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NEIGHBOURHOODHERITAGESTATEMENT
LEBRETONFLATS/WESTCENTERTOWN
PREPAREDBYALISONCREBAApril12,2017
Descriptionoftheneighbourhood:
Separateyetintrinsicallylinked,theneighbourhoodsofLebretonDevelopment(hereafterreferredtoasLebretonFlats)andWestCentertownarepresentedtogetherinthefollowingcharacterstudy.DividedbyAlbertstreet,thetwodistrictsareunifiedalongtheireasternedgesbyBoothstreet.ThebordertransitionsfromBoothtoCommissionerstreet,whereitfollowstheescarpmentnorthtowardsWellingtonstreetandalongthePortageBridge.Thearea’snorthernlimitsarecharacterizedbyitsinterfacewithChaudièrefalls,theOttawaRiver,andincludesChaudière,Albert,AmeliaandVictoriaIslands.BoundedtothewestbytheraillinewhichextendssouthalongtherailcutfromthePrinceofWalesbridge,theboundaryisrevisedagainwheretherailsintersectwithHighway417,atwhichpointBayswaterRdbecomesthewesternboundarybetweenHighway417andCarlingAvenue.CarlingAvenueactsastheneighbourhood’ssouthernboundary.
Representingarangeofdiversebuildingtypologies,theareaincludestheLorneStreetHeritageConservationdistrict,aswellassevenindividuallydesignatedpropertiesunderPartIVoftheOntarioHeritageAct(OHA).Aswell,ninepropertiesarerecognizedbytheFederalHeritageBuildingReviewOffice(FHBRO).Beyondtheseofficialrecognitions,thisareafeaturesarangeofsignificantnaturalandbuiltresourcesthatreflectthecharacteroftheneighbourhood.
WhatfollowsisapreliminarystatementonthecharacterofLebretonFlatsandWestCentertown.Unifiedbyadynamichistoryofconstructionanddestruction,thegoalofthisdocumentistorepresenttheresidualtraitsofthishistoryinherentinthearea.Followingabriefhistoricaloverview,theheritagevaluesandattributesoftheneighbourhoodarerepresentedthroughthethemesofWater,Connectivity/Disconnectivity,IndustrialOutflowandRenewal.
Figure1:LebretonDevelopment/WestCentertown.MadeavailablebyCityofOttawa,2017
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HistoryoftheArea:
Nearly65millionyearsago,intheCenozoicera,aseriesofseismicshiftsforcedlimestonecliffsupandproducedaseriesofrapidsalongariverbed1.Inthethousandsofyearsthatfollowed,AlgonquinpeopleslivedalongthebanksofKitchiSibior“GreatRiver”(nowknownastheOttawaRiver)wheretheyregardedtherapidwatersasasiteofspiritualsignificance2.Intheearly1800s,thoughanAlgonquinpresenceremainedinthearea,theprocessesofcolonialsettlementbeguntotakeplacemoreaggressively3.Thoughthelands(andwater)wereneverofficiallycededtoBritishcolonialists,thecityofOttawabegantoemergeoutofaburgeoninglumberindustry.Basedalongthebanksoftheriver,bythe1870s,Lebretonflatswerecharacterizedbymills,lumberpilesandmodestworkershousing4.
OnApril261900,afirebeganacrosstheriverinHull(nowGatineau)and,carriedbystrongwinds,engulfedtheLebretonFlatsandWestCentertownarea,destroying3000structuresandleavingeightthousandpeoplehomelessinonenight5.Theareawasquicklyrebuiltwiththesupportoflocallumberbaronsandforthenextfiftyyearscontinuedasahubofindustrialactivitysupportedbyadenseframeworkofworkingclassimmigrantcommunities.IntheyearsfollowingWorldWarTwo,modernidealsbegantoinfluencemunicipalandfederalperceptionsofthearea6.InApril1962,guidedbyaninternationalmovementofurbanrenewalandtheFederalgovernment’s1949GreberPlan,theresidentsofLebretonFlatswereexpropriatedandnearlyallofthestructuresweredemolished7.AspertherecommendationsoftheGreberPlan,similaractivitiesoccurredinportionsofWestCentertown8.WhileproposalsforredevelopmentofLebretonFlatshavebeenconsistentlytabledthroughouttheyearssince1962,issuesconcerningownershipandsoilcontaminationhavecontributedtothearearemaininglargelyvacant9.Today,themesofwater,connectivity/disconnectivity,industrialoutflowandrenewalareevidentinthecurrentcharacterofneighbourhood.Connectingtheexistingformtopaststructuresandpractices,thesethemesreflecttheheritagevaluesandattributesofthearea.
