New Herbicide Technologies for Roadside Vegetation Management
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New Herbicide Technologies for Roadside Vegetation
Management
Patrick McCullough, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
University of Georgia
indaziflam • Trade Name: Esplanade
– Cellulose synthesis inhibitor – Similar to isoxaben
• Use – Preemergence, 3.5 to 7 oz/acre – Warm-season grasses only
• Excellent activity on grassy and broadleaf weeds
• Tool for resistance management
Preemergence Herbicide Rates
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Indaziflam Dithiopyr Prodiamine Oxadiazon
Low Rate High Rate
Rat
e (lb
s a.
i./ac
re)
prodiamine indaziflam
Photo: 4/24/14
Esplanade (3.5 oz/acre) + NIS Treated 11/7/2013 in Bermudagrass
Esplanade + Milestone (3.5 + 5 oz/acre) + NIS Treated 9/11/2013 in Bermudagrass
Picture: 4/17/2014
Esplanade at 2.5 oz/acre Pictures: Jan. 20, 2011
October application November application
Buckhorn Plantain (1 MAT)
Roundup + Milestone
Roundup + Milestone+ Esplanade
1 MAT
Nontreated Esplanade (indaziflam)
Nontreated
indaziflam
27 g ai/ha 54 g ai/ha 108 g ai/ha
Buckhorn Plantain Control 9 WAT (2013 + 2014)
0
20
40
60
80
100
2,4-D 2,4-D + dicamba +
MCPP
fluroxypyr metsulfuron simazine
Indaziflam at 0 g ai/ha Indaziflam at 55 g ai/ha
Control (%) *
*
*
*
*Significant at P = 0.05
Esplanade + Milestone (5 + 5 oz/acre) + NIS Treated 9/11/2013 in Bermudagrass
Picture: 4/17/2014
Bermudagrass Release 4 MAT, 2012 (Spring Timing)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Milestone Milestone + Esplanade
Pastora Perspective Plateau Nontreated
Ber
mud
agra
ss C
over
(%
)
LSD = 14
Bermudagrass Release 4 MAT, 2012 (Summer Timing)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Milestone Milestone + Esplanade
Pastora Perspective Plateau Nontreated
Ber
mud
agra
ss C
over
(%
)
LSD = 12
Esplanade + Milestone (3.5 + 5 oz/acre) + NIS Treated 9/18/2013 in Tall Fescue
Picture: 4/17/2014
Dinitroaniline Resistant Goosegrass Control Griffin, GA (9/19/11)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Esplanade (indaziflam)
Ronstar Barricade
LSD = 32
Control (%)
3.75 oz/acre 2x 2 lb ai/acre 2x 0.65 lb ai/acre 2x
• DuraZone – Indaziflam + glyphosate – Homeowner product
Durazone 7 DAT
Esplanade Summary
• Efficacious PRE herbicide
– Early POST herbicide
– Excellent tank-mix partner with POST herbicides to
enhance weed control
– Resistance management
• Recommendations
– Use 3.5 to 5 oz/acre with Milestone or Milestone + Accord
in late fall/early winter for ryegrass control and winter weed
control
Derigo
• New herbicide from Bayer
– Released in 2015
– Product available soon
• Contains three ALS inhibitors
– Thiencarbazone-methyl (36.4%)
– Foramsulfuron-sodium (24%)
– Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium (2.4%)
Dallisgrass Control - October 21
Tribute Total 3.24 oz 8-15 & 9-26-11 24 DALT
McCarty, CU
Untreated
Derigo for Use in Roadsides
• Potential new tool for roadside managers
– MSMA replacement?
