NASA JPL/NSTA Web Seminar: Robotic Exploration of the Red ... · Analyzer (TEGA) • Mass Spectrometer (10 ppb), 8 cells • 1000°C Furnace • Univ. of Arizona & Univ. of Texas
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NASA JPL/NSTA Web Seminar:
Robotic Exploration of the Red Planet
LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP
Wednesday, May 14, 2008
Robotic Exploration of theRed Planet
Greg MehallArizona State University
School of Earth and Space ExplorationMars Space Flight Facility
Instrument System Engineer & Mission Manager
Image Credit: NASA/STSci/AURA
Why Study Mars?
Search for lifeMars has water, atmosphere, sunlight - could it have life?
Comparison to EarthMars may have undergone a large change in its climateCould we learn something about climate change on Earth?
Curiosity and explorationMars has the same land area as the EarthIt is a complex place - not just a point of light in the night sky
Image Credit: NASA/JPL
How Do We Approach This Problem?
What do we think all life needs?
WaterLook for environments where water may have existed
LandformsMinerals
How do we do this?OrbitersRoversReturned samplesHuman explorationNew ways of looking
Image Credit: NASA/JPL/ASU
NASA Mars Science Strategy
Geology
Life
Climate
Prepare for Human Exploration
W
A
T
E
R
WhenWhereForm
Amount
“Follow theWater”
Image Credit: NASA/JPL
NASA Mars Exploration ProgramPast Decade
Currently Operating MissionsImage Credit: NASA/JPL
2001 Mars Odyssey Orbiter
2001 Mars Odyssey Spacecraft
Thermal EmissionImaging System(THEMIS)
Gamma RaySpectrometer (GRS)Sensor Head
NeutronSpectrometer
High EnergyNeutron Detector(HEND)
High GainAntenna (HGA)
SolarPanels
Martian RadiationEnvironmentExperiment(MARIE)
Image Credits: NASA/JPL
Launched April 2001 (Delta II)Started Science Mapping February 2002400 km Polar Mapping Orbit (2 hour period)
Dry Mass = 376 kg (829 lbs)
2001 Mars Odyssey
Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Lockheed Martin
2001 Mars Odyssey
Image Credits: NASA/KSC/Lockheed Martin/Boeing
Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS)
Image Credits:NASA/JPL/ASU/Raytheon SBRS
Infrared and Visible Imaging System
10 band IR (100m/pixel)5 band VIS (18m/pixel)
Mineralogical MappingThermophysical PropertiesAtmospheric MonitoringGeomorphologyDeveloped by Arizona State University and Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing
http://themis.asu.edu
Day/Night IR MosaicAram Chaos
Gamma Ray Spectrometer Instrument Suite
Gamma Ray SensorUniversity of ArizonaElemental Abundance Mapping
High Energy Neutron Detector (HEND)
Russian Space Research Institute (IKI)Hydrogen Mapping
Neutron SpectrometerLos Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)Hydrogen Mapping
Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona/LANL/IKI
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
Launched August 2005 (Atlas V)Started Mapping in November 2006255-320 km Polar Mapping Orbit (2 hour period)
Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Lockheed Martin
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Subsystems
up to 6 Mbits/sec(3 meter diameter)
Dry mass = 1,031 kg (2,273 lbs)
Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Lockheed Martin
SHARAD
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Lockheed Martin
MRO HiRISE Camera
High Resolution Camera30 cm/pixel (@300km)0.5 m telescope14 focal planes (VIS/NIR)6 km swath, 20k pixels (red)1.2 km swath (blue/green & NIR)
Developed by University of Arizona and Ball Aerospace
Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona/Ball Aerospace
HiRISE Imagery
Avalanche on North Polar Scarp
Mawrth Vallis - Proposed MSL Landing Site
Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona
Other MRO Science Instruments