Figure2:1900Fire.LibraryandArchivesCanada.MikanNo.3246703
Figure4:AerialimageofLebretonFlats,1928.Source:GeoOttawa.ca
Figure3:AerialimageofLebretonFlats,1965.Source:GeoOttawa.ca
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Themes/HeritageValues:
WATER:
ThethemeofwaterrunsprominentlythroughouttheLebreton/WestCentertownneighbourhood.Asbothabarrierandaconduit,theriveranditsfallshavebeenasourceofspiritualsignificance,fuelandenergy.Importanttonotjusttheneighbourhoodinquestion,theriverhasbeencentraltothedevelopmentofthecityofOttawaandsurroundingarea10.Inparticular,ChaudièreFalls-otherwiseknownas“thekettleofboilingwaters”-weresaidtobeaudiblefromgreatdistances11.Amongtheirmanyproperties,thesoundofthefallsisregardedasachannelforspiritualconnectivityforAlgonquinpeoplesofthearea12.Althoughtheriverwasdammedin190813,theriverandfallsretainsits’sacredvalueforindigenouspeoples.
Notablenotonlyforits’spiritualvalue,watercanbeconsideredthroughthestructuresitproduces.Builtin1908andputintooperationin1910,theChaudièreringdamwasconstructedwiththeaimofcontrollingandstandardizingwaterlevelsanddistributingthewaterpower14.Thestructure,whichmirrorsthegeomorphicshapeofthefalls,isarareexampleofadamwithstoplogsandwasthefirsthydroelectricdamontheOttawaRiver15.RecentlyacquiredbythecityofOttawa,thedamhassignificantlyalteredtheland,wateranditsuses.
LocatedonAmeliaIsland,GeneratingStationNo.2belongstoboththelandandthewater.Commissionedin1891byE.HBronson,GeneratingStationNo.2isCanada’soldestsurvivinghydroelectricfacilitystillinoperationtoday16.OfficiallyrecognizedbytheFederalGovernmentforitsarchitectural,historicandenvironmentalvalues,in1992,thestructureisjoinedbyGeneratingStationNo4.andtheOttawaStation,allofwhichcontinuetoharnessthepowerofthefallsintheproductionofmunicipalhydroelectricity17.
Similarly,theFleetStreetPumpingStationandaccompanyingsystemofopenandcoveredaqueducts,capitalizedonthepoweroftheriver18.Designedbycivilengineer,ThomasKeeferin1874,thepumpingstationisuniqueforitshydraulic-poweredoperationandreflecttheimportantroleofwaterinsupportingthegrowthofaburgeoningcity19.Developedwiththedualintentionofsupplingthecitywithwater,thepumpingstationalsoemergedinresponsetothethreatoffire20.Thoughinadequatetocombatthedevastatingflamesof1900,thepumpingstationwasoneofthefewstructurestosurviveit21.Continuingtodistributewatertothecity,theFleetStreetPumpingStationagainsurvivedthe1962demolitionofLebretonFlats
Figure5:ChaudièreFalls,1867Source:freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~crossroads/help/lebreton/
Figure6:GeneratingStationNo.2.PhotobyE.Tumak
Figure7:FleetStreetPumpingStation,circa1880.PhotobyNotman&Sandham
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andin1983receivedheritagedesignationunderPartIVoftheOntarioHeritageAct22.
TheintegralroleofwatercanalsobeobservedinthecreationofPlantBath,in192423.Designedbylocalarchitects,Millson&BurgessandnamedafterthethenmayorofOttawa,FrankPlant,theneo-gothicstructurereflectsnotionsofsocialreformconnectedtohygieneandrecreation,popularattheturnofthecentury24.Specificallylocatedinproximatedistancetotheraillineintheheartoftheworking-classneighbourhood,PlantBathwasintendedtoaddressthenegativeimpactsof‘dirt’onthecityanditspeople25.Undergoingrenovationsin1983andagainin2003,PlantBathwas
designatedin1994underpartIVoftheOntarioHeritageAct.Recognizedforitssocialandarchitecturalvalue,PlantBathcontinuestoserveasahubforrecreationalactivityandreflectsthesustainedrelevanceofwaterinthearea26.