• Enhance competition of roadside turfgrass with
weeds
• Growth regulation of grasses to improve visibility
and safety of roadsides
Johnsongrass Control with Derigo Application: 6/21/13
Photo: 7/17/13
Nontreated Derigo 3 oz/acre
12 WAT
Derigo 3 oz/acre (16 WAT)
Photo: 4/24/14
Indaziflam + Derigo Applied 11/2/13
Nontreated Derigo 2 oz/acre
Derigo 3 oz/acre Derigo 4 oz/acre
6 WAT Treatment: June 11, 2013
0
20
40
60
80
100
Derigo 1.5 Derigo 3 Derigo 4 imazapic 3 sulfometuron 1
2 WAT 12 WAT
Control (%)
Herbicide Rate (oz/acre)
Bahiagrass Seedhead Control (2013)
Bahiagrass Seedhead Control (2013)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Derigo 1.5 Derigo 3 Derigo 4 imazapic 3 sulfometuron 1
2 WAT 12 WAT
* *
Control (%)
Herbicide Rate (oz/acre)
Bahiagrass Vegetation Height (12 WAT, 2013)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Nontreated Derigo 1.5 Derigo 3 Derigo 4 imazapic 3 sulfometuron 1
Heigh
t (cm
)
Herbicide Rate (oz/acre)
LSD = 7
Bahiagrass Seedhead Control (12 WAT, 2014)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Derigo 1.5 Derigo 2 Derigo 3 Derigo 4 imazapic 3 sulfometuron 53
Con
trol
(%
)
Herbicide Rate (oz/acre)
Catsear Dandelion Control (12 WAT, 2014)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Derigo 1.5 Derigo 2 Derigo 3 Derigo 4 imazapic 3 sulfometuron 1
Control (%)
Herbicide Rate (oz/acre)
LSD = 30
Broomsedge and Vaseygrass
Broomsedge Control (12 WAT) Treatment applied 6/14/2013
0
20
40
60
80
100
Derigo 76 Derigo 102 Derigo 127 imazapic 70 Pastora 75 MSMA 2240
NIS MSO
Herbicide Rate (g ai/ha)
Control (%)
LSD = 11
Vaseygrass Control (12 WAT) Treatment applied 6/25/2013
0
20
40
60
80
100
Derigo 76 Derigo 115 Derigo 153 imazapic 70 Pastora 75
NIS MSO
Herbicide Rate (g ai/ha)
Control (%)
LSD = 30
Derigo Efficacy on Weeds Evaluated
Derigo at 3 oz/acre
• Good (80 to 89%) to excellent (90 to 100%)
– Catsear dandelion, tall fescue, buckhorn plantain, and
bahiagrass seedheads
• Fair control (70 to 79%)
– Vaseygrass
• Poor control
– Broomsedge
Derigo Research at UGA (2012-2014)
• Strengths
– Broadleaf weeds and fescue control for bermudagrass release in
spring
– Growth regulation of bahiagrass plus weed control
– Suppression/control of vaseygrass
• Potential uses for roadsides
– Seedhead control and vegetation suppression
– Use in sequential programs with MSMA for vaseygrass control
Derigo Summary
• Good herbicide for problem weed control
– Grassy and broadleaf weeds
• Activity on perennial weeds and bahiagrass growth
regulation
• Consider tank-mixtures in areas with history of ALS
inhibitor use (Oust, Plateau, etc.)
Piper (flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone)
• Formulation: Piper 76WG
– Chlorophyll (PPO) synthesis inhibitor + Multiple MOA
• Weeds Controlled
– Flumioxazin: PRE, POST grasses, annual BLWs
– Pyroxasulfone: POST grassy weeds
Photo: 1/6/15 Application: 12/9/14
Piper 76% WG 8 oz/a
Photo: 1/6/15 Application: 12/9/14
Piper 8 oz/a Accord XRT 18 fl oz/a
Matrix at 2 oz/acre Matrix at 2 oz/acre + flumioxazin 0.38 lb ai/acre
1 Month After Treatments
Photo: 7/11/13 Application: 4/16/13
Glyphomax XRT 5.4 lb/gal SL 38 fl oz/ac Piper 76% WG 10 oz/a
Prodiamine 65% WG 2.3 lb/ac
flumioxazin
Trade Name: Payload
Family: N-‐phenylphthalimide derivative
• Mode of action: Chlorophyll (PPO) synthesis inhibitor
• Weeds: Postemergence control of broadleaf and
grassy weeds, short residual but some PRE activity
Payload (flumioxazin) 12 oz/acre 1 Month After Treatment
Smooth Crabgrass Control (189 DAA, 132 DAB) 9/12/11
0
20
40
60
80
100
Sureguard 0.38 lb ai/acre Barricade 0.75 lb ai/acre
Control (%)
LSD = 5
Flumioxazin Applied to Actively Growing Tifway Bermudagrass Treated on 3/16/2012 (1 WAT)
6 oz/acre 12 oz/acre 24 oz/acre
Flumioxazin at 12 oz/acre, Mar. 7, 2011 Picture: August 5, 2011
Centipedegrass Treated with Payload at 12 oz/acre in April
2 WAT 6 WAT
Piper and Payload Summary
• PRE + POST weed control
• Resistance management
• Flumioxazin advantages
– use near water bodies
– Excellent tank-mix partner with POST herbicides
• $45/acre and there is over 700,000 acres
managed by the Georgia DOT.
