NEIGHBOURHOOD HERITAGE STATEMENT...NEIGHBOURHOOD HERITAGE STATEMENT LEBRETON FLATS / WEST CENTERTOWN PREPARED BY ALISON CREBA April 12, 2017 Description of the neighbourhood: Separate

NEIGHBOURHOODHERITAGESTATEMENT

LEBRETONFLATS/WESTCENTERTOWN

PREPAREDBYALISONCREBAApril12,2017

Descriptionoftheneighbourhood:

Separateyetintrinsicallylinked,theneighbourhoodsofLebretonDevelopment(hereafterreferredtoasLebretonFlats)andWestCentertownarepresentedtogetherinthefollowingcharacterstudy.DividedbyAlbertstreet,thetwodistrictsareunifiedalongtheireasternedgesbyBoothstreet.ThebordertransitionsfromBoothtoCommissionerstreet,whereitfollowstheescarpmentnorthtowardsWellingtonstreetandalongthePortageBridge.Thearea’snorthernlimitsarecharacterizedbyitsinterfacewithChaudièrefalls,theOttawaRiver,andincludesChaudière,Albert,AmeliaandVictoriaIslands.BoundedtothewestbytheraillinewhichextendssouthalongtherailcutfromthePrinceofWalesbridge,theboundaryisrevisedagainwheretherailsintersectwithHighway417,atwhichpointBayswaterRdbecomesthewesternboundarybetweenHighway417andCarlingAvenue.CarlingAvenueactsastheneighbourhood’ssouthernboundary.

Representingarangeofdiversebuildingtypologies,theareaincludestheLorneStreetHeritageConservationdistrict,aswellassevenindividuallydesignatedpropertiesunderPartIVoftheOntarioHeritageAct(OHA).Aswell,ninepropertiesarerecognizedbytheFederalHeritageBuildingReviewOffice(FHBRO).Beyondtheseofficialrecognitions,thisareafeaturesarangeofsignificantnaturalandbuiltresourcesthatreflectthecharacteroftheneighbourhood.

WhatfollowsisapreliminarystatementonthecharacterofLebretonFlatsandWestCentertown.Unifiedbyadynamichistoryofconstructionanddestruction,thegoalofthisdocumentistorepresenttheresidualtraitsofthishistoryinherentinthearea.Followingabriefhistoricaloverview,theheritagevaluesandattributesoftheneighbourhoodarerepresentedthroughthethemesofWater,Connectivity/Disconnectivity,IndustrialOutflowandRenewal.

Figure1:LebretonDevelopment/WestCentertown.MadeavailablebyCityofOttawa,2017

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HistoryoftheArea:

Nearly65millionyearsago,intheCenozoicera,aseriesofseismicshiftsforcedlimestonecliffsupandproducedaseriesofrapidsalongariverbed1.Inthethousandsofyearsthatfollowed,AlgonquinpeopleslivedalongthebanksofKitchiSibior“GreatRiver”(nowknownastheOttawaRiver)wheretheyregardedtherapidwatersasasiteofspiritualsignificance2.Intheearly1800s,thoughanAlgonquinpresenceremainedinthearea,theprocessesofcolonialsettlementbeguntotakeplacemoreaggressively3.Thoughthelands(andwater)wereneverofficiallycededtoBritishcolonialists,thecityofOttawabegantoemergeoutofaburgeoninglumberindustry.Basedalongthebanksoftheriver,bythe1870s,Lebretonflatswerecharacterizedbymills,lumberpilesandmodestworkershousing4.

OnApril261900,afirebeganacrosstheriverinHull(nowGatineau)and,carriedbystrongwinds,engulfedtheLebretonFlatsandWestCentertownarea,destroying3000structuresandleavingeightthousandpeoplehomelessinonenight5.Theareawasquicklyrebuiltwiththesupportoflocallumberbaronsandforthenextfiftyyearscontinuedasahubofindustrialactivitysupportedbyadenseframeworkofworkingclassimmigrantcommunities.IntheyearsfollowingWorldWarTwo,modernidealsbegantoinfluencemunicipalandfederalperceptionsofthearea6.InApril1962,guidedbyaninternationalmovementofurbanrenewalandtheFederalgovernment’s1949GreberPlan,theresidentsofLebretonFlatswereexpropriatedandnearlyallofthestructuresweredemolished7.AspertherecommendationsoftheGreberPlan,similaractivitiesoccurredinportionsofWestCentertown8.WhileproposalsforredevelopmentofLebretonFlatshavebeenconsistentlytabledthroughouttheyearssince1962,issuesconcerningownershipandsoilcontaminationhavecontributedtothearearemaininglargelyvacant9.Today,themesofwater,connectivity/disconnectivity,industrialoutflowandrenewalareevidentinthecurrentcharacterofneighbourhood.Connectingtheexistingformtopaststructuresandpractices,thesethemesreflecttheheritagevaluesandattributesofthearea.

