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Tamil Nadu Open University
Regulations and Overview for M.Sc., Physics (Non-Semester) in ODL System
Academic Year 2018-2019
Department of Physics
School of Science
Tamil Nadu Open University
Chennai- 600 015
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PHYSICS
REGULATIONS
1. Objective and Eligibility
The recent developments in physical sciences, has been included in the enriched M.Sc.,
(Physics) Syllabus to meet out the present day needs of academic and Research, Institutions and
Industries.
A candidate who has passed the B.Sc., Degree Examination in Branch III Physics Main
or B.Sc. – Electronics / Any B.Sc., degree with specialization Applied Physics, Electronics,
Nuclear Physics or Nanophysics or an examination of some other university accepted by the
syndicate as equivalent thereto shall be permitted to appear and qualify for the M.Sc. Physics
Degree Examination of this University after a course of two academic years. Admissions
performed in academic year only.
2. Duration of the Course and Medium:
The course for the degree of Master of Science (Physics) shall consist of Two academic
years and the medium of instruction is English only.
3. Course of Study
The course of study shall comprise instruction in the following subjects according to the
syllabus
I YEAR
1. Major I
2. Major II
3. Major III
4. Major IV
5. Major V 6. Practical – I
II YEAR
7. Major VI
8. Major VII
9. Major VIII
10. Major IX
11. Major X
12. Practical II
4. Examinations:
The theory examination shall be three hours duration to each paper at the end of each
year. The candidates failing in any subject (s) will be permitted to appear for each failed
subject(s) in the subsequent examination.
5. Scheme of Examinations:
The Scheme of Examination of different year shall be as follows: Course code Course title Credits Marks
Assi
gnm
ents
EXT
EXAM
TOTAL
I Year
MPHY 11 Classical and Statistical Mechanics 6 25 75 100
MPHY 12 Mathematical Physics 6 25 75 100
MPHY 13 Electromagnetic Theory 6 25 75 100
MPHY 14 Nuclear Physics 6 25 75 100
MPHY15 Electronics 6 25 75 100
MPHY-P1 Practical I 4 100 100
II Year
MPHY 21 Quantum Mechanics 6 25 75 100
MPHY 22 Condensed Matter Physics 6 25 75 100
MPHY 23 Spectroscopy 6 25 75 100
MPHY 24 Laser and Fiber Optics 6 25 75 100
MPHY 25 Numerical Methods 6 25 75 100
MPHY-P2 Practical II 4 100 100
6. Question Paper Pattern:
Time: 3 Hours Max Marks-75
Part A: 5 x 3 = 15
(Answer all questions)
(Answer any five out of eight questions)
Part B: 5 x 12 = 60
(Answer all questions)
(One question from each Block with internal choice)
7. Passing Minimum:
The candidate shall be declared to have passed the examination if the candidate secures
not less than 50% of marks in the University examination in each theory paper and overall 50
percent in both External Examination and Assignment taken together. For the practical paper a
minimum of 40 marks out of 100 marks in the University examination and the record notebook
taken together is required to Pass the examination. There is no passing minimum for record
notebook. However submission of record notebook is a must.
8. Pattern of Question Paper for Practical Examinations;
Each set of question paper should contain TEN questions and the candidate has to choose
one by lot.
9. Awarding of marks for Practical examinations.
Total Marks: 100 (Practical 80 Marks + Record 20 Marks)
Distribution for 80 Marks:
Formula, circuit diagram and tabular column: 16 Marks (20%)
Observation: 32 Marks (40%)
Result: 8 Marks (10%)
Presentation: 8 Marks (10%)
Total 80 Marks
10. Classification of Successful Candidate:
Candidates who pass all the Courses and who secure 60 per cent and above in the
aggregate of marks in core courses will be placed in the First Class. Those securing 50 per cent
and above but below 60 per cent in the aggregate will be placed in the Second Class.
Block I
MPHY 11 -CLASSICAL AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS
Canonical Transformation
Equations of Canonical Transformations-Lagrange and Poisson‟s Brackets-Invariance-
Equation of Motion in Poisson Bracket Notation.
Hamilton-Jacobi Theory
H-J Equation for Hamilton‟s Principle Function-Hamilton‟s Characteristic Equation-
Separation of Variables-Harmonic Oscillator Problem in H-J Method-Action Angle Variables-
Kepler Problem in Action Angle Variables.
