Natural resources /ICSE 5th class syllabus

Natural resourcesBy Sarala for her

Daughter Joshitha Class v

What are resources?

All natural elements that are part of the earth and which humans need and value are called resources

Theses resources like air, water, sunlight, forests and minerals are called natural resources

Divided into … 1.Perennial resources 2.Renewable resources 3.Non-renewable resources

Natural resources

Perennial resources sunlight winds Tides

These are always available to us, hence they are called perennial

Renewable resources

Plants

Forests

soil

oxygen

water

Carbon dioxide

Animals

Renewable resources

These resources can be renewed, re-grown or replenished…..

Renewable sources of energy

Also called alternative energy

How ever the cost of developing renewable energy resources are very high……

Natural resources that can eventually get exhausted and can not be replenished are called non renewable resources.

Non renewable resources

petroleum

Minerals Natural gases coal

Since it takes millions of years for nature to replenish these sources, and it cannot keep up with speed at which we are using them.

Minerals

These are naturally occurring substances that are found in rocks below the earths surface

They are obtained by process called mining

Coal and petroluem

Coal and petroleum are called fossil fuels as they are formed when rocks exert pressure on the remains of dead plants and animals

They provide fuel for vehicles and cooking

Natural gas is used both as domestic and industrial fuel

The burning of fossil fuels causes environmental pollution

A serious effect of environmental pollution is acid rain.

Beware!!!Renewable resources should be used at same speed at which they are replaced

If we keep using them carelessly at the current rate, they will soon become scarce and eventually die out.

Example for Excess of usage of resources

If we keep cutting trees with out replacing them 1.We will loose our forests

2.We will loose soil

3.We will loose our plants and animals living there

Can you think of any plant or animal that has become extinct?

1.Land resources

2.Forest resources

3.Water resources

4.Mineral resources

5.Human resources

Natural resources in india

India is blessed with all kinds of natural resources like:

Natural resources in India

1.water-from rains, rivers, lakes, a long coastal line

2.Land

3.Wide variety of animals

4.Wide variety of plants

5.Plenty of sunshine

6.sources of energy

7. Minerals

8. Human resources

Land resources are greatest asset to our country

Land resources

We are largely a land and agriculture based economy.

Due to varied land forms and climatic conditions prevailing in different parts of country, varied soil types have developed in different parts

What is soil ?

Formation of soil

It is topmost layer of the earth formed by rocks which have broken up and are finally divided and mixed with decayed animal and vegetable matter

It is in this layer that plants can grow

Use of soil

Formation of soil is mainly due to breaking down of rocks.

It has taken thousand of years for soil to form, and this process is happening even today

Formation of soil

Reasons for breaking down of rocks are:

Action of sun, wind and rain causes rocks to breakup and crumble

Rocks expand during day when it is warm and contracts in the nights when it is cool. This continuous expansion and contraction of rocks cause them to break into tiny pieces or cause cracks in the rocks

When it rains plants grow trough the cracks of the rocks. This makes cracks wider and help the process of breaking of rocks.

Rains carry soil into streams and rivers and there it becomes part of silt

The wind can blow away some of the soil to other areas

Types of soilBlack soil

Found in Gujarat and Maharashtra

Crops that grow in black soil are cotton,tobaco and ground nuts{cash crops)

Red soil

Found in Andhrapradesh and Karnataka

Crops that grow in red soil are millets and tobacco

Mountain soil

Found in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachalpradesh and Uttaranchal

Crops that grow in mountain soil are fruits like apple peach apricots and flowers

Fine grained fertile soil deposited by water flowing over flood plains or in river beds

Alluvial soil

Found in Punjab, Haryana, Bihar , Uttarpradesh and west Bengal

Crops that grow in Alluvial soil are wheat, rice(food crops) and sugar cane (cash crops)

Fine grained fertile soil deposited by water flowing over flood plains or in river beds

Laterite soil

Found in Kerala, Karnataka, Assam and Tamilnadu

Crops that grow in lateritic soil are tea, coffee and spices(cash crops)

Fine grained fertile soil deposited by water flowing over flood plains or in river beds