Finally,watercanbeusedtorevealthetopographicandgeologicalcharacteroftheplace.Asanareawithsignificantescarpments,hillsandrock-cuts,ananalysisofhydrologicactivityinthearearevealsnotonlytheshapebutpropertiesoftheland.PerhapsthemostnotablefeatureintheareaisthelimestonecliffthatoverlooksLebretonFlatsknownasNannyGoatHill.Whereasitstopographyisillustratedthroughwatermovement,NannyGoatHillisalsoreportedtohavebeenasourceofspringwater,fromwhichPeterMirskyfoundedhissuccessfulsodaandwatercompany,PureWaterin192527.
CONNECTIVITY/DISCONNECTIVITY
Thethemeofconnectivity/disconnectivityrepresentsthephysicalandculturalaxesthatcharacterizetheLebretonflats/WestCentertownneighbourhood.Here,bridges,railsandroadsareconsideredfortheircapacitytounifyand/ordividelandandpeoples.
TheLebretonflats/WestCentertownneighbourhoodisuniquelycharacterizedinpartbyitthreebridgeswhichspantheOttawariver,connectingOttawawithGatineau,Quebec.Actingasaboundarytotheneighbourhood,thePrinceofWalesBridgeisalsoasymbolofconnectivity.Builtin1880,thePrinceofWalesBridge,wasthefirstrailwaybridgeacrosstheOttawaRiver28.Renownedforits’superstructure
Figure8:PlantBath,2014.Photo:MeredithStewart
Figure9:ChaudièreandPrinceofWalesBridges,2005.Photo:PeterEllis
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construction,thebridgeoperatedasafreightandpassengertrainforover120years29.Despitebeingdecommissionedin2001,thebridgeremainsanactivespaceforarangeofcommunities30.
ConnectingBoothstreetwithRueEddyinGatineau,Ottawa,theChaudièreBridgecrossesthroughVictoria,AlbertandChaudièreislandsandoverthefallsfromwhichitgetsits’name.Builtin1919,thecurrentsteelbridgeisthethirditerationofstructuresspanningtheriverinthislocationandinfactisbuiltonsomeoftheoriginalmasonryarchesfromearliermanifestations31.Undergoingsignificantrepairsin200832,thebridgehasremainedaprimaryconduitbetweentwosidesoftheriver.
Finally,astheeasternboundaryoftheneighbourhood,thePortageBridgeepitomizesbothaconnectivityofplaceandadisconnectivitybetweenthelevelsofgovernmentandthecommunitiestheyrepresent33.Reflectinglarge-scaleplanningidealsofthetime,thePortageBridgewasbuiltbytheNationalCapitalCommission(NCC)in1973andremainsheavilyusedtoday34.
Railline:Markingthewesternedgeoftheneighbourhood,theraillinebothdividesandunifiestheLebretonflats/WestCentertownneighbourhood.SeparatingitfromHintonburgtothewest,theraillinerepresentsaconnectiontoearlyindustrialprocesses.Originallydevelopedtotransporttimbertointernationalmarkets35,theareaismarkedwithmanytracesofearlierrailactivity36.WhereasHighway417nowfollowsitsformerpath,remainingportionsofthelinearebeingrehabilitatedtoaccommodatethecity’snewLightRailTransitsystem37.
Cuttingthroughtheneighbourhood,Highway417(otherwiseknownastheQueensway)simultaneouslydividestheareainternally,whilealso
connectingittothecityatlarge.Asasharedresourcebetweenthecityandprovince,theQueenswayisyetanotherproductoflargescalemoderntransportationplanninginitiativesthatemergedoutoftheGreberPlan38.
Similarly,theSirJohnA.MacDonaldRiverParkwayisanotherproductoftheGreberPlan.Drawnalongtheriver’sedge,theauto-routeisalsoaccompaniedwithawalkingtrailandlandscapedshoreline.Whilethislandscapefeaturepromotesare-connectiontotheriverforpedestrians,theroadcontradictsthisinvitation,actingasabarriertoit.
Figure10:Aerialphotographoftheneighbourhood,2014.Thisimageillustratesaxialroads,railandhighways.Source:GeoOttawa.ca
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Behavinginasimilarmanner,Albertstreethastransformedoverthelast55yearsintoamajortransportationrouteforpublicandprivatevehicles.Nowanactiveandwideroad,AlbertstreetisconsideredadivisivelinebetweentheLebretonflatsandWestCentertownneighbourhoods.