Figure2:1900Fire.LibraryandArchivesCanada.MikanNo.3246703

Figure4:AerialimageofLebretonFlats,1928.Source:GeoOttawa.ca

Figure3:AerialimageofLebretonFlats,1965.Source:GeoOttawa.ca

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Themes/HeritageValues:

WATER:

ThethemeofwaterrunsprominentlythroughouttheLebreton/WestCentertownneighbourhood.Asbothabarrierandaconduit,theriveranditsfallshavebeenasourceofspiritualsignificance,fuelandenergy.Importanttonotjusttheneighbourhoodinquestion,theriverhasbeencentraltothedevelopmentofthecityofOttawaandsurroundingarea10.Inparticular,ChaudièreFalls-otherwiseknownas“thekettleofboilingwaters”-weresaidtobeaudiblefromgreatdistances11.Amongtheirmanyproperties,thesoundofthefallsisregardedasachannelforspiritualconnectivityforAlgonquinpeoplesofthearea12.Althoughtheriverwasdammedin190813,theriverandfallsretainsits’sacredvalueforindigenouspeoples.

Notablenotonlyforits’spiritualvalue,watercanbeconsideredthroughthestructuresitproduces.Builtin1908andputintooperationin1910,theChaudièreringdamwasconstructedwiththeaimofcontrollingandstandardizingwaterlevelsanddistributingthewaterpower14.Thestructure,whichmirrorsthegeomorphicshapeofthefalls,isarareexampleofadamwithstoplogsandwasthefirsthydroelectricdamontheOttawaRiver15.RecentlyacquiredbythecityofOttawa,thedamhassignificantlyalteredtheland,wateranditsuses.

LocatedonAmeliaIsland,GeneratingStationNo.2belongstoboththelandandthewater.Commissionedin1891byE.HBronson,GeneratingStationNo.2isCanada’soldestsurvivinghydroelectricfacilitystillinoperationtoday16.OfficiallyrecognizedbytheFederalGovernmentforitsarchitectural,historicandenvironmentalvalues,in1992,thestructureisjoinedbyGeneratingStationNo4.andtheOttawaStation,allofwhichcontinuetoharnessthepowerofthefallsintheproductionofmunicipalhydroelectricity17.

Similarly,theFleetStreetPumpingStationandaccompanyingsystemofopenandcoveredaqueducts,capitalizedonthepoweroftheriver18.Designedbycivilengineer,ThomasKeeferin1874,thepumpingstationisuniqueforitshydraulic-poweredoperationandreflecttheimportantroleofwaterinsupportingthegrowthofaburgeoningcity19.Developedwiththedualintentionofsupplingthecitywithwater,thepumpingstationalsoemergedinresponsetothethreatoffire20.Thoughinadequatetocombatthedevastatingflamesof1900,thepumpingstationwasoneofthefewstructurestosurviveit21.Continuingtodistributewatertothecity,theFleetStreetPumpingStationagainsurvivedthe1962demolitionofLebretonFlats

Figure5:ChaudièreFalls,1867Source:freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~crossroads/help/lebreton/

Figure6:GeneratingStationNo.2.PhotobyE.Tumak

Figure7:FleetStreetPumpingStation,circa1880.PhotobyNotman&Sandham

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andin1983receivedheritagedesignationunderPartIVoftheOntarioHeritageAct22.

TheintegralroleofwatercanalsobeobservedinthecreationofPlantBath,in192423.Designedbylocalarchitects,Millson&BurgessandnamedafterthethenmayorofOttawa,FrankPlant,theneo-gothicstructurereflectsnotionsofsocialreformconnectedtohygieneandrecreation,popularattheturnofthecentury24.Specificallylocatedinproximatedistancetotheraillineintheheartoftheworking-classneighbourhood,PlantBathwasintendedtoaddressthenegativeimpactsof‘dirt’onthecityanditspeople25.Undergoingrenovationsin1983andagainin2003,PlantBathwas

designatedin1994underpartIVoftheOntarioHeritageAct.Recognizedforitssocialandarchitecturalvalue,PlantBathcontinuestoserveasahubforrecreationalactivityandreflectsthesustainedrelevanceofwaterinthearea26.

Finally,watercanbeusedtorevealthetopographicandgeologicalcharacteroftheplace.Asanareawithsignificantescarpments,hillsandrock-cuts,ananalysisofhydrologicactivityinthearearevealsnotonlytheshapebutpropertiesoftheland.PerhapsthemostnotablefeatureintheareaisthelimestonecliffthatoverlooksLebretonFlatsknownasNannyGoatHill.Whereasitstopographyisillustratedthroughwatermovement,NannyGoatHillisalsoreportedtohavebeenasourceofspringwater,fromwhichPeterMirskyfoundedhissuccessfulsodaandwatercompany,PureWaterin192527.

CONNECTIVITY/DISCONNECTIVITY

Thethemeofconnectivity/disconnectivityrepresentsthephysicalandculturalaxesthatcharacterizetheLebretonflats/WestCentertownneighbourhood.Here,bridges,railsandroadsareconsideredfortheircapacitytounifyand/ordividelandandpeoples.

TheLebretonflats/WestCentertownneighbourhoodisuniquelycharacterizedinpartbyitthreebridgeswhichspantheOttawariver,connectingOttawawithGatineau,Quebec.Actingasaboundarytotheneighbourhood,thePrinceofWalesBridgeisalsoasymbolofconnectivity.Builtin1880,thePrinceofWalesBridge,wasthefirstrailwaybridgeacrosstheOttawaRiver28.Renownedforits’superstructure

Figure8:PlantBath,2014.Photo:MeredithStewart

Figure9:ChaudièreandPrinceofWalesBridges,2005.Photo:PeterEllis

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construction,thebridgeoperatedasafreightandpassengertrainforover120years29.Despitebeingdecommissionedin2001,thebridgeremainsanactivespaceforarangeofcommunities30.

ConnectingBoothstreetwithRueEddyinGatineau,Ottawa,theChaudièreBridgecrossesthroughVictoria,AlbertandChaudièreislandsandoverthefallsfromwhichitgetsits’name.Builtin1919,thecurrentsteelbridgeisthethirditerationofstructuresspanningtheriverinthislocationandinfactisbuiltonsomeoftheoriginalmasonryarchesfromearliermanifestations31.Undergoingsignificantrepairsin200832,thebridgehasremainedaprimaryconduitbetweentwosidesoftheriver.

Finally,astheeasternboundaryoftheneighbourhood,thePortageBridgeepitomizesbothaconnectivityofplaceandadisconnectivitybetweenthelevelsofgovernmentandthecommunitiestheyrepresent33.Reflectinglarge-scaleplanningidealsofthetime,thePortageBridgewasbuiltbytheNationalCapitalCommission(NCC)in1973andremainsheavilyusedtoday34.

Railline:Markingthewesternedgeoftheneighbourhood,theraillinebothdividesandunifiestheLebretonflats/WestCentertownneighbourhood.SeparatingitfromHintonburgtothewest,theraillinerepresentsaconnectiontoearlyindustrialprocesses.Originallydevelopedtotransporttimbertointernationalmarkets35,theareaismarkedwithmanytracesofearlierrailactivity36.WhereasHighway417nowfollowsitsformerpath,remainingportionsofthelinearebeingrehabilitatedtoaccommodatethecity’snewLightRailTransitsystem37.

Cuttingthroughtheneighbourhood,Highway417(otherwiseknownastheQueensway)simultaneouslydividestheareainternally,whilealso

connectingittothecityatlarge.Asasharedresourcebetweenthecityandprovince,theQueenswayisyetanotherproductoflargescalemoderntransportationplanninginitiativesthatemergedoutoftheGreberPlan38.

Similarly,theSirJohnA.MacDonaldRiverParkwayisanotherproductoftheGreberPlan.Drawnalongtheriver’sedge,theauto-routeisalsoaccompaniedwithawalkingtrailandlandscapedshoreline.Whilethislandscapefeaturepromotesare-connectiontotheriverforpedestrians,theroadcontradictsthisinvitation,actingasabarriertoit.

