Nama : Prof. Dr. H. Djanggan Sargowo , dr., SpPD . , SpJP (K),
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Nama Nama :: Prof. Dr. H. Djanggan SargowoProf. Dr. H. Djanggan Sargowo, dr., , dr., SpPDSpPD..,, SpJP(K), SpJP(K), FIHA, FACCFIHA, FACC, , FESC,FESC, FCAPC, FASCCFCAPC, FASCC
Tempat/Tgl lahirTempat/Tgl lahir :: Sragen, 21 September 1947 Sragen, 21 September 1947AlamatAlamat :: Wilis Indah E-10 Malang, Telp. 0341-552395Wilis Indah E-10 Malang, Telp. 0341-552395Pendidikan Pendidikan :: 1.1. Lulus Dokter dari UGM, tahun 1974Lulus Dokter dari UGM, tahun 19742.2. Lulus Cardiologist dari Univ. Indonesia, tahun 1983Lulus Cardiologist dari Univ. Indonesia, tahun 19833.3. Lulus Internist dari Univ. Airlangga, tahun 1986Lulus Internist dari Univ. Airlangga, tahun 19864.4. Lulus Doktor, Univ. Airlangga, tahun 1996Lulus Doktor, Univ. Airlangga, tahun 19965.5. Advanced Cardiology Course, Univ. Hongkong, tahun 1984Advanced Cardiology Course, Univ. Hongkong, tahun 19846.6. Senior Visiting Program, Institut Jantung Negara, Kualalumpur, 1996Senior Visiting Program, Institut Jantung Negara, Kualalumpur, 19967.7. Fellow American College of Cardiology (FACC), September 2006.Fellow American College of Cardiology (FACC), September 2006.8.8. Fellow Collage Asia Pacific Society of Cardiology (FCAPC), Desember Fellow Collage Asia Pacific Society of Cardiology (FCAPC), Desember
200720079.9. Fellow European Sociaty of Cardiology (FESC), 2008Fellow European Sociaty of Cardiology (FESC), 200810.10. Fellow Asean Collage of Cardiology (FASCC), 2008Fellow Asean Collage of Cardiology (FASCC), 2008Jabatan :Jabatan :1.1. Dosen Pengajar Program Pascasarjana Universitas BrawijayaDosen Pengajar Program Pascasarjana Universitas Brawijaya2.2. Ketua MKEK Ikatan Dokter Indonesia Cabang Malang RayaKetua MKEK Ikatan Dokter Indonesia Cabang Malang Raya3.3. Ketua PERKI Cabang Malang RayaKetua PERKI Cabang Malang Raya4.4. Anggota Kolegium Kardiovaskuler IndonesiaAnggota Kolegium Kardiovaskuler Indonesia5.5. Dekan Fak. Kedokteran UDekan Fak. Kedokteran Univ. niv. WWijaya ijaya KKusuma Surabayausuma Surabaya6.6. Ketua Dewan Pengawas Rumah Sakit PendidikanKetua Dewan Pengawas Rumah Sakit Pendidikan7.7. Ketua Program Studi Kardiovascular Fak. Kedokteran Univ. BrawijayaKetua Program Studi Kardiovascular Fak. Kedokteran Univ. Brawijaya
Curriculum VitaeCurriculum Vitae
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STEM CELL THERAPHY INSTEM CELL THERAPHY INCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESCARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Djanggan SargowoDjanggan Sargowo
Surabaya, 12 Mei 2012Surabaya, 12 Mei 2012
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O V E R V I E WO V E R V I E W
What’s the problem?What’s the problem?Hype? Hype? Reality?Reality?Hope?Hope?Conclusions Conclusions
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What’s the Problem ?What’s the Problem ?