ThemainstreetsofPrestonstreetandSomersetStreetcanbothberegardedasaxisofculturalconnectivity.Beyondsimplytheirgeographicsignificance,bothstreetsaresymbolicrepresentationsoflong-standingculturalcommunitiesinthearea39.WhiletheItaliancommunity,forexample,celebratesPrestonstreetasamanifestationoftheircommunity,themajorityoftheirmajorculturallandmarksaresituatedonadjacentstreetsnearby40.
Asanexpressionoftheircommunity,in2010Ottawa’sChinatownArchwasconstructed.SpanningSomersetstreetwestatCambridgestreet,themonumentwasdecoratedwithseverallayersofgold-leafbyateamofartistsfromHunanprovince.Asymboloflocalandinternationalconnectivity,thearchwasnamedPublicWorksProjectofthe
Yearin2011bytheAmericanPublicWorksAssociation(APWA)41.EachrepresentedbytheirownBusinessImprovementAssociationsandarangeofculturalorganizations,bothPrestonandSomersetstreetexistasconnectivechannelsalongwhichuniqueculturalcommunitiesaresituated.
Figure11:TwoneighbourhoodBIAsassemblealongPrestonandSomersetstreets.Thesestreetsrepresentlinesofculturalconnectivity.Source:GeoOttawa.ca
Figure12:ChinatownArch.Photo:ChristopheLedent
Figure13:CollagerepresentingItalianCommunityofPrestonStreet.Source:http://www.ottawaitalians.com/Community/community.htm
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INDUSTRIALOUTFLOW
Thetermindustrialoutflow42describestheafter-effectofindustrialprocessesandinfrastructureonthecurrentcharacteroftheLebretonFlats/WestCentertownneighbourhood.Whilemuchoftheareahasbeendemolished43,Industrialoutflowrecognizesechoesofthepastintheremainingfeatures.
TheOttawaRiverRunnersareawhite-waterpaddlingclubwhichhasbeenpracticinginthewhite-watersgeneratedbytheFleetStreetPumpingstationsincethelate1980s44.Overthelastthirtyyears,clubmembershavenavigatedcomplicatedbureaucraticwatersinordertolegitimatelycultivateandusethesluice.Aproductofhistoricpumpingactivitiesaswellasthetopographyofthearea,the“Pumphousefacility”isaclass2white-watercourseandisusedfortrainingbothnoviceandOlympicpaddlers45.
ConsideredatonetimetobeoneofOttawa’sworsteyesores,CityCentreisnowrecognizedashubofcreativeinnovation46.BuiltthesameyearLebretonFlatswasdemolished,thelargeindustrialwarehousewasintendedtoservethearea47.Whileitreceiveslittlerecognitionforitsaestheticvalues,thecomplexisnowcelebratedasagenerativespacethatspeakstoOttawa’sindustrialroots48.
Designatedin2006underPartVoftheOntarioHeritageAct,theLorneAvenueHeritageConservationDistrictisvaluedasarareexampleofworkingclassdwellingscommonintheLebretonFlatsareaattheturnofthecentury49.LocatedsouthofAlbertstreet,theLorneAvenueHeritageConservationDistrictwassavedfromdemolitionbecauseofitsperipherallocation.TodayitisanexampleofevolvingsentimentsaboutLebretonflatsintheyearssinceits’demolition.
Figure14:PumphouseFacility,2009.Source:www.ottawariverrunners.com/detail.php?id_sub=2
Figure15:CityCentre,2004.Photo:BrunoSchlumberger/OttawaCitizen
Figure16:LorneStreetHeritageConservationDistrict,2017.Photo:AlisonCreba
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RENEWAL
ThethemeofrenewalencompassesthemodernheritageoftheLebretonFlats/WestCentertownneighbourhood.EmerginginpartinrelationtorecommendationsmadeintheGreberPlan,theBoothStreetcomplex,andAdultHighschoolarevaluedmodernlandmarksinthearea.