Figure10:Aerialphotographoftheneighbourhood,2014.Thisimageillustratesaxialroads,railandhighways.Source:GeoOttawa.ca

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Behavinginasimilarmanner,Albertstreethastransformedoverthelast55yearsintoamajortransportationrouteforpublicandprivatevehicles.Nowanactiveandwideroad,AlbertstreetisconsideredadivisivelinebetweentheLebretonflatsandWestCentertownneighbourhoods.

ThemainstreetsofPrestonstreetandSomersetStreetcanbothberegardedasaxisofculturalconnectivity.Beyondsimplytheirgeographicsignificance,bothstreetsaresymbolicrepresentationsoflong-standingculturalcommunitiesinthearea39.WhiletheItaliancommunity,forexample,celebratesPrestonstreetasamanifestationoftheircommunity,themajorityoftheirmajorculturallandmarksaresituatedonadjacentstreetsnearby40.

Asanexpressionoftheircommunity,in2010Ottawa’sChinatownArchwasconstructed.SpanningSomersetstreetwestatCambridgestreet,themonumentwasdecoratedwithseverallayersofgold-leafbyateamofartistsfromHunanprovince.Asymboloflocalandinternationalconnectivity,thearchwasnamedPublicWorksProjectofthe

Yearin2011bytheAmericanPublicWorksAssociation(APWA)41.EachrepresentedbytheirownBusinessImprovementAssociationsandarangeofculturalorganizations,bothPrestonandSomersetstreetexistasconnectivechannelsalongwhichuniqueculturalcommunitiesaresituated.

Figure11:TwoneighbourhoodBIAsassemblealongPrestonandSomersetstreets.Thesestreetsrepresentlinesofculturalconnectivity.Source:GeoOttawa.ca

Figure12:ChinatownArch.Photo:ChristopheLedent

Figure13:CollagerepresentingItalianCommunityofPrestonStreet.Source:http://www.ottawaitalians.com/Community/community.htm

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INDUSTRIALOUTFLOW

Thetermindustrialoutflow42describestheafter-effectofindustrialprocessesandinfrastructureonthecurrentcharacteroftheLebretonFlats/WestCentertownneighbourhood.Whilemuchoftheareahasbeendemolished43,Industrialoutflowrecognizesechoesofthepastintheremainingfeatures.

TheOttawaRiverRunnersareawhite-waterpaddlingclubwhichhasbeenpracticinginthewhite-watersgeneratedbytheFleetStreetPumpingstationsincethelate1980s44.Overthelastthirtyyears,clubmembershavenavigatedcomplicatedbureaucraticwatersinordertolegitimatelycultivateandusethesluice.Aproductofhistoricpumpingactivitiesaswellasthetopographyofthearea,the“Pumphousefacility”isaclass2white-watercourseandisusedfortrainingbothnoviceandOlympicpaddlers45.

ConsideredatonetimetobeoneofOttawa’sworsteyesores,CityCentreisnowrecognizedashubofcreativeinnovation46.BuiltthesameyearLebretonFlatswasdemolished,thelargeindustrialwarehousewasintendedtoservethearea47.Whileitreceiveslittlerecognitionforitsaestheticvalues,thecomplexisnowcelebratedasagenerativespacethatspeakstoOttawa’sindustrialroots48.

Designatedin2006underPartVoftheOntarioHeritageAct,theLorneAvenueHeritageConservationDistrictisvaluedasarareexampleofworkingclassdwellingscommonintheLebretonFlatsareaattheturnofthecentury49.LocatedsouthofAlbertstreet,theLorneAvenueHeritageConservationDistrictwassavedfromdemolitionbecauseofitsperipherallocation.TodayitisanexampleofevolvingsentimentsaboutLebretonflatsintheyearssinceits’demolition.

Figure14:PumphouseFacility,2009.Source:www.ottawariverrunners.com/detail.php?id_sub=2

Figure15:CityCentre,2004.Photo:BrunoSchlumberger/OttawaCitizen

Figure16:LorneStreetHeritageConservationDistrict,2017.Photo:AlisonCreba

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RENEWAL

ThethemeofrenewalencompassesthemodernheritageoftheLebretonFlats/WestCentertownneighbourhood.EmerginginpartinrelationtorecommendationsmadeintheGreberPlan,theBoothStreetcomplex,andAdultHighschoolarevaluedmodernlandmarksinthearea.