55
U N M E T M E D I C A L U N M E T M E D I C A L N E E D N E E D
Diabetes 12.1 million sufferers in US (2002) Costs $132 billion p.a. (2002) rising to $156 billion
p.a. (2010)Cardiovascular disease
64.4 million cases in US (2004) Costs $368.4 billion p.a. (2004)
Parkinson’s Disease 100,000 sufferers in UK Treatment costs £600 million p.a. (1998)
Paul Rodgers, 2006, Ithaka Lifesciences
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DEGENERATIVE DEGENERATIVE DISEASESDISEASES
Other examplesOther examples Alzheimer’s, spinal cord injuries, Amyotrophic Alzheimer’s, spinal cord injuries, Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, liver Lateral Sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, liver disease etcdisease etc
Restoration of cell or organ functionRestoration of cell or organ functionCurrent drugs don’t treat the causeCurrent drugs don’t treat the causeOrgan transplantsOrgan transplants
Expensive, donor shortages, not applicable to Expensive, donor shortages, not applicable to many diseasesmany diseases
Paul Rodgers, 2006, Ithaka Lifesciences
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Coronary heart disease is Coronary heart disease is the #1 cause of morbidity the #1 cause of morbidity and mortality in the US.and mortality in the US.
CHF is the #1 cause of CHF is the #1 cause of hospitalization for those hospitalization for those age > 65 yo.age > 65 yo.
Annual health care costs Annual health care costs related to cardiovascular related to cardiovascular diseases was ~ $220 diseases was ~ $220 billion last year.billion last year.
Stem cell transplant is a Stem cell transplant is a promising and exciting promising and exciting therapy.therapy.
BackgroundBackground
2004 American Heart Association UpdateOrlic D, et al. Nature 2001
88Boenjamin Setiawan, dr.,PhD
Boenjamin Setiawan, dr.,PhD
Challenge: Knowledge Challenge: Knowledge ExplosionExplosion
““We are drowning in We are drowning in information but starved information but starved for knowledge.”—Naisbitt, for knowledge.”—Naisbitt, ‘82‘82
99
1010
Bone marrow stem cells (BMSC)Bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC)Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) Skeletal myoblasts (SKM)Skeletal myoblasts (SKM) Embryonic stem cells (ESC)Embryonic stem cells (ESC) Cardiac stem cells (CSC)Cardiac stem cells (CSC) Cardiac progenitor cells (isl1+)Cardiac progenitor cells (isl1+)
AVAILABLE STEM AVAILABLE STEM CELLSCELLS
**Stem cells are capable of self-renewal, transformation into dedicated progenitor cells, and differentiation into specialized progeny
Joseph Wu, MD, PhD; Department of Medicine/Cardiology; Department of Radiology/Nuclear Medicine; Email: joewu@stanford.edu
Shinya Yamanaka & James Thomsonpotential Nobel Prize Winners in the
FutureShinya Yamanaka,45, working in Japan's Kyoto University with mouse cells, made the iPS breakthrough. He screened 24 candidate proteins before finding four that were able to reprogram adult cells, reverting them to their embryonic state. He and others then showed that these factors are also effective in human cells. Developmental biologist James Thomson,49, of the University of Wisconsin was the first to identify a slightly different group of factors that do the same.Boenjamin Setiawan, dr.,PhD
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VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA, MAY 3, 2010 – The March of Dimes awarded Shinya Yamanaka, MD, PhD, (third from left)
its 2010 Prize in Developmental Biology at a gala event.
23/05/2010, Seminar Univ Brawijaya
Boenjamin Setiawan, dr.,PhD1212
Induced pluripotent stem cells – the science and technology
Chi-Wei Lu, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, RWJMS/UMDNJ
Director, Human Embryonic Stem Cell Facility
Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award, 2009
1313Boenjamin Setiawan, dr.,PhD
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EMBRYONIC STEM EMBRYONIC STEM CELLSCELLS
Immortal A single cell line is all you need
Precursors of all cell types Can produce any cell you need
Can divide without limit Unlimited supply
Paul Rodgers, 2006, Ithaka Lifesciences
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EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS SURVEYSURVEY
ES cell therapy is 10-15 years awayWill be used to treat certain diseases
Diabetes, cardiovascular, single gene defects, MS, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, liver disease, spinal cord injury, retinal disease
Schering and Merck are the only pharma companies to say they are interested at this stage
Paul Rodgers, 2006, Ithaka Lifesciences
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ADULT STEM CELLSADULT STEM CELLS
Can be isolated from most tissues e.g. bone marrow, cord blood, fat, skin etc
Generate cell types of tissue of origin Produce useful cells for therapies
Plasticity Can be coaxed into forming cells of
completely different tissues e.g. neurons from blood cells
Paul Rodgers, 2006, Ithaka Lifesciences
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CLINICAL USE OF ADULT STEM CLINICAL USE OF ADULT STEM CELLSCELLS
Bone marrow transplants Replace blood cells ablated by cancer therapies
~ 300 clinical studies on haematopoietic stem cells Cell expansion is a key issue
Haematopoietic stem cells may be able to restore function to damaged cardiac tissue (3 trials so far)
Neural stem cell trial started in 2006 Batten’s disease (Stem Cells Inc.)
Developments in China and Korea
Paul Rodgers, 2006, Ithaka Lifesciences
23/05/2010, Seminar Univ Brawijaya 1818
Boenjamin Setiawan, dr.,PhD
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INDUCED INDUCED PLURIPOTENT CELLS PLURIPOTENT CELLS
AND AND TRANSPLANTATION TRANSPLANTATION
THEORYTHEORY Adult cellsAdult cells(skin fibroblasts)(skin fibroblasts)
OCT4OCT4SOX2SOX2KLF4KLF4(Myc)(Myc)
OCT4OCT4SOX2SOX2
NANOGNANOGLin28Lin28
Self Self renewalrenewal
iPS cellsiPS cells
Genetic repair by homo- Genetic repair by homo- logous recombination logous recombination
(if necessary)(if necessary)
DifferentiationDifferentiation
In vitro screening of In vitro screening of drug candidates on drug candidates on
healthy and healthy and diseased cellsdiseased cells
Tranplan-Tranplan-tationtation
Healthy or diseases Healthy or diseases adult human or adult human or mousemouse
Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Hematopoietic SCsMesenchymal SCs
HemangioblastsSP cellsMAPC
Sca-1+ cellsMyoblastsSP cells
Mesenchymal SCsSPcells
Cell Sources for Cardiac Repair
CSC
Acute Chronic
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CARDIAC PROGENITOR CARDIAC PROGENITOR CELLS IN THE FETAL CELLS IN THE FETAL AND ADULT HEARTAND ADULT HEART BlastocystBlastocyst Fetal or adult heartFetal or adult heart
ES cellsES cells
Cardiovascular Cardiovascular differentiationdifferentiation
In vitro In vitro differentiationdifferentiation TranplatationTranplatation
In vivo differentiation
Vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells or cardiomyocytes
Vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells or cardiomyocytes
Tissue engineeringMice & other Mice & other
speciesspeciesTranplatationTranplatation
Cardic progenitor cellsCardic progenitor cells(Kit+, SCA1+, SP or MDR1+)(Kit+, SCA1+, SP or MDR1+)
(NKX2 2-5+ or lsl1+) (NKX2 2-5+ or lsl1+)
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TRANSPLANTATION TRANSPLANTATION STRATEGY FOR STRATEGY FOR
CARDIAC REPAIRCARDIAC REPAIR
Human ES Human ES cellscells
Differentiating Differentiating human ES cellshuman ES cells
ES-cell-derived ES-cell-derived cardiomyocytescardiomyocytes
Cardiac Cardiac progenitor cellsprogenitor cells
Cell injected into the Cell injected into the myocardium of myocardium of imunodeficient mice after imunodeficient mice after myocardial infarctionmyocardial infarction
Functional analysis by Functional analysis by magnetic resonance magnetic resonance
imaging, ultrasonography imaging, ultrasonography or pressure-volume loopsor pressure-volume loops
Analysis after Analysis after immunostaining of heart immunostaining of heart tissue sectionstissue sections
Adult stem cells Adult stem cells from bone marrowfrom bone marrow
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THERAPEUTIC THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS IMPLICATIONS OF CARDIAC OF CARDIAC PROGENITOR PROGENITOR
CELLSCELLS
HumanHuman Mouse
BlastocystBlastocystFetalFetal AdultAdult
Pluripotency Pluripotency genesgenes
Skin
-actinin-actinin PECAMPECAM SMASMA
Models of heart development Models of heart development Models of diseaseModels of disease
Drug testingDrug testingTissue engineering Tissue engineering
CARDIAC THERAPHYCARDIAC THERAPHY
iPS cellsiPS cellsES cellsES cells
CARDIAC PROGENITOR CELLSCARDIAC PROGENITOR CELLS
Tissue Engineered Myocardium
From www.aic.cuhk.edu.hk/web8/Hi%20res/Heart.jpg
Ischemic heart disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Western societies with 7,100,000 cases of myocardial infarction (MI) reported in 2002 in the United States alone
Within 6 years of MI, 22% of men and 46% of women develop CHF
MI and CHF will account for $29 billion of medical care costs this year in the US alone
Cardiac transplantation remains the best solution, but there is an inadequate supply of donor organs coupled with the need for life-long immunosuppression following transplantation 2424
Boenjamin Setiawan, dr.,PhD
Decrease in EPCs associated with CV disease
Werner N, Nickenig G. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:257-66.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Atherosclerosis
Improvement of endothelial function
Enhanced re-endothelialization
Reduced plaque size
Improved angiogenesis
Myocardial infarction
Ischemic stroke
Erectile dysfunction
Renal insufficiency
Peripheral artery disease
Disease Regression? Disease Progression
Vasculoprotective agents CV risk factors
EPCs in CV diseasesEPCsEPCs
TherapeuticsTherapeuticsPathophysiologyPathophysiology
AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis
Heart diseaseHeart disease
Peripheral vascular diseasePeripheral vascular disease
CV risk factorsCV risk factors
Endothelial dysfunctionEndothelial dysfunction
CollateralsCollaterals
RestenosisRestenosis
CV diseaseCV disease
Courtesy of Arshed A. Quyyumi, MD.
EPC physiology
• Originate in bone marrow• Circulate in blood stream• Number and function (proliferation, migration, homing)
modulated by age, CV risk factors, and disease• Release stimulated by organ and vascular injury• Participate in vascular repair (collateralization) and
re-endothelialization, partly by paracrine effects• Circulating numbers by exercise and drugs (statins and
ACE inhibitors) • Independent predictors of endothelial dysfunction and
long-term prognosis in patients with CADHill JM et al. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:593-600.
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tPA
EC
SMC
Pal-1
Pal-1
Pal-1
tPA
Pal-1EC
SMC
Normal vessel
Atherosclerotic plaque
Christ et al., Senescent SMCs Increase Vascular Wall PAI-1 ExpressionChrist et al., Senescent SMCs Increase Vascular Wall PAI-1 Expression
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Resting endothelial cell Procoagulant, antifibrinolytic matrix-degrading, leukocyte binding endothelial cell
IL-1, TNF
Collagen Elastin
CollagenaseGelatinasesElastolyticenzimesClass II MHC
Antigen
T-cell antigen receptor
T-lymphocyte
IFN TNF
Activatedmatrix-degrading
smooth muscle cell
IL-1TNF
Apoptoticsmooth
muscle cell
Restingsmooth muscle cell
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Unstable Unstable Coronary Coronary Artery Artery Disease (II) Disease (II)
Thrombus forms and extends into the lumen
Adventitia
Thrombus
Lipid core
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Clinical classification of ACS
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
No ST ElevationNo ST Elevation ST ElevationST Elevation
Unstable Unstable Angina Angina PectorisPectoris
MI (NSTEMI)MI (NSTEMI) MI (STEMI)MI (STEMI)
No Q-waveNo Q-wave Q-waveQ-waveNational Heart Foundation of Australia, Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand.Med J Aust 2000;173 (suppl):S65–S88
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BACKGROUND ON BACKGROUND ON REMODELLINGREMODELLING
Acute infarctionAcute infarction(hours)(hours)
Infarct expansionInfarct expansion(hours to days)(hours to days)
Global remodellingGlobal remodelling(days to months)(days to months)
Improvement of LV remodelling has been Improvement of LV remodelling has been associated with improvement in mortality and associated with improvement in mortality and morbidity outcomes in CHFmorbidity outcomes in CHF
3333
MANAJEMEN SKA
- Oklusi > 4-6 jam Nekrosis miokard irreversibleIMA dengan gel q (IMA-Q)
- Reperfusi Menurunkan morbiditas - mortalitas
- Fase Pre hospital stageHospital stage : - IGD
- CVCU
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23/05/2010, Seminar Univ Brawijaya 3535
Boenjamin Setiawan, dr.,PhD
3636
CELL-TRANSPLATATION STUDIES IN MODELS OF EXPERIMENTAL CELL-TRANSPLATATION STUDIES IN MODELS OF EXPERIMENTAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTIONMYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
RC Trials using Intracoronary BMC post MI
LEUVEN-AMI
MI size
ND
ND
P=n.s.
ND
-28%(P=0.03)
(n=60)
(n=84)
(n=184)
(n=67)
FINCELL +7.1% (P=0.05) ND (n=80)
+ 2.8% (P=n.s.)*
* 18-months follow-up
04/21/23
Myocardial Homing and Biodistribution of 18F-FDG-labeled BMC 50 to 75 min after Transfer
Hofmann et al., Circulation 2005; 111: 2198-202
Unselected BMC
CD34-enriched BMC
1.3% to 2.6% in infarct (center)
14% to 39%in infarct (border zone)
3D PET
Schachinger, V. et al. Circulation 2008;118:1425
111In uptake in patient after an anterior AMI (cell administration 5 days after acute PCI)
111In uptake in patient after an anterior AMI (cell administration 5 days after acute PCI)
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Therapy Anno 2010: from drugs to cells?
• Clinical outcome in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients with LV dysfunction remains unacceptable with combined event rates of 25% despite state-of-the art treatment.
• Modest improvement in cardiac function in RCTs of BMC transfer is attributable to:
– limited homing, engraftment, and survival of BMCs
– lack of cardiac muscle regeneration
– (differences in cell infusate)
Conclusions: Cell Therapy for Heart Failure 2010
• Mixed bone marrow-derived progenitor cells have paracrine trophic effects in the dysfunctional ischemic heart. Whether they can affect clinical outcome in patients with large MI, at risk for maladaptive remodeling and heart failure, remains to be determined in prospective RCT.
• Identification of cell-specific effects and enhancement of progenitor cell functionality warrant focused trials.
• Major breakthrough requires a better understanding of post-natal cardiomyogenesis and strategies to stimulate endoge-nous regeneration, paralleled by effective neovascularisation.
Conclusions: Cell Therapy for the Dysfunctional Heart 2010
• Modest improvement in cardiac function in 6 RCTs of BMC transfer is attributable to:– limited homing, engraftment, and survival of cells
– lack of cardiac muscle regeneration
– differences in cell infusate
• Progenitor cell transfer is best reserved for patients with large MI, at risk for heart failure.
• Identification of best cell type, enhancement of cell functionality and stimulation of endogenous cardiac repair warrant focused translational trials.
Science Push!
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EXPEDITED REVIEWEXPEDITED REVIEW
Transplantation of Progenitor Cells Transplantation of Progenitor Cells and Regeneration Enhancement and Regeneration Enhancement
in Acute Myocardial Infarctionin Acute Myocardial Infarction
Final One-Year Results of the Final One-Year Results of the TOPCARE-AMITOPCARE-AMI Trail Trail
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ObjectivesObjectives
BackgrouBackgroundnd
MethodMethod
ResultResult
ConclusioConclusionn
The Transplantation of Progenitor Cells And Regeneration Enhancement in Acute The Transplantation of Progenitor Cells And Regeneration Enhancement in Acute Myocardial Infarction (TOPCARE-AMI) trial investigates both safety, feasibility, Myocardial Infarction (TOPCARE-AMI) trial investigates both safety, feasibility, and potential effect on parameters of myocardial function of intracoronary and potential effect on parameters of myocardial function of intracoronary infusion of either circulating progenitor cells (CPC) or bone marrow-derived infusion of either circulating progenitor cells (CPC) or bone marrow-derived progenitor cells (BMC) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)progenitor cells (BMC) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
A total of 59 patients with AMI were randomly assigned to receive either CPC A total of 59 patients with AMI were randomly assigned to receive either CPC (n=30) or BMC (n=29) into the infarct artery at 4.9 (n=30) or BMC (n=29) into the infarct artery at 4.9 1.5 days after AMI. 1.5 days after AMI.
Intracoronary infusion of progenitor cells (either BMC or CPC) is safe and Intracoronary infusion of progenitor cells (either BMC or CPC) is safe and feasible in patients after AMI successfully revascularized by stent implantation. feasible in patients after AMI successfully revascularized by stent implantation. Both the excellent safety profile and observed favorable effect on LV Both the excellent safety profile and observed favorable effect on LV remodelling, provide the rationale for larger randimized doble-blind trials. (J Am remodelling, provide the rationale for larger randimized doble-blind trials. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:1690-9) Coll Cardiol 2004;44:1690-9) 2004 by the American Collage of Cardiology 2004 by the American Collage of Cardiology Foundation. Foundation.
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TRIAL DESIGNTRIAL DESIGN59 patients with acute MI undergoing 59 patients with acute MI undergoing
successful PCI / sten revascularizationsuccessful PCI / sten revascularization- LV angigraphy -- LV angigraphy -
CPCCPCIntracoronary infusion of Intracoronary infusion of
circulating progenitor cellscirculating progenitor cells
n = 30n = 30
n = 30n = 30
n = 29n = 29
n = 29n = 29
n = 27n = 27 n = 27n = 27
n = 27n = 27
n = 27n = 27n = 18n = 18
Pregenitor cell theraphyPregenitor cell theraphy3 – 7 days3 – 7 days
Post stent revascularizationPost stent revascularization
BMCBMCIntracoronary infusion of Intracoronary infusion of
bone-marrow cells; n = 29bone-marrow cells; n = 29
4 month clinical follow-up4 month clinical follow-up
12 months clinical follow-up12 months clinical follow-up
Patients excluded from exploratory analysis Patients excluded from exploratory analysis
Addational AMIAddational AMI n = 1 n = 1
< 10< 1055 cells received cells received n = 1 n = 1
*4 months LV angiography*4 months LV angiography
* 4 & 12 months MRI* 4 & 12 months MRI
n = 1 AMI & deathn = 1 AMI & death
4646
Baseline CharacteristicsBaseline Characteristics
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PROCEDURAL SAFETY OF PROCEDURAL SAFETY OF INTRACORONARY PROGENITOR INTRACORONARY PROGENITOR
CELL INFUSIONCELL INFUSION Both cellBoth cell
CPCCPC BMCBMC GroupsGroups(n = 30)(n = 30) (n = 29)(n = 29) ( n = 54)( n = 54)
Procedural complications*Procedural complications* 00 00 00CRC (mg/dl)CRC (mg/dl) Before cell theraphyBefore cell theraphy 2.8±2.2 (2.0)2.8±2.2 (2.0) 3.5±2.6 (2.6)3.5±2.6 (2.6) 3.1±2.4 (2.3)3.1±2.4 (2.3) 24 h after cell therapy24 h after cell therapy 2.6±2.3 (1.8)2.6±2.3 (1.8) 3.2±2.0 (2.8)3.2±2.0 (2.8) 2.9±2.2 (2.3) 2.9±2.2 (2.3) 14 d after cell therapy (n=48)14 d after cell therapy (n=48) 0.65±0.54 (0.5)0.65±0.54 (0.5) 1.1±1.3 (0.6)1.1±1.3 (0.6) 0.82±0.97 (0.5)0.82±0.97 (0.5) 4 months follow-up4 months follow-up 0.49±0.38 (0.3)0.49±0.38 (0.3) 0.40±0.18(0.3)0.40±0.18(0.3) 0.44±0.30(0.3)0.44±0.30(0.3)
TroponinTroponin Before cell theraphyBefore cell theraphy 2.3±1.9 (1.7)2.3±1.9 (1.7) 2.5±2.1 (1.9)2.5±2.1 (1.9) 2.4±2.0 (1.85) 2.4±2.0 (1.85) 24 h after cell therapy24 h after cell therapy 1.5±1.4 (1.2)1.5±1.4 (1.2) 1.9±1.8 (1.5)1.9±1.8 (1.5) 1.7±1.6 (1.4) 1.7±1.6 (1.4) 14 d after cell therapy (n=48)14 d after cell therapy (n=48) 0.02±0.03 (0.01) 0.02±0.03 (0.01) 0.03±0.04(0.01)0.03±0.04(0.01) 0.03±0.04 (0.01)0.03±0.04 (0.01)
Value are expressed as mean ± SD (median). Value are expressed as mean ± SD (median). *Thrombosis, embolization, or disection related to cell infusion.*Thrombosis, embolization, or disection related to cell infusion.
4949
CLINICCLINICAL AL
EVENTEVENTSS
5050
EVENTS-FREE SURVIVAL OF DEATH, RECURRENT EVENTS-FREE SURVIVAL OF DEATH, RECURRENT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, OR TARGET VESSEL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, OR TARGET VESSEL
REVASCULARIZATION REVASCULARIZATION (Kaplan-Meier analysis)(Kaplan-Meier analysis)
0 100 200 300 0 100 200 300 daysdaysnumbernumberexposed 59 57 57 46 45 45 45 45exposed 59 57 57 46 45 45 45 45to riskto risk
76 %76 %
100100
9090
8080
7070
6060
5050
4040
3030
2020
1010
00
Ev
ent-
fre
e s
urv
iva
l (%
)E
ven
t-fr
ee
su
rviv
al (
%)
Dea
th,
myo
card
ial
infa
rcti
on
,D
eath
, m
yoca
rdia
l in
farc
tio
n,
Infa
rct
vess
el r
evas
cIn
farc
t ve
ssel
rev
asc
5151
LEFT VENTRICULAR ANGOGRAPHY: LEFT VENTRICULAR ANGOGRAPHY: QUANTITATIVE GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LEFT QUANTITATIVE GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LEFT
VENTRICULAR FUNCTIONVENTRICULAR FUNCTION
5252
8080
7070
6060
5050
4040
3030
2020
CPCCPC
Qu
an
tita
tiv
e g
lob
al
Qu
an
tita
tiv
e g
lob
al
left
ve
ntr
icu
lar
eje
cti
on
fra
cti
on
(%
) le
ft v
en
tric
ula
r e
jec
tio
n f
rac
tio
n (
%)
Initial 4 monthsInitial 4 months
p < 0.001p < 0.001AA
5353
8080
7070
6060
5050
4040
3030
2020
BMCBMC
Qu
an
tita
tiv
e g
lob
al
Qu
an
tita
tiv
e g
lob
al
left
ve
ntr
icu
lar
eje
cti
on
fra
cti
on
(%
) le
ft v
en
tric
ula
r e
jec
tio
n f
rac
tio
n (
%)
Initial 4 monthsInitial 4 months
p < 0.001p < 0.001BB
5454
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION We still have mountains to We still have mountains to
climbclimb
Alps for adult stem cellsAlps for adult stem cells
Himalayas for embryonic stem Himalayas for embryonic stem cellscells
5555
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