OriginallynamedNewHighSchoolofCommerce,theAdultHighSchoolwasbuiltin1967.In1963,andagreementbetweentheCityofOttawaandtheCollegiateInstituteBoardenabledthea16-acreplotofland50tobeclearedforthestructure51.Asaresult,AdultHighSchoolbecamethefirstsecondaryschoolinCanadatobeconstructedaspartofanurbanrenewalproject52.Anadmiredexampleofmodernarchitecture,it’sexteriorsurfacesarewhitepre-casttexturedconcrete,withstructuralribsprotrudingfromthewalls.Consistingofthreeunits:aclassroomwing,libraryandlargeauditoriumwith1200seats53,theauditoriumissaidtohavehostedthecity’smajorartisticperformancesintheyearsbeforetheconstructionoftheNationalArtsCenter54.Today,theschoolretainsmuchofitsoriginalarchitecturaldetailing,whileofferingacademicandvocationaltrainingforadultstudents55.
Asanotherlayerofrenewal,onMay18,2000thePrestonStreetBIAandItalian-CanadianCommunityCentreoftheNationalCapitalRegion(ICCC)officiallyadoptedPiazzaDante56.Createdin1967followingthelarge-scaleexpropriationoftheItaliancommunity,St.Anthony’schurchandtheadjacentpublicspaceofPiazzaDanteareseenasgatheringplacesforthedisplacedcommunities.
Finally,theBoothStreetComplexisconsideredwithinthethemeofrenewalforitsconsistentapproachtomodernismthroughoutitsmulti-phaseconstructionperiod.MadeupofaseriesofFederalGovernmentBuildingsbuiltbetween1927and1958,thestructuresspeaktoanexpandedfederalinterestinnaturalresourcesandextractionindustries.Asexamplesofprogressingapproachestomodernarchitecture,thestructuresintheBoothStreetcomplexdemonstrateanincrementalrenewalofformalarchitecturalarrangements.Organisedinacampus-formatalongBoothandRochesterstreets,thestructuresareindividuallyrecognizedbytheFederalHeritageBuildingsReviewOffice57.
Figure17:AdultHighSchool,2017.Photo:AlisonCreba
Figure18: VolunteersRinaFiloso(left)andElviraCitrotendthegardensofPiazzaDante.Source:ottawaitalians.com/Community/piazzaDante.htm
Figure19:SurveysandMappingBuilding,1994.Source:http://historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=10145
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HeritageAttributes:
• Flowingwhitewater:Chaudièrefalls,“outflow”;• Spiritualandculturalpracticesconnectedtowaterandland,especiallythroughthesoundof
water;• ControlledwaterviaChaudièreRingDam;• ClusterofindustrialbuildingsonChaudière,Albert,VictoriaandAmeliaIslands;• RelationshiptoQuebecviabridges;• Dynamictopography-escarpments,hills,rockcuts;• Visibleexposedstone;• Presenceoflimestoneandslateinarchitecturalfeatures,especiallyinstructuresnearby/on
NannyGoatHill.Specifically,Pooley’sBridge&St.VincentHospital• OpenandcoveredAqueductsinLebretonFlats;• ContinuedwaterpumpingviaFleetStreetPumpingStation;• Cultivationanduseof‘outflow’viacommunitygroups,esp.OttawaRiverRunners• Baths/Swimmingpools:PlantBathandEv.Tremblayoutdoorswimmingpoolsince1976;• Activeraillines;• Industrialbuildingsandsmallworkershousinginproximitytoraillines;• Bridgesconnectingneighbourhoodoverraillines;• Multi-lanetransportationroutesforbusesandcars;• PublicspaceassociatedwithChineseandItalianculturalgroups;• Expressionsofcommunityunityviagardens,publicart,outdoorfestivals,monuments.• ‘MainStreets’asconduitsforcommunitycohesionproximaterelationshipofsmallbusinessesto
oneanother;• Localbusinesses,accessibleanddiversestore-frontage;• Corner-storesinresidentialneighbourhood• Diversearchitecturalstyles,expressionsandtypes;• Denselyclusteredworkershousing,oftenrowhouses,circa1900.Wood-framewithbrick
veneerinthe‘Italianate’style.• Largerhomesoflumberbarons,circa1900.Brickvaneeronwood-framewithornamental
detailing.E.g.VennHouseat69Elmst.• Co-ophousingalongBooth,PrestonandWalnutstreets.• ModernindustrialandofficearchitectureoftheFederalGovernmentincludingBoothstreet
complexaswellasPublicservicesandprocurementCanadaat1010SomersetStW,and256ElmStreet;
• Industrialactivity–productionandrepair:manufacturing,workshops• Creativeinterpretationof‘remnant’spaces:woodshops/artiststudios/smallbusinessesatCity
Centre,whitewatercourseintheoutflowofFleetStreetPumphouse,ArtGalleries:Gallery101,CentralArtGarage,ArtFlowGalleryandOrangeGallery
• ArchitecturalsalvageandAntiquesat989SomersetStWand145SpruceStreet.• Vacantspace–aproductofahistoryoferasure/development;• Constantconstructionandseriesofdevelopmentproposals,especiallyforLebretonFlats;
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AppendixA:HeritageResources
Buildingname Location DateofConstruction
Typology Architect Designation&date
TheCheneyHouse
176Bronson Circa1870 Residential n/a OntarioHeritageAct,PartIV
- 190Bronson 1889 Residential n/a OntarioHeritageAct,PartIV
FleetStreetPumpingStation
10FleetStreet
1874 Industrial ThomasKeefer
OntarioHeritageAct,PartIV,1983
Pooley’sBridge 9FleetStreet
1873 Industrial unknown OntarioHeritageAct,PartIV
PlantBath 130Prestonstreet/930SomersetSt.W
1924 Recreational Millson&Burgess
OntarioHeritageAct,PartIV,1988.
