NASA JPL/NSTA Web Seminar: Robotic Exploration of the Red ... · Analyzer (TEGA) • Mass Spectrometer (10 ppb), 8 cells • 1000°C Furnace • Univ. of Arizona & Univ. of Texas

NASA JPL/NSTA Web Seminar:

Robotic Exploration of the Red Planet

LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP

Wednesday, May 14, 2008

Robotic Exploration of theRed Planet

Greg MehallArizona State University

School of Earth and Space ExplorationMars Space Flight Facility

Instrument System Engineer & Mission Manager

Image Credit: NASA/STSci/AURA

Why Study Mars?

Search for lifeMars has water, atmosphere, sunlight - could it have life?

Comparison to EarthMars may have undergone a large change in its climateCould we learn something about climate change on Earth?

Curiosity and explorationMars has the same land area as the EarthIt is a complex place - not just a point of light in the night sky

Image Credit: NASA/JPL

How Do We Approach This Problem?

What do we think all life needs?

WaterLook for environments where water may have existed

LandformsMinerals

How do we do this?OrbitersRoversReturned samplesHuman explorationNew ways of looking

Image Credit: NASA/JPL/ASU

NASA Mars Science Strategy

Geology

Life

Climate

Prepare for Human Exploration

W

A

T

E

R

WhenWhereForm

Amount

“Follow theWater”


NASA Mars Exploration ProgramPast Decade

Currently Operating MissionsImage Credit: NASA/JPL

2001 Mars Odyssey Orbiter

2001 Mars Odyssey Spacecraft

Thermal EmissionImaging System(THEMIS)

Gamma RaySpectrometer (GRS)Sensor Head

NeutronSpectrometer

High EnergyNeutron Detector(HEND)

High GainAntenna (HGA)

SolarPanels

Martian RadiationEnvironmentExperiment(MARIE)

Image Credits: NASA/JPL

Launched April 2001 (Delta II)Started Science Mapping February 2002400 km Polar Mapping Orbit (2 hour period)

Dry Mass = 376 kg (829 lbs)

2001 Mars Odyssey

Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Lockheed Martin

2001 Mars Odyssey

Image Credits: NASA/KSC/Lockheed Martin/Boeing

Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS)

Image Credits:NASA/JPL/ASU/Raytheon SBRS

Infrared and Visible Imaging System

10 band IR (100m/pixel)5 band VIS (18m/pixel)

Mineralogical MappingThermophysical PropertiesAtmospheric MonitoringGeomorphologyDeveloped by Arizona State University and Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing

http://themis.asu.edu

Day/Night IR MosaicAram Chaos

Gamma Ray Spectrometer Instrument Suite

Gamma Ray SensorUniversity of ArizonaElemental Abundance Mapping

High Energy Neutron Detector (HEND)

Russian Space Research Institute (IKI)Hydrogen Mapping

Neutron SpectrometerLos Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)Hydrogen Mapping

Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona/LANL/IKI

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)

Launched August 2005 (Atlas V)Started Mapping in November 2006255-320 km Polar Mapping Orbit (2 hour period)

Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Lockheed Martin

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Subsystems

up to 6 Mbits/sec(3 meter diameter)

Dry mass = 1,031 kg (2,273 lbs)

Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Lockheed Martin

SHARAD

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)


MRO HiRISE Camera

High Resolution Camera30 cm/pixel (@300km)0.5 m telescope14 focal planes (VIS/NIR)6 km swath, 20k pixels (red)1.2 km swath (blue/green & NIR)

Developed by University of Arizona and Ball Aerospace

Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona/Ball Aerospace

HiRISE Imagery

Avalanche on North Polar Scarp

Mawrth Vallis - Proposed MSL Landing Site

Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona

Other MRO Science Instruments

Context Imager (CTX)• Visible imager: 1 band• 6 m/pixel & 32 km swath (@400 km)• Malin Space Science Systems

Mars Color Imager (MARCI)• Visible/NIR imager: 7 band• 1-4 km/pixel & 140° swath (@400 km)• Malin Space Science Systems

Image Credits: NASA/JPL/JHU-APL/MSSS

Compact Reconnaissance ImagingSpectrometer for Mars (CRISM)• Visible and Near IR spectrometer• ~18 m/pixel & ~10 km swath (@300 km)• Johns Hopkins University APL

Mars Climate Sounder (MCS)• Visible and IR Sounder: 9 bands• 5 km/pixel & 105 km FOV (@300 km)• Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Mars Exploration Rovers (MER)


Mars Exploration Rovers

Spirit (MER-A)Launched: June 10, 2003Launch Vehicle: Delta II 7925Arrival at Mars: January 3, 2004Landing Site: Gusev CraterPrimary mission: 90 solsCurrent Sol: 1552

Opportunity (MER-B)Launch: July 7, 2003Launch Vehicle: Delta II 7925-HeavyArrival at Mars: January 24, 2004Landing Site: Meridiani PlanumPrimary mission: 90 solsCurrent Sol: 1532

Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell

MER Landing Sites

Image Credit: NASA/JPL/GSFC

Quiz

Which of the spacecraft below consisted of only a lander?(use your stamp tool)

Viking Pathfinder MER

MER Delta II 7925-9.5

Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Boeing

MER-A on the Pad

Image Credits: NASA/KSC

MER-A & Fairing Encapsulation

Image Credits: NASA/KSC

MER-A Launch (June 10, 2003)

Image Credit: NASA/KSC

MER-A Launch

Image Credits: ASU

MER-BDelta II 7925

Heavy


MER-B Launch(July 7, 2003)


Quiz

How long did it take MERto get to Mars?