Context Imager (CTX)• Visible imager: 1 band• 6 m/pixel & 32 km swath (@400 km)• Malin Space Science Systems
Mars Color Imager (MARCI)• Visible/NIR imager: 7 band• 1-4 km/pixel & 140° swath (@400 km)• Malin Space Science Systems
Image Credits: NASA/JPL/JHU-APL/MSSS
Compact Reconnaissance ImagingSpectrometer for Mars (CRISM)• Visible and Near IR spectrometer• ~18 m/pixel & ~10 km swath (@300 km)• Johns Hopkins University APL
Mars Climate Sounder (MCS)• Visible and IR Sounder: 9 bands• 5 km/pixel & 105 km FOV (@300 km)• Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Mars Exploration Rovers (MER)
Image Credit: NASA/JPL
Mars Exploration Rovers
Spirit (MER-A)Launched: June 10, 2003Launch Vehicle: Delta II 7925Arrival at Mars: January 3, 2004Landing Site: Gusev CraterPrimary mission: 90 solsCurrent Sol: 1552
Opportunity (MER-B)Launch: July 7, 2003Launch Vehicle: Delta II 7925-HeavyArrival at Mars: January 24, 2004Landing Site: Meridiani PlanumPrimary mission: 90 solsCurrent Sol: 1532
Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell
MER Landing Sites
Image Credit: NASA/JPL/GSFC
Quiz
Which of the spacecraft below consisted of only a lander?(use your stamp tool)
Viking Pathfinder MER
MER Delta II 7925-9.5
Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Boeing
MER-A on the Pad
Image Credits: NASA/KSC
MER-A & Fairing Encapsulation
Image Credits: NASA/KSC
MER-A Launch (June 10, 2003)
Image Credit: NASA/KSC
MER-A Launch
Image Credits: ASU
MER-BDelta II 7925
Heavy
Image Credit: NASA/KSC
MER-B Launch(July 7, 2003)
Image Credit: NASA/KSC
Quiz
How long did it take MERto get to Mars?
(make your selection using the stamp tool)
1 month
5 months
7 months
9 months
2 years
MER Cruise Stage and Aeroshell
Image Credit: NASA/KSC
MER Parachute and Airbags
Image Credits: NASA/JPL/ARC
Stowed MER Lander
Image Credit: NASA/JPL
MER on Lander
Image Credit: NASA/JPL
Rover Solar Panels
Image Credit: NASA/JPL
“Rocker-Bogie” Mobility System
Image Credit: NASA/JPL
Fully Deployed Rover
Image Credit: NASA/JPL
Driving Tests at KSC
Image Credit: NASA/JPL
Rover Science Payload
Solar Arrays
Low GainAntenna (LGA)
Pancam MastAssembly (PMA)
Pancam (pair)
Navcam (pair)
High GainAntenna (HGA)
UHFAntenna
InstrumentDeploymentDevice (IDD)
IDD Instruments(APXS, MB, MI, RAT) Miniature Thermal Emission
Spectrometer (Mini-TES)
Mass = 175 lbs
Rover WarmElectronics Box (WEB)
Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell
Rover Trenching and IDD
Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell
Microscopic Image of Soil
Image Credit:NASA/JPL/Cornell
Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT)
Image Credit:NASA/JPL/Cornell
Spirit Traverse: Sol 1506 (7.5 km)
Image Credits:NASA/JPL/Cornell/MSSS/OSU
Spirit Landing Site Panorama
Columbia Hills
Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell
Columbia Hills West Spur
Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell
Sol 329 Dusty Deck Pan
Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell
Sol 432 “Clean” Deck Pan
Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell
Dust Devils - Martian Vacuum Cleaners
Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Cornell
Opportunity Traverse: Sol 1487 (11.7 km)
Image Credits:NASA/JPL/Cornell/MSSS/Univ. of Arizona/OSU
Opportunity Panorama
Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell
Making Tracks
Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell
Victoria Crater
Opportunity
Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Cornell/Univ. of Arizona
MRO HiRISE Orbital Image
Opportunity Surface Image
NASA Mars Exploration ProgramNext Decade
2020
TBD mission based on
budget and science feed-forward
TBD mission based on
budget and science feed-forward
TBD missionMSR Element #1
TBD missionMSR Element #1
Sample Receiving Facility online by 2022