Desert soil

Found in Rajasthan

Crops that grow in desert soil are oil seeds(cash crops) jowar, bajra(food crops)

Map of soils

Crops grown in India (food crops)

Rice

Grown in west Bengal, Andhrapradesh, Tamilnadu, Odisha, Assam, Punjab, and Uttarpradesh

Grown in Punjab, Haryana, Uttarpradesh, Maharashtra , Karnataka and Rajasthan

Millets

Grown in Punjab, Haryana, Uttarpradesh, Maharashtra and Madhyapradesh

Wheat

Crops grown in India (cash crops)

cotton

Grown in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Andhrapradesh

Grown in Assam, Bihar, Odisha and Tripura

Jute

Grown in Assam, Bihar, West Bengal, Kerala and Tamilnadu

Tea

Grown in Karnataka and Tamilnadu

Coffee

Grown in Maharashtra and Rajasthan, Gujarat, Tamil nadu, Karnataka, Odisha, Madhyapradesh, Punjab and Haryana(soyabean, ground nut, sunflower, rape seed, sesame

Oilseeds

Grown in Tamil nadu, Karnataka, Andhrapradesh Uttarpradesh and Maharashtra,

Sugar cane

Wild life

Tiger is our national animal .Tigers are commonly found in 1. Foot hills of

Himalayas2. Monsoon forests in

central and southern India

3. Sundarban forests in Ganga-brahmmaputra delta

Tiger

Elephants Asiatic lion

One-horned rhinocerosLeopards

Snow leopards

Indian bisons/gaur

Monkeys

Deer

Antelopes

Snakes gharials

reptiles

peacock

Other famous birds include 1.Parrots2.Kingfishers3.Pheasents4.Ducks5.Pigeons6.Cranes

Birds

Forest resources

India has different kind of forests 1.Tropical evergreen forest(high rainfall) 2.Deciduous forests(high rainfall) 4.Alpine vegetation (mountain slopes)

1.Tropical evergreen forest(high rainfall

2.Deciduous forests(high rainfall)

3. Desert vegetation(desert areas)

4.Alpine vegetation

The trees grown in these forests are :

1.Teak2.Eucalyptus3.Sandalwood4.Sal5.Pine6. Babool7.bamboo

Water resources

Perennial rivers

The rivers of northern part of India which receives from the melting of snow of the Himalayas are called perennial rivers

Non perennial rivers

In southern India some rivers are non perennial. They are rain fed and depend on monsoons for water supply

Northern part of India is more fertile due to flow of perennial rivers

Desert states:

Desert states like Rajasthan and Gujarat depend on neibhouring states for irrigation water

The force of running water is used

to produce electricity.

Many multi purpose projects have been built on large rivers to supply water and electricity to different states

Bhakra nangal project

This project is on Sutlej river

It benefits Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi and Rajasthan

Damodar valley project

Damodar river benefits states of Bihar and west Bengal

Indira Gandhi canal project

Is made on Beas ,Sutlej and Ravi rivers in states of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. This project benefits some parts of Rajasthan

Tungabhadra project

Is on Tungabhadra river. This project benefits Karnataka and Andhrapradesh

Hirakud dam on the Mahanadi river in odisha is the worlds longest earth dam

Mineral sources

Iron

Iron is found in odisha, Karnataka , Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh. Iron and steel plants are located in Rourkela, Bokaro and Bhilai

Coal mines

Are located in eastern part of the country in the states of odisha, Bihar and west Bengal

Oil and natural gas

Oil and natural gas are found in Assam, Gujarat, and Arabian sea near Mumbai

Man power is one of the chief resource that our country has. our vast population is great source of labour which has contributed substantially towards the economic progress of our country

Misuse of renewable resources

Felling of trees

Killing of animals

Pollution of water

Misuse of non renewable resources takes years to replenish the non renewable sources. There fore, we should try our best to conserve them

Conservation of resources

Saving water resources

Saving fuel resources

Personal cars should be avoided

Avail public transport to save fuel

Regular pollution check should be done

Saving energy resources: