New Herbicide Technologies for Roadside Vegetation Management

New Herbicide Technologies for Roadside Vegetation

Management

Patrick McCullough, Ph.D.

Associate Professor

University of Georgia

indaziflam •  Trade Name: Esplanade

– Cellulose synthesis inhibitor – Similar to isoxaben

•  Use – Preemergence, 3.5 to 7 oz/acre – Warm-season grasses only

•  Excellent activity on grassy and broadleaf weeds

•  Tool for resistance management

Preemergence Herbicide Rates

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Indaziflam Dithiopyr Prodiamine Oxadiazon

Low Rate High Rate

Rat

e (lb

s a.

i./ac

re)

prodiamine indaziflam

Photo: 4/24/14

Esplanade (3.5 oz/acre) + NIS Treated 11/7/2013 in Bermudagrass

Esplanade + Milestone (3.5 + 5 oz/acre) + NIS Treated 9/11/2013 in Bermudagrass

Picture: 4/17/2014

Esplanade at 2.5 oz/acre Pictures:  Jan.  20,  2011    

October  application   November  application  

Buckhorn Plantain (1 MAT)

Roundup + Milestone

Roundup + Milestone+ Esplanade

1 MAT

Nontreated Esplanade (indaziflam)

Nontreated

indaziflam

27 g ai/ha 54 g ai/ha 108 g ai/ha

Buckhorn Plantain Control 9 WAT (2013 + 2014)

0

20

40

60

80

100

2,4-D 2,4-D + dicamba +

MCPP

fluroxypyr metsulfuron simazine

Indaziflam at 0 g ai/ha Indaziflam at 55 g ai/ha

Control  (%)   *

*

*

*

*Significant  at  P  =  0.05  

Esplanade + Milestone (5 + 5 oz/acre) + NIS Treated 9/11/2013 in Bermudagrass

Picture: 4/17/2014

Bermudagrass Release 4 MAT, 2012 (Spring Timing)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Milestone Milestone + Esplanade

Pastora Perspective Plateau Nontreated

Ber

mud

agra

ss C

over

(%

)

LSD = 14

Bermudagrass Release 4 MAT, 2012 (Summer Timing)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Milestone Milestone + Esplanade

Pastora Perspective Plateau Nontreated

Ber

mud

agra

ss C

over

(%

)

LSD = 12

Esplanade + Milestone (3.5 + 5 oz/acre) + NIS Treated 9/18/2013 in Tall Fescue

Picture: 4/17/2014

Dinitroaniline Resistant Goosegrass Control Griffin, GA (9/19/11)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Esplanade (indaziflam)

Ronstar Barricade

LSD  =  32  

Control  (%)  

3.75 oz/acre 2x 2 lb ai/acre 2x 0.65 lb ai/acre 2x

•  DuraZone –  Indaziflam + glyphosate – Homeowner product

Durazone 7 DAT

Esplanade Summary

•  Efficacious PRE herbicide

–  Early POST herbicide

–  Excellent tank-mix partner with POST herbicides to

enhance weed control

–  Resistance management

•  Recommendations

–  Use 3.5 to 5 oz/acre with Milestone or Milestone + Accord

in late fall/early winter for ryegrass control and winter weed

control

Derigo

•  New herbicide from Bayer

–  Released in 2015

–  Product available soon

•  Contains three ALS inhibitors

–  Thiencarbazone-methyl (36.4%)

–  Foramsulfuron-sodium (24%)

–  Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium (2.4%)

Dallisgrass Control - October 21

Tribute Total 3.24 oz 8-15 & 9-26-11 24 DALT

McCarty, CU

Untreated

Derigo for Use in Roadsides

•  Potential new tool for roadside managers

–  MSMA replacement?

•  Enhance competition of roadside turfgrass with

weeds

•  Growth regulation of grasses to improve visibility

and safety of roadsides

Johnsongrass Control with Derigo Application: 6/21/13

Photo: 7/17/13

Nontreated Derigo 3 oz/acre

12 WAT

Derigo 3 oz/acre (16 WAT)

Photo: 4/24/14

Indaziflam + Derigo Applied 11/2/13

Nontreated   Derigo  2  oz/acre  

Derigo  3  oz/acre   Derigo  4  oz/acre  

6  WAT  Treatment:  June  11,  2013  

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

100  

Derigo  1.5   Derigo  3   Derigo  4   imazapic  3     sulfometuron  1  

2  WAT   12  WAT  

Control  (%)  