• Growth regulation costs $12/acre and is used
to replace mowing operations
Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus)
imazapic (Plateau)
• Growth regulation (75 to 200 g ai/ha)
– ALS inhibitor herbicide
– Reduces seedhead height, seedhead number, and
vegetative growth
• Imazapic use in Georgia
– Reduces mowing and saves money on maintenance
– Improves visibility and safety of roadside turf for motorists
Differential growth regulation with imazapic
MSMA
• Very effective on broomsedge
– Not used by DOT since 2000
– Currently has restrictions by EPA
task force
• Highway Right of Ways:
– 2 applications per year
– Buffer restriction by water bodies
Objectives
To evaluate:
• Efficacy of imazapic for growth regulation of
broomsedge and bermudagrass
• ALS enzyme inhibition from imazapic in these
species
• Imazapic use with MSMA for broomsedge control
Bermudagrass
Broomsedge
imazapic (g a.i. ha-1)
0 17.5 35 70 140 280 560 1120
3 WAT
nicosulfuron 98 g ai/ha 2x
nicosulfuron 98 g ai/ha (2x) MSMA at 2 kg ai/ha (2x)
imazapic at 105 g ai/ha (2x) MSMA at 2 kg ai/ha (2x)
imazapic at 105 g ai/ha (2x)
Pictures: June 24, 2014 (8 MAIT)
Broomsedge Control 9 MAIT Pooled over years (2012 + 2013)
0
20
40
60
80
100
imazapic nicosulfuron MSMA + imazapic
MSMA + nicosulfuron
MSMA
Con
trol
(%
)
LSD = 4
Broomsedge Control 12 MAIT Pooled over years (2012 + 2013)
0
20
40
60
80
100
imazapic nicosulfuron MSMA + imazapic
MSMA + nicosulfuron
MSMA
Con
trol
(%
)
LSD = 9
Results and Discussion
Field Experiments
• Imazapic provided no control of broomsedge
• MSMA treatments provided good control (81%) of
broomsedge at 12 MAIT, however tank-mixtures with
imazapic reduced control to 45%
• Antagonism from imazapic was not explained by reduced
absorption or translocation of 14C-MSMA in lab
Recommendations
• Imazapic may release broomsedge on roadsides by
inhibiting competitive growth of bermudagrass.
• MSMA is critical for controlling broomsedge and other
Andropogon species in Georgia roadside turf.
• Recommendations under current MSMA restrictions
– Two applications of 2 lb ai/acre in late summer/fall
– Avoid tank-mixtures of imazapic with MSMA
Resistance
Progression of
Herbicide Resistance
Year 1
Year 2
Year 5
Year 3
Year 4
Alan York, NCSU
Ryegrass in Bermudagrass
Roundup Pro 32 oz/acre
R S
Vaseygrass Control in roadsides: MSMA Imazapic (Plateau) Derigo Pastora (nicosulfuron + metsulfuron) sethoxydim
Nontreated imazapic 18 g ai/ha
sulfometuron 53 g ai/ha nicosulfuron 70 g ai/ha
R S
R S
R S
R S
glyphosate 420 g ae/ha
MSMA 2.2 kg ai/ha
Annual sedge (Cyperus compressus)
Sedgehammer (halosulfuron) at 1.3 oz/acre
ALS-Resistant Sedge Control with MSMA
Acknowledgements
• Seth Williams, Bill Nutt, Henry Jordan, and
Dr. Jialin Yu from UGA for technical support.
• Bayer for supporting this research.
• Georgia Department of Transportation
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