OriginallynamedNewHighSchoolofCommerce,theAdultHighSchoolwasbuiltin1967.In1963,andagreementbetweentheCityofOttawaandtheCollegiateInstituteBoardenabledthea16-acreplotofland50tobeclearedforthestructure51.Asaresult,AdultHighSchoolbecamethefirstsecondaryschoolinCanadatobeconstructedaspartofanurbanrenewalproject52.Anadmiredexampleofmodernarchitecture,it’sexteriorsurfacesarewhitepre-casttexturedconcrete,withstructuralribsprotrudingfromthewalls.Consistingofthreeunits:aclassroomwing,libraryandlargeauditoriumwith1200seats53,theauditoriumissaidtohavehostedthecity’smajorartisticperformancesintheyearsbeforetheconstructionoftheNationalArtsCenter54.Today,theschoolretainsmuchofitsoriginalarchitecturaldetailing,whileofferingacademicandvocationaltrainingforadultstudents55.

Asanotherlayerofrenewal,onMay18,2000thePrestonStreetBIAandItalian-CanadianCommunityCentreoftheNationalCapitalRegion(ICCC)officiallyadoptedPiazzaDante56.Createdin1967followingthelarge-scaleexpropriationoftheItaliancommunity,St.Anthony’schurchandtheadjacentpublicspaceofPiazzaDanteareseenasgatheringplacesforthedisplacedcommunities.

Finally,theBoothStreetComplexisconsideredwithinthethemeofrenewalforitsconsistentapproachtomodernismthroughoutitsmulti-phaseconstructionperiod.MadeupofaseriesofFederalGovernmentBuildingsbuiltbetween1927and1958,thestructuresspeaktoanexpandedfederalinterestinnaturalresourcesandextractionindustries.Asexamplesofprogressingapproachestomodernarchitecture,thestructuresintheBoothStreetcomplexdemonstrateanincrementalrenewalofformalarchitecturalarrangements.Organisedinacampus-formatalongBoothandRochesterstreets,thestructuresareindividuallyrecognizedbytheFederalHeritageBuildingsReviewOffice57.

Figure17:AdultHighSchool,2017.Photo:AlisonCreba

Figure18: VolunteersRinaFiloso(left)andElviraCitrotendthegardensofPiazzaDante.Source:ottawaitalians.com/Community/piazzaDante.htm

Figure19:SurveysandMappingBuilding,1994.Source:http://historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=10145

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HeritageAttributes:

• Flowingwhitewater:Chaudièrefalls,“outflow”;• Spiritualandculturalpracticesconnectedtowaterandland,especiallythroughthesoundof

water;• ControlledwaterviaChaudièreRingDam;• ClusterofindustrialbuildingsonChaudière,Albert,VictoriaandAmeliaIslands;• RelationshiptoQuebecviabridges;• Dynamictopography-escarpments,hills,rockcuts;• Visibleexposedstone;• Presenceoflimestoneandslateinarchitecturalfeatures,especiallyinstructuresnearby/on

NannyGoatHill.Specifically,Pooley’sBridge&St.VincentHospital• OpenandcoveredAqueductsinLebretonFlats;• ContinuedwaterpumpingviaFleetStreetPumpingStation;• Cultivationanduseof‘outflow’viacommunitygroups,esp.OttawaRiverRunners• Baths/Swimmingpools:PlantBathandEv.Tremblayoutdoorswimmingpoolsince1976;• Activeraillines;• Industrialbuildingsandsmallworkershousinginproximitytoraillines;• Bridgesconnectingneighbourhoodoverraillines;• Multi-lanetransportationroutesforbusesandcars;• PublicspaceassociatedwithChineseandItalianculturalgroups;• Expressionsofcommunityunityviagardens,publicart,outdoorfestivals,monuments.• ‘MainStreets’asconduitsforcommunitycohesionproximaterelationshipofsmallbusinessesto

oneanother;• Localbusinesses,accessibleanddiversestore-frontage;• Corner-storesinresidentialneighbourhood• Diversearchitecturalstyles,expressionsandtypes;• Denselyclusteredworkershousing,oftenrowhouses,circa1900.Wood-framewithbrick

veneerinthe‘Italianate’style.• Largerhomesoflumberbarons,circa1900.Brickvaneeronwood-framewithornamental

detailing.E.g.VennHouseat69Elmst.• Co-ophousingalongBooth,PrestonandWalnutstreets.• ModernindustrialandofficearchitectureoftheFederalGovernmentincludingBoothstreet

complexaswellasPublicservicesandprocurementCanadaat1010SomersetStW,and256ElmStreet;

• Industrialactivity–productionandrepair:manufacturing,workshops• Creativeinterpretationof‘remnant’spaces:woodshops/artiststudios/smallbusinessesatCity

