
5. Taping spring water.5. Taping spring water. For drinking waterFor drinking water
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THANK YOUTHANK YOU
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