Herbicide  Rate  (oz/acre)  

Bahiagrass Seedhead Control (2013)

Bahiagrass Seedhead Control (2013)

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

100  

Derigo  1.5   Derigo  3   Derigo  4   imazapic  3     sulfometuron  1  

2  WAT   12  WAT  

* *

Control  (%)  

Herbicide  Rate  (oz/acre)  

Bahiagrass Vegetation Height (12 WAT, 2013)

0  

10  

20  

30  

40  

50  

60  

Nontreated   Derigo  1.5   Derigo  3   Derigo  4   imazapic  3     sulfometuron  1  

Heigh

t  (cm

)  

Herbicide  Rate  (oz/acre)  

LSD = 7

Bahiagrass Seedhead Control (12 WAT, 2014)

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

100  

Derigo  1.5   Derigo  2   Derigo  3   Derigo  4   imazapic  3   sulfometuron  53  

Con

trol

(%

)

Herbicide Rate (oz/acre)

Catsear Dandelion Control (12 WAT, 2014)

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

100  

Derigo  1.5   Derigo  2   Derigo  3   Derigo  4   imazapic  3   sulfometuron  1  

Control  (%)  

Herbicide  Rate  (oz/acre)  

LSD  =  30  

Broomsedge  and  Vaseygrass  

Broomsedge  Control  (12  WAT)  Treatment  applied  6/14/2013  

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

100  

Derigo  76   Derigo  102   Derigo  127   imazapic  70   Pastora  75   MSMA  2240  

NIS   MSO  

Herbicide  Rate  (g  ai/ha)  

Control  (%)  

LSD  =  11  

Vaseygrass  Control  (12  WAT)  Treatment  applied  6/25/2013  

0  

20  

40  

60  

80  

100  

Derigo  76   Derigo  115   Derigo  153   imazapic  70   Pastora  75  

NIS   MSO  

Herbicide  Rate  (g  ai/ha)  

Control  (%)  

LSD  =  30  

Derigo Efficacy on Weeds Evaluated

Derigo at 3 oz/acre

•  Good (80 to 89%) to excellent (90 to 100%)

–  Catsear dandelion, tall fescue, buckhorn plantain, and

bahiagrass seedheads

•  Fair control (70 to 79%)

–  Vaseygrass

•  Poor control

–  Broomsedge

Derigo Research at UGA (2012-2014)

•  Strengths

–  Broadleaf weeds and fescue control for bermudagrass release in

spring

–  Growth regulation of bahiagrass plus weed control

–  Suppression/control of vaseygrass

•  Potential uses for roadsides

–  Seedhead control and vegetation suppression

–  Use in sequential programs with MSMA for vaseygrass control

Derigo Summary

•  Good herbicide for problem weed control

–  Grassy and broadleaf weeds

•  Activity on perennial weeds and bahiagrass growth

regulation

•  Consider tank-mixtures in areas with history of ALS

inhibitor use (Oust, Plateau, etc.)

Piper (flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone)

•  Formulation: Piper 76WG

–  Chlorophyll (PPO) synthesis inhibitor + Multiple MOA

•  Weeds Controlled

–  Flumioxazin: PRE, POST grasses, annual BLWs

–  Pyroxasulfone: POST grassy weeds

Photo:  1/6/15  Application:    12/9/14  

Piper 76% WG 8 oz/a

Photo:  1/6/15  Application:    12/9/14  

Piper  8  oz/a  Accord  XRT  18  fl  oz/a  

Matrix at 2 oz/acre Matrix at 2 oz/acre + flumioxazin 0.38 lb ai/acre

1 Month After Treatments

Photo: 7/11/13 Application: 4/16/13

Glyphomax XRT 5.4 lb/gal SL 38 fl oz/ac Piper 76% WG 10 oz/a

Prodiamine 65% WG 2.3 lb/ac

flumioxazin

Trade Name: Payload

Family: N-­‐phenylphthalimide  derivative

•  Mode of action: Chlorophyll (PPO) synthesis inhibitor

•  Weeds: Postemergence control of broadleaf and

grassy weeds, short residual but some PRE activity

Payload (flumioxazin) 12 oz/acre 1 Month After Treatment

Smooth Crabgrass Control (189 DAA, 132 DAB) 9/12/11

0

20

40

60

80

100

Sureguard 0.38 lb ai/acre Barricade 0.75 lb ai/acre

Control  (%)  