TBD missionMSR Element #2
TBD missionMSR Element #2
Image Credit: NASA/JPL
Phoenix Mars Lander
Phoenix Mars Lander
Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona
Launched August 2007 (Delta II)Landing on May 25, 2008 at 4:36 PM PDT90 Sol Primary Surface MissionDry mass = 350 kg
Science Objectives:- Study the History of Water in All its Phases- Search for Evidence of Habitable Zone and Assess the Biological Potential of the Ice-Soil Boundary
Phoenix Landing Site (68° N lat, 233° E lon)
MRO HiRISE Image ofPolygonal Terrain (68.3° N, 232.9° E)
250m x 250m
MRO MARCI Image
MRO CTX Image (68° N, 127° W)
100km x 20km landing ellipse
Image Credits:NASA/JPL/MSSS/Univ. of Arizona
Phoenix Lander Science Configuration
Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona
Phoenix SpacecraftBuilt by Lockheed Martin Space Systems
Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Lockheed Martin
Phoenix Science Instruments
Robotic Arm (RA)• 2.35m long, 0.5m deep trench• Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Robotic Arm Camera (RAC)• Visible color imager, RGB lamps• 23 µm/pixel• Univ. of Arizona & Max
Planck Institute
Mars Descent Imager (MARDI)• Visible imager, 1024x1024 CCD• 66° FOV• Won’t be used due to I/F issue• Malin Space Science Systems
Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona/MSSS
Surface Stereo Imager (SSI)• Visible and Near IR imager• 12 spectral filters• 1024x1024 CCD• Univ. of Arizona
Thermal and Evolved GasAnalyzer (TEGA)• Mass Spectrometer (10 ppb), 8 cells• 1000°C Furnace• Univ. of Arizona & Univ. of Texas
Meteorological Station (MET)• Light detection & ranging (LIDAR)• MET mast: Pressure and Temp.• Canadian Space Agency
Microscopy, Electrochemistry, andConductivity Analyzer (MECA)• Wet chemistry lab (4 cells)• Optical & atomic force microscopes,
4 µm/pixel, 69 substrates• Thermal & electrical conduct. probe• Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Phoenix Entry, Descent and Landing (EDL)
“EDL: 7 minutesof Terror” Movie
Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona/Lockheed Martin
Mars Science Laboratory
Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
Launches September 2009 (Atlas V)Lands Summer 20101 Mars Year Primary Surface Mission (687 Earth days)Dry mass = 850 kg
Image Credit: NASA/JPL
Science Goals:- Determine whether life ever arose on Mars- Characterize the climate of Mars- Characterize the geology of Mars- Prepare for human exploration
Mars Science Laboratory
Image Credits: NASA/JPL
MSL Science Instruments
Cameras:Mast Camera (MastCam)Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI)Mars Descent Imager (MARDI)
Spectrometers:Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS)Chemistry & Camera (ChemCam)Chemistry & Mineralogy X-Ray Diffraction/X-Ray Fluorescence Instrument (CheMin)Sample Analysis at Mars Instrument Suite with Gas Chromatograph, Mass Spectrometer, and Tunable Laser Spectrometer (SAM)
Radiation Detectors:Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD)Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN)
Environmental Sensors:Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS)
More exciting discoveries to come …
Thank You Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell
Thanks to our presenter Greg Mehall and to NASA
JPL and Arizona State University for sponsoring
this program
http://www.elluminate.com
http://learningcenter.nsta.org
National Science Teachers AssociationGerry Wheeler, Executive Director
Frank Owens, Associate Executive Director Conferences and Programs
Al Byers, Assistant Executive Director e-Learning
LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP
NSTA Web SeminarsFlavio Mendez, Director
Jeff Layman, Technical Coordinator
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