Centre,whitewatercourseintheoutflowofFleetStreetPumphouse,ArtGalleries:Gallery101,CentralArtGarage,ArtFlowGalleryandOrangeGallery

• ArchitecturalsalvageandAntiquesat989SomersetStWand145SpruceStreet.• Vacantspace–aproductofahistoryoferasure/development;• Constantconstructionandseriesofdevelopmentproposals,especiallyforLebretonFlats;

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AppendixA:HeritageResources

Buildingname Location DateofConstruction

Typology Architect Designation&date

TheCheneyHouse

176Bronson Circa1870 Residential n/a OntarioHeritageAct,PartIV

- 190Bronson 1889 Residential n/a OntarioHeritageAct,PartIV

FleetStreetPumpingStation

10FleetStreet

1874 Industrial ThomasKeefer

OntarioHeritageAct,PartIV,1983

Pooley’sBridge 9FleetStreet

1873 Industrial unknown OntarioHeritageAct,PartIV

PlantBath 130Prestonstreet/930SomersetSt.W

1924 Recreational Millson&Burgess

OntarioHeritageAct,PartIV,1988.

St.Luke’sAnglicanChurch

760SomersetSt.W

1922 Religious unknown OntarioHeritageAct,PartIV,

VennHouse 69ElmStreet

1900 Residential n/a OntarioHeritageAct,PartIV,1988.

GeneratingStationNo.2

ChaudièreIsland

1891 Industrial n/a FederalHeritageDesignation,1992

EMRComplex:FuelTestingLaboratory

562BoothStreet

1927-1929 Office/Industrial

W.E.Noffke FHBROrecognized,1987

PhysicalMetallurgyLaboratory,

BuildingsA,BandC.(BoothSt.Complex)

568BoothStreet

1942-1952 Office/Industrial

W.E.Noffke FHBROrecognized,1988

OreDressingLaboratory

(BoothSt.Complex)

552BoothStreet

1937-39 Office/Industrial

W.E.Noffke FHBROrecognized,1987

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Buildingname Location DateofConstruction

Typology Architect Designation&date

IndustrialMineralsandCeramics

(BoothSt.Complex)

405RochesterStreet

1939 Office/Industrial

W.E.Noffke FHBROrecognized,1987

ChemicalRadioactiveOresBuilding

(BoothStComplex)

555BoothSt 1955 Office AllwardandGouinlock

FHBROrecognized

GeologicalSurveyofCanadaBuilding

(BoothStComplex)

601BoothSt 1955 Office AllwardandGouinlock

FHBROrecognized

SurveysandMappingBuilding

(BoothStComplex)

615BoothSt 1955 Office AllwardandGouinlock

FHBROrecognized

NRCAN(NaturalResourcesCanada)AdministrativeBuilding

(BoothStComplex)

588BoothSt 1958 Office AllwardandGouinlock

FHBROrecognized

FormerNCCBuilding

401LebretonStreet

1930 Office/Commercial

n/a FHBRORecognized:1997

Aqueducts(coveredandexposed)

n/a 1874,1912 IndustrialInfrastructure

ThomasKeefer

None

ChaudièreBridge BoothStreet,Ottawa,ONT/RueEddy,Gatineau,QC

1919 Industrial DominionBridgeCompany

None

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Buildingname Location DateofConstruction

Typology Architect Designation&date

PrinceofWalesBridge

Ottawa,ONT/Gatineau,QC

1880 Industrial C.SchalerSmith

None

MainMill ChaudièreIsland

1900 Industrial n/a None

BoothBoardMill ChaudièreIsland

1912 Industrial n/a None

Administration/StablesandCarriageHouse

AlbertIsland 1900 Office/Industrial n/a None

CentralStores AlbertIsland 1900 Industrial n/a None

E.BEddyBoxShop

ChaudièreIsland

1878-1892 Industrial n/a None

GeneratingStationNo.4

ChaudièreIsland

1878-1892 Industrial n/a None

OttawaConstructionAssociation

196BronsonAve

1961 Office PeterDickinson

None

PrescottRealtyBuilding

437PrestonSt.

Commercial n/a None

CityCentre 250CityCentreAve

1962 Industrial n/a None

AdultHigh/HighSchoolofCommerce/OttawaCollegiateInstitute

300RochesterAve

1967 Educational n/a None

PiazzaDante GladstoneandBoothStreet.