LSD = 5

Flumioxazin Applied to Actively Growing Tifway Bermudagrass Treated on 3/16/2012 (1 WAT)

6 oz/acre 12 oz/acre 24 oz/acre

Flumioxazin at 12 oz/acre, Mar. 7, 2011 Picture: August 5, 2011

Centipedegrass  Treated  with  Payload at 12 oz/acre in April

2  WAT   6  WAT  

Piper and Payload Summary

•  PRE + POST weed control

•  Resistance management

•  Flumioxazin advantages

–  use near water bodies

–  Excellent tank-mix partner with POST herbicides

•  $45/acre and there is over 700,000 acres

managed by the Georgia DOT.

•  Growth regulation costs $12/acre and is used

to replace mowing operations

Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus)

imazapic (Plateau)

•  Growth regulation (75 to 200 g ai/ha)

–  ALS inhibitor herbicide

–  Reduces seedhead height, seedhead number, and

vegetative growth

•  Imazapic use in Georgia

–  Reduces mowing and saves money on maintenance

–  Improves visibility and safety of roadside turf for motorists

Differential growth regulation with imazapic

MSMA

•  Very effective on broomsedge

– Not used by DOT since 2000

– Currently has restrictions by EPA

task force

•  Highway Right of Ways:

– 2 applications per year

– Buffer restriction by water bodies

Objectives

To evaluate:

•  Efficacy of imazapic for growth regulation of

broomsedge and bermudagrass

•  ALS enzyme inhibition from imazapic in these

species

•  Imazapic use with MSMA for broomsedge control

Bermudagrass

Broomsedge

imazapic (g a.i. ha-1)

0 17.5 35 70 140 280 560 1120

3 WAT

nicosulfuron 98 g ai/ha 2x

nicosulfuron 98 g ai/ha (2x) MSMA at 2 kg ai/ha (2x)

imazapic at 105 g ai/ha (2x) MSMA at 2 kg ai/ha (2x)

imazapic at 105 g ai/ha (2x)

Pictures: June 24, 2014 (8 MAIT)

Broomsedge Control 9 MAIT Pooled over years (2012 + 2013)

0

20

40

60

80

100

imazapic nicosulfuron MSMA + imazapic

MSMA + nicosulfuron

MSMA

Con

trol

(%

)

LSD = 4

Broomsedge Control 12 MAIT Pooled over years (2012 + 2013)

0

20

40

60

80

100

imazapic nicosulfuron MSMA + imazapic

MSMA + nicosulfuron

MSMA

Con

trol

(%

)

LSD = 9

Results and Discussion

Field Experiments

•  Imazapic provided no control of broomsedge

•  MSMA treatments provided good control (81%) of

broomsedge at 12 MAIT, however tank-mixtures with

imazapic reduced control to 45%

•  Antagonism from imazapic was not explained by reduced

absorption or translocation of 14C-MSMA in lab

Recommendations

•  Imazapic may release broomsedge on roadsides by

inhibiting competitive growth of bermudagrass.

•  MSMA is critical for controlling broomsedge and other

Andropogon species in Georgia roadside turf.

•  Recommendations under current MSMA restrictions

–  Two applications of 2 lb ai/acre in late summer/fall

–  Avoid tank-mixtures of imazapic with MSMA

Resistance

Progression of

Herbicide Resistance

Year 1  

Year 2  

Year 5  

Year 3  

Year 4  

Alan  York,  NCSU  

Ryegrass in Bermudagrass

Roundup Pro 32 oz/acre

R S

Vaseygrass Control in roadsides: MSMA Imazapic (Plateau) Derigo Pastora (nicosulfuron + metsulfuron) sethoxydim

Nontreated imazapic 18 g ai/ha

sulfometuron 53 g ai/ha nicosulfuron 70 g ai/ha

R S

R S

R S

R S

glyphosate 420 g ae/ha

MSMA 2.2 kg ai/ha

Annual sedge (Cyperus compressus)

Sedgehammer (halosulfuron) at 1.3 oz/acre

ALS-Resistant Sedge Control with MSMA

Acknowledgements

•  Seth Williams, Bill Nutt, Henry Jordan, and

Dr. Jialin Yu from UGA for technical support.

•  Bayer for supporting this research.

•  Georgia Department of Transportation