(make your selection using the stamp tool)

1 month

5 months

7 months

9 months

2 years

MER Cruise Stage and Aeroshell


MER Parachute and Airbags

Image Credits: NASA/JPL/ARC

Stowed MER Lander


MER on Lander


Rover Solar Panels


“Rocker-Bogie” Mobility System


Fully Deployed Rover


Driving Tests at KSC


Rover Science Payload

Solar Arrays

Low GainAntenna (LGA)

Pancam MastAssembly (PMA)

Pancam (pair)

Navcam (pair)

High GainAntenna (HGA)

UHFAntenna

InstrumentDeploymentDevice (IDD)

IDD Instruments(APXS, MB, MI, RAT) Miniature Thermal Emission

Spectrometer (Mini-TES)

Mass = 175 lbs

Rover WarmElectronics Box (WEB)


Rover Trenching and IDD


Microscopic Image of Soil

Image Credit:NASA/JPL/Cornell

Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT)

Image Credit:NASA/JPL/Cornell

Spirit Traverse: Sol 1506 (7.5 km)

Image Credits:NASA/JPL/Cornell/MSSS/OSU

Spirit Landing Site Panorama

Columbia Hills


Columbia Hills West Spur


Sol 329 Dusty Deck Pan


Sol 432 “Clean” Deck Pan


Dust Devils - Martian Vacuum Cleaners

Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Cornell

Opportunity Traverse: Sol 1487 (11.7 km)

Image Credits:NASA/JPL/Cornell/MSSS/Univ. of Arizona/OSU

Opportunity Panorama


Making Tracks


Victoria Crater

Opportunity

Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Cornell/Univ. of Arizona

MRO HiRISE Orbital Image

Opportunity Surface Image

NASA Mars Exploration ProgramNext Decade

2020

TBD mission based on

budget and science feed-forward

TBD mission based on

budget and science feed-forward

TBD missionMSR Element #1


Sample Receiving Facility online by 2022




Phoenix Mars Lander

Phoenix Mars Lander

Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona

Launched August 2007 (Delta II)Landing on May 25, 2008 at 4:36 PM PDT90 Sol Primary Surface MissionDry mass = 350 kg

Science Objectives:- Study the History of Water in All its Phases- Search for Evidence of Habitable Zone and Assess the Biological Potential of the Ice-Soil Boundary

Phoenix Landing Site (68° N lat, 233° E lon)

MRO HiRISE Image ofPolygonal Terrain (68.3° N, 232.9° E)

250m x 250m

MRO MARCI Image

MRO CTX Image (68° N, 127° W)

100km x 20km landing ellipse

Image Credits:NASA/JPL/MSSS/Univ. of Arizona

Phoenix Lander Science Configuration

Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona

Phoenix SpacecraftBuilt by Lockheed Martin Space Systems


Phoenix Science Instruments

Robotic Arm (RA)• 2.35m long, 0.5m deep trench• Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Robotic Arm Camera (RAC)• Visible color imager, RGB lamps• 23 µm/pixel• Univ. of Arizona & Max

Planck Institute

Mars Descent Imager (MARDI)• Visible imager, 1024x1024 CCD• 66° FOV• Won’t be used due to I/F issue• Malin Space Science Systems

Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona/MSSS

Surface Stereo Imager (SSI)• Visible and Near IR imager• 12 spectral filters• 1024x1024 CCD• Univ. of Arizona

Thermal and Evolved GasAnalyzer (TEGA)• Mass Spectrometer (10 ppb), 8 cells• 1000°C Furnace• Univ. of Arizona & Univ. of Texas

Meteorological Station (MET)• Light detection & ranging (LIDAR)• MET mast: Pressure and Temp.• Canadian Space Agency

Microscopy, Electrochemistry, andConductivity Analyzer (MECA)• Wet chemistry lab (4 cells)• Optical & atomic force microscopes,

4 µm/pixel, 69 substrates• Thermal & electrical conduct. probe• Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Phoenix Entry, Descent and Landing (EDL)

“EDL: 7 minutesof Terror” Movie

Image Credits: NASA/JPL/Univ. of Arizona/Lockheed Martin

Mars Science Laboratory

Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)

Launches September 2009 (Atlas V)Lands Summer 20101 Mars Year Primary Surface Mission (687 Earth days)Dry mass = 850 kg


Science Goals:- Determine whether life ever arose on Mars- Characterize the climate of Mars- Characterize the geology of Mars- Prepare for human exploration

Mars Science Laboratory

Image Credits: NASA/JPL

MSL Science Instruments

Cameras:Mast Camera (MastCam)Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI)Mars Descent Imager (MARDI)

Spectrometers:Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS)Chemistry & Camera (ChemCam)Chemistry & Mineralogy X-Ray Diffraction/X-Ray Fluorescence Instrument (CheMin)Sample Analysis at Mars Instrument Suite with Gas Chromatograph, Mass Spectrometer, and Tunable Laser Spectrometer (SAM)

Radiation Detectors:Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD)Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN)

Environmental Sensors:Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS)

More exciting discoveries to come …

Thank You Image Credit: NASA/JPL/Cornell

Thanks to our presenter Greg Mehall and to NASA

JPL and Arizona State University for sponsoring

this program

http://www.elluminate.com

http://learningcenter.nsta.org

National Science Teachers AssociationGerry Wheeler, Executive Director

Frank Owens, Associate Executive Director Conferences and Programs

Al Byers, Assistant Executive Director e-Learning

LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP

NSTA Web SeminarsFlavio Mendez, Director

Jeff Layman, Technical Coordinator

NASA JPL/NSTA Web Seminar: Robotic Exploration of the Red ... · Analyzer (TEGA) • Mass Spectrometer (10 ppb), 8 cells • 1000°C Furnace • Univ. of Arizona & Univ. of Texas

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