St.Luke’sAnglicanChurch
760SomersetSt.W
1922 Religious unknown OntarioHeritageAct,PartIV,
VennHouse 69ElmStreet
1900 Residential n/a OntarioHeritageAct,PartIV,1988.
GeneratingStationNo.2
ChaudièreIsland
1891 Industrial n/a FederalHeritageDesignation,1992
EMRComplex:FuelTestingLaboratory
562BoothStreet
1927-1929 Office/Industrial
W.E.Noffke FHBROrecognized,1987
PhysicalMetallurgyLaboratory,
BuildingsA,BandC.(BoothSt.Complex)
568BoothStreet
1942-1952 Office/Industrial
W.E.Noffke FHBROrecognized,1988
OreDressingLaboratory
(BoothSt.Complex)
552BoothStreet
1937-39 Office/Industrial
W.E.Noffke FHBROrecognized,1987
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Buildingname Location DateofConstruction
Typology Architect Designation&date
IndustrialMineralsandCeramics
(BoothSt.Complex)
405RochesterStreet
1939 Office/Industrial
W.E.Noffke FHBROrecognized,1987
ChemicalRadioactiveOresBuilding
(BoothStComplex)
555BoothSt 1955 Office AllwardandGouinlock
FHBROrecognized
GeologicalSurveyofCanadaBuilding
(BoothStComplex)
601BoothSt 1955 Office AllwardandGouinlock
FHBROrecognized
SurveysandMappingBuilding
(BoothStComplex)
615BoothSt 1955 Office AllwardandGouinlock
FHBROrecognized
NRCAN(NaturalResourcesCanada)AdministrativeBuilding
(BoothStComplex)
588BoothSt 1958 Office AllwardandGouinlock
FHBROrecognized
FormerNCCBuilding
401LebretonStreet
1930 Office/Commercial
n/a FHBRORecognized:1997
Aqueducts(coveredandexposed)
n/a 1874,1912 IndustrialInfrastructure
ThomasKeefer
None
ChaudièreBridge BoothStreet,Ottawa,ONT/RueEddy,Gatineau,QC
1919 Industrial DominionBridgeCompany
None
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Buildingname Location DateofConstruction
Typology Architect Designation&date
PrinceofWalesBridge
Ottawa,ONT/Gatineau,QC
1880 Industrial C.SchalerSmith
None
MainMill ChaudièreIsland
1900 Industrial n/a None
BoothBoardMill ChaudièreIsland
1912 Industrial n/a None
Administration/StablesandCarriageHouse
AlbertIsland 1900 Office/Industrial n/a None
CentralStores AlbertIsland 1900 Industrial n/a None
E.BEddyBoxShop
ChaudièreIsland
1878-1892 Industrial n/a None
GeneratingStationNo.4
ChaudièreIsland
1878-1892 Industrial n/a None
OttawaConstructionAssociation
196BronsonAve
1961 Office PeterDickinson
None
PrescottRealtyBuilding
437PrestonSt.
Commercial n/a None
CityCentre 250CityCentreAve
1962 Industrial n/a None
AdultHigh/HighSchoolofCommerce/OttawaCollegiateInstitute
300RochesterAve
1967 Educational n/a None
PiazzaDante GladstoneandBoothStreet.