1967 PublicPark NCC/ItalianCanadianCommunity

None

ChinatownArch SomersetStreet&CambridgeAvenue

2010 Monument Builtby:R.W.TomlinsonLtd.

PublicWorksProjectoftheYear,2011–fromAmericanPublicWorksAssociation(APWA).

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1Jenkins,AnAcreofTime,17.2Dumont,2013.http://albertdumont.com/the-kettle-of-boiling-waters-chaudiere-falls-algonquin-territory/3Morrison,James.“AlgonquinHistoryintheOttawaRiverWatershed”CulturalHeritage172.3(13-22)http://www.thealgonquinway.ca/pdf/algonquin-history.pdf4Taylor,Ottawa,AnIllustratedHistory,645Jenkins,1546Picton,Rubbleandruin:WalterBenjamin,post-warurbanrenewalandtheresidueofeverydaylifeonLeBretonFlats,Ottawa,Canada(1944–1970),p.135.7Picton,1348ParksCanada.“BoothStreetComplex,SurveysandMappingBuilding.”DirectoryofFederalHeritageDesignations.http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_fhbro_eng.aspx?id=81889NCCWatch.“NCCBlunders:LebretonFlats”(blog)http://nccwatch.org/blunders/lebreton.htm10Taylor,11.11Taylor,11.12Dumont,Albert‘SouthWind’inconversationwithJudithMatheson.“Spirituality,ResponsibilityandtheChaudièreFalls.”EquitableEducation.ca.February18,2014.https://equitableeducation.ca/2014/spirituality-chaudiere-falls-responsibility,andDumont,Albert‘SouthWind’.“TheKettleofBoilingWaters:ChaudièreFalls,AlgonquinTerritory”December28,2013.(blog)http://albertdumont.com/the-kettle-of-boiling-waters-chaudiere-falls-algonquin-territory/13CanadianMuseumofHistory.“TheChaudièreDam.”http://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/hull/rw_28_ie.shtml14“TheHistoryandArchitectureofChaudièreFallsareaofOttawa,Ontario”http://aix1.uottawa.ca/~weinberg/chaudier.html15ibid16Canada’sHistoricPlaces.“OttawaHydroGeneratingStationNo.2”http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=4360&pid=28428&h=Generating,Station,No(4)17EnergyOttawa.“ChaudièreFalls”http://energyottawa.com/generation/chaudiere-falls/18Maitland,HistoricalSketchesofOttawa,12219Hale,James“TroubledWaters”OttawaMagazine.May/June2005.http://www.ottawariverrunners.com/uploads/OttawaMagPHArticle(1).pdf20Maitland,12221Maitland,12222Hale,29andOntarioHeritageTrust.“FleetStreetPumpingStation”.http://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/en/index.php/properties/fleet-street-pumping-station23Stewart,“ThePublicBathsofOttawa:AHeritageReconsidered”,8824Stewart,8725Stewart,8626Stewart,90,MPLundyConstructionInc.“PlantBathRecreationCentre.”http://www.mplundy.com/plant-bath-recreation-centre,and,PlantPoolRecreationAssociation.“AboutPPRA.”https://plantpool.org/27King,“Findingthespringinpurespring.”201528Churcher,Colin.“TheRailwaysofOttawa:Bridges.”RailwayPages.http://churcher.crcml.org/circle/Findings_Bridges.htm29Churcher,Colin.“125thAnniversaryoftheOpeningofthePrinceofWalesBridge.”RailwayPageshttp://churcher.crcml.org/Articles/Article2006_01.html30Phillips,Adrian.“FortheMoment:PrinceofWalesPark,”2016.31“TheBridgesofChaudièreFalls.”http://aix1.uottawa.ca/~weinberg/bridges.html32Kennedy,Brendan.“ChaudièreBridgeRemainsClosed”,2008.33Taylor,194.34Taylor,19435Taylor,4936King,Andrew.“RemarkableStoneRuinsof19thCenturyRailwayRoundhouseUnearthedatCityCentre”,2016

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37Pearson,Matthew.“WalktheLine:TheCitizentreksacrossthebiggestinfrastructureprojectinOttawa’shistory,”201638Taylor,19039Thesymbolicsignificanceofthisstreetismanifestedinpartinaseriesofpublicartworkedentitled“PostcardsfromthePiazzas”,createdin2010byartistcjfleury.AdescriptionofthemontheCityofOttawa’swebsitereads,“Aftertwoyearsofcollectingsourcematerialfromcommunitymembers,theartistcreatedthissculpturalseries.Itbringstogetherfragmentsofthecommunities’heritageandculture.EachelementforgeslinksandcreatesnostalgiabetweentheviewerandnotionsoftheItalianpiazza,amarketsquare.Theeclecticismoftoday’scommunityisreflectedbythebreadthofgenres,periodsandstylesportrayedinthesculptures.”CityofOttawa,http://ottawa.ca/en/residents/arts-heritage-and-culture/public-art/art-street40OurLittleItaly.OttawaItalians:Community.http://www.ottawaitalians.com/Community/community.htm41DailyCommercialNews.“OttawaChinatownarchgetsAmericanPublicWorksAssociationaward.”August18,2011.http://dailycommercialnews.com/en-US/Home/News/2011/8/Ottawa-Chinatown-arch-gets-American-Public-Works-Association-award-DCN046121W/42“Weareofficiallynotapark—it’sanindustrialoutflow.”DougCorkerydescribingthePumphouserun.Hale,“TroubledWaters”,2005.43“Effectofexpropriation:Residentialpropertyownersjustoutsidethetargetnowfacedadebrisfilledwastelandandfeltthestingingeffectonlandvalues.SeveralresidentspleadedwiththeNCCtoacquiretheirlandinadjacentareasaspartoftheexpropriation.OthersurgedtheNCCtoensureitsbuildingswerebeingmaintained,expressingamongotherthingsconcernoverhousesbeingtorndown,boardeduporabandoned.”Picton,154-5.44OttawaRiverRunners,“ThePumphouse,”2017.http://www.ottawariverrunners.com/detail.php?id_sub=2andHale,2005.45OttawaRiverRunners,“ThePumphouse,”2017.http://www.ottawariverrunners.com/detail.php?id_sub=246Reevely.“Once-reviledCityCentrecomplexfindsnewlifeashipsterhotspot”.201447CapitalModern.“CityCentre.”http://www.capitalmodern.ca/modern/works/city-centre/48ibid49“LorneAvenueHeritageConservationDistrict:DesignationRationale.”http://lorneavenue.tripod.com/50IncludedinthedemolitionofthisareawastheGallasBakery,alongstandinginstitutionfortheItaliancommunity.GiovannaMigarellidescribestheeffectsoftheexpropriation:“Soonafter,landpredominatelyownedbytheItalianswasexpropriatedbythecity.EverythingchangedfortheGallasandmanyinthecommunity.“Wewereaveryclosefamily.Weallstucktogether,untilallofusgotseparated.Itwasn’twhatwewantedatall,”Annesayswithasigh.ManyarguethatthingswereneverthesameintheItaliancommunityaftertheexpropriation.Thetightlyknitcommunitythattheyhadoncecherished,theyfelt,hadfallenapart.”(Mingarelli,www.ottawaitalians.com/).Whilethedestructionwasasignificantblowtothecommunity,MingarellicontinuestodescribethewaysinwhichthecommunitycontinuedtoparticipateintheculturallandscapeofSt.Anthony’schurch.FionaStorydocumentsthis:"Irememberthechurchhadtoworkhardtohelppeopleinthecommunity,"saidIerullo,who'shomewasalsoexpropriated."Therewerealotoflossesandthechurchhadtoworkhardtocomfortpeopleandhelpthem."ManyItaliansleftthecommunitybutcontinuetoreturntothechurchregardlessofwheretheylivenow(Story,http://www.ottawaitalians.com/Community/stAnthonysChurch.htm).51Keith,TheCollegiateInstituteBoardofOttawa:AShortHistory:1843-1969,34.52Keith,32.53Keith,3454HearsayfromArchitecturalhistorian,AndrewWaldron(Feb9,2017)55AdultHighSchool.“AboutUs.”https://adulths.ocdsb.ca/AboutUs/Pages/School-Profile.aspx56Filoso,Angelo.“AdoptionofPiazzaDanteasaMillenniumProject.”OurLittleItaly.http://www.ottawaitalians.com/Community/piazzaDante.htm57Oneexampleofastatementofsignificancecanbefoundat:ParksCanada.“BoothStreetComplex,SurveysandMappingBuilding.”DirectoryofFederalHeritageDesignations.http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_fhbro_eng.aspx?id=8188Otherwise,acompletelistofBoothStreetComplexstructuresisdocumentedinAppendixAasHeritageResources.