1967 PublicPark NCC/ItalianCanadianCommunity
None
ChinatownArch SomersetStreet&CambridgeAvenue
2010 Monument Builtby:R.W.TomlinsonLtd.
PublicWorksProjectoftheYear,2011–fromAmericanPublicWorksAssociation(APWA).
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1Jenkins,AnAcreofTime,17.2Dumont,2013.http://albertdumont.com/the-kettle-of-boiling-waters-chaudiere-falls-algonquin-territory/3Morrison,James.“AlgonquinHistoryintheOttawaRiverWatershed”CulturalHeritage172.3(13-22)http://www.thealgonquinway.ca/pdf/algonquin-history.pdf4Taylor,Ottawa,AnIllustratedHistory,645Jenkins,1546Picton,Rubbleandruin:WalterBenjamin,post-warurbanrenewalandtheresidueofeverydaylifeonLeBretonFlats,Ottawa,Canada(1944–1970),p.135.7Picton,1348ParksCanada.“BoothStreetComplex,SurveysandMappingBuilding.”DirectoryofFederalHeritageDesignations.http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_fhbro_eng.aspx?id=81889NCCWatch.“NCCBlunders:LebretonFlats”(blog)http://nccwatch.org/blunders/lebreton.htm10Taylor,11.11Taylor,11.12Dumont,Albert‘SouthWind’inconversationwithJudithMatheson.“Spirituality,ResponsibilityandtheChaudièreFalls.”EquitableEducation.ca.February18,2014.https://equitableeducation.ca/2014/spirituality-chaudiere-falls-responsibility,andDumont,Albert‘SouthWind’.“TheKettleofBoilingWaters:ChaudièreFalls,AlgonquinTerritory”December28,2013.(blog)http://albertdumont.com/the-kettle-of-boiling-waters-chaudiere-falls-algonquin-territory/13CanadianMuseumofHistory.“TheChaudièreDam.”http://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/hist/hull/rw_28_ie.shtml14“TheHistoryandArchitectureofChaudièreFallsareaofOttawa,Ontario”http://aix1.uottawa.ca/~weinberg/chaudier.html15ibid16Canada’sHistoricPlaces.“OttawaHydroGeneratingStationNo.2”http://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=4360&pid=28428&h=Generating,Station,No(4)17EnergyOttawa.“ChaudièreFalls”http://energyottawa.com/generation/chaudiere-falls/18Maitland,HistoricalSketchesofOttawa,12219Hale,James“TroubledWaters”OttawaMagazine.May/June2005.http://www.ottawariverrunners.com/uploads/OttawaMagPHArticle(1).pdf20Maitland,12221Maitland,12222Hale,29andOntarioHeritageTrust.“FleetStreetPumpingStation”.http://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/en/index.php/properties/fleet-street-pumping-station23Stewart,“ThePublicBathsofOttawa:AHeritageReconsidered”,8824Stewart,8725Stewart,8626Stewart,90,MPLundyConstructionInc.“PlantBathRecreationCentre.”http://www.mplundy.com/plant-bath-recreation-centre,and,PlantPoolRecreationAssociation.“AboutPPRA.”https://plantpool.org/27King,“Findingthespringinpurespring.”201528Churcher,Colin.“TheRailwaysofOttawa:Bridges.”RailwayPages.http://churcher.crcml.org/circle/Findings_Bridges.htm29Churcher,Colin.“125thAnniversaryoftheOpeningofthePrinceofWalesBridge.”RailwayPageshttp://churcher.crcml.org/Articles/Article2006_01.html30Phillips,Adrian.“FortheMoment:PrinceofWalesPark,”2016.31“TheBridgesofChaudièreFalls.”http://aix1.uottawa.ca/~weinberg/bridges.html32Kennedy,Brendan.“ChaudièreBridgeRemainsClosed”,2008.33Taylor,194.34Taylor,19435Taylor,4936King,Andrew.“RemarkableStoneRuinsof19thCenturyRailwayRoundhouseUnearthedatCityCentre”,2016
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37Pearson,Matthew.“WalktheLine:TheCitizentreksacrossthebiggestinfrastructureprojectinOttawa’shistory,”201638Taylor,19039Thesymbolicsignificanceofthisstreetismanifestedinpartinaseriesofpublicartworkedentitled“PostcardsfromthePiazzas”,createdin2010byartistcjfleury.AdescriptionofthemontheCityofOttawa’swebsitereads,“Aftertwoyearsofcollectingsourcematerialfromcommunitymembers,theartistcreatedthissculpturalseries.Itbringstogetherfragmentsofthecommunities’heritageandculture.EachelementforgeslinksandcreatesnostalgiabetweentheviewerandnotionsoftheItalianpiazza,amarketsquare.Theeclecticismoftoday’scommunityisreflectedbythebreadthofgenres,periodsandstylesportrayedinthesculptures.”CityofOttawa,http://ottawa.ca/en/residents/arts-heritage-and-culture/public-art/art-street40OurLittleItaly.OttawaItalians:Community.http://www.ottawaitalians.com/Community/community.htm41DailyCommercialNews.“OttawaChinatownarchgetsAmericanPublicWorksAssociationaward.”August18,2011.http://dailycommercialnews.com/en-US/Home/News/2011/8/Ottawa-Chinatown-arch-gets-American-Public-Works-Association-award-DCN046121W/42“Weareofficiallynotapark—it’sanindustrialoutflow.”DougCorkerydescribingthePumphouserun.Hale,“TroubledWaters”,2005.43“Effectofexpropriation:Residentialpropertyownersjustoutsidethetargetnowfacedadebrisfilledwastelandandfeltthestingingeffectonlandvalues.SeveralresidentspleadedwiththeNCCtoacquiretheirlandinadjacentareasaspartoftheexpropriation.OthersurgedtheNCCtoensureitsbuildingswerebeingmaintained,expressingamongotherthingsconcernoverhousesbeingtorndown,boardeduporabandoned.”Picton,154-5.44OttawaRiverRunners,“ThePumphouse,”2017.http://www.ottawariverrunners.com/detail.php?id_sub=2andHale,2005.45OttawaRiverRunners,“ThePumphouse,”2017.http://www.ottawariverrunners.com/detail.php?id_sub=246Reevely.“Once-reviledCityCentrecomplexfindsnewlifeashipsterhotspot”.201447CapitalModern.“CityCentre.”http://www.capitalmodern.ca/modern/works/city-centre/48ibid49“LorneAvenueHeritageConservationDistrict:DesignationRationale.”http://lorneavenue.tripod.com/50IncludedinthedemolitionofthisareawastheGallasBakery,alongstandinginstitutionfortheItaliancommunity.GiovannaMigarellidescribestheeffectsoftheexpropriation:“Soonafter,landpredominatelyownedbytheItalianswasexpropriatedbythecity.EverythingchangedfortheGallasandmanyinthecommunity.“Wewereaveryclosefamily.Weallstucktogether,untilallofusgotseparated.Itwasn’twhatwewantedatall,”Annesayswithasigh.ManyarguethatthingswereneverthesameintheItaliancommunityaftertheexpropriation.Thetightlyknitcommunitythattheyhadoncecherished,theyfelt,hadfallenapart.”(Mingarelli,www.ottawaitalians.com/).Whilethedestructionwasasignificantblowtothecommunity,MingarellicontinuestodescribethewaysinwhichthecommunitycontinuedtoparticipateintheculturallandscapeofSt.Anthony’schurch.FionaStorydocumentsthis:"Irememberthechurchhadtoworkhardtohelppeopleinthecommunity,"saidIerullo,who'shomewasalsoexpropriated."Therewerealotoflossesandthechurchhadtoworkhardtocomfortpeopleandhelpthem."ManyItaliansleftthecommunitybutcontinuetoreturntothechurchregardlessofwheretheylivenow(Story,http://www.ottawaitalians.com/Community/stAnthonysChurch.htm).51Keith,TheCollegiateInstituteBoardofOttawa:AShortHistory:1843-1969,34.52Keith,32.53Keith,3454HearsayfromArchitecturalhistorian,AndrewWaldron(Feb9,2017)55AdultHighSchool.“AboutUs.”https://adulths.ocdsb.ca/AboutUs/Pages/School-Profile.aspx56Filoso,Angelo.“AdoptionofPiazzaDanteasaMillenniumProject.”OurLittleItaly.http://www.ottawaitalians.com/Community/piazzaDante.htm57Oneexampleofastatementofsignificancecanbefoundat:ParksCanada.“BoothStreetComplex,SurveysandMappingBuilding.”DirectoryofFederalHeritageDesignations.http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_fhbro_eng.aspx?id=8188Otherwise,acompletelistofBoothStreetComplexstructuresisdocumentedinAppendixAasHeritageResources.