Block II
Rigid Body Dynamics
Generalized coordinates for Rigid Body Motion-Euler Angles-Angular Velocity, Angular
Momentum of a rigid body-Moments and Products of Inertia-Principal Axes Transformation-
Rotational Kinetic Energy-Moment of Inertia of a Rigid Body-Equation of Motion of a Rigid
Body-Euler‟s Equations
Block III
Mechanics of Small Oscillations
Stable and Unstable Equilibrium-Two Coupled Oscillators-Formulation of the Problem-
Properties of T,V and ω-Normal Coordinates and Normal Frequencies of Vibration-Systems with
few Degrees of Freedom-Parallel Pendula-Double Pendulum-Triple Pendulum(degenerate
system)-Linear Triatomic Molecule.
Block IV
Classical Statistical Mechanics
Foundations of Statistical Mechanics: The macroscopic and microscopic states, Postulate
of equal a priori probability, Contact between statistics and thermodynamics; Ensemble theory:
Concept of ensemble, Phase space, Density function, Ensemble average, Liouville‟s theorem,
Stationary ensemble; The microcanonical ensemble, Application to the classical ideal gas; The
canonical and grand canonical ensembles, Canonical and grand canonical partition functions,
Calculation of statistical quantities; Thermodynamics of a system of non-interacting classical
harmonic oscillators using canonical ensemble, and of classical ideal gas using grand canonical
ensemble, Energy and density fluctuations; Entropy of mixing and the Gibbs paradox, Sackur-
Tetrode equation.
Block V
Quantum Statistical Mechanics
Quantum-mechanical ensemble theory: Density matrix, Equation of motion for density
matrix, Quantum- mechanical ensemble average; Statistics of indistinguishable particles, Two
types of quantum statistics- Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistics, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-
Einstein distribution functions using microcanonical and grand canonical ensembles (ideal gas
only), Statistics of occupation numbers; Ideal Bose gas: Internal energy, Equation of state, Bose-
Einstein Condensation and its critical conditions; Bose-Einstein condensation in ultra-cold
atomic gases: its detection and thermodynamic properties; Ideal Fermi gas:Internal energy,
Equation of state, Completely degenerate Fermi gas.
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:
1. Classical mechanics – S.N.Gupta, V.Kumar and H.V.Sharma, Pragati prakasan,1985, New
Delhi.
2. Classical mechanics – H.Goldstein, Addison – Wesley, 1950, U.S.A.
3. Elementary statistical mechanics – S.L.Gupta, V.Kumar Pragati Prakashn Publication 1979
4. Fundamentals of statistical and Thermal Physics, F.Reif (1985, McGrawHill, International
Edition)
5. Classical mechanics – S.L.Gupta, Meenakshi prakashan, 1970, New Delhi.
6. Introduction to classical mechanics – R.G.Takwall and P.S.Puranik, Tata – McGraw Hill,
1980, New Delhi.
7. Classical mechanics – N.C.Rana and P.S.Joag, Tata-McGraw Hill, 1991, New Delhi.
8. Classical Mechanics of particles and Rigid bodies: K.C.Gupta (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi.)
9. Classical Mechanics: N.C.Rana and P.G.Joag (Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi)
10. Statistical Mechanics: K.Huang (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi)
11. Statistical Mechanics: B.K.Agarwal and M.Eisner (wiley Eastern, New Delhi)
Block 1
MPHY 12- MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
Vector space and Matrices
Linear independence of vectors- Dimension- Basis- Inner product of two vectors-
Properties of inner product- Schmidt‟s orthonormalisation method – Linear transformations-
Matrices- inverse of a matrix- orthogonal matrix- unitary matrix- eigen value and eigen vectors
of a matrix- Diagonalisation- Cayley-Hamilton Theorem
Block II
Special Functions
Legendre‟s Polynomials and Functions- Differential Equations and Solutions-Rodriguez
Formula-Generating Functions-Orthogonality-Relation between Legendre Polynomial and their
Derivatives-Recurrence Relations-Bessel‟s Function-Differential Equation and Solution-
Generating Functions-Recurrence Relations
Block III
Fourier and Laplace Transform
Fourier transform- Properties of Fourier transform- convolution- Fourier cosine and sine
transform- Fourier transform of derivatives- Applications of Fourier transform- vibrations in a
string- Laplace transform- Properties of Laplace transform- Inverse Laplace transform -
Applications of Laplace transform- Simple harmonic motion
Block IV
Complex Variable Theory:
Functions of a Complex Variable-Single and Multivalued Functions-Cauchy-Reimann
Differential Equation-Analytical Line Integrals of Complex Function-Cauchy‟s Integral Theorem
and Integral Formula-Derivatives of an Analytic Function-Taylor‟s Variables-Residue and
Cauchy‟s Residue Theorem-Application to the Equation of Definite Integrals-Conformal
Transformations-Invariance of the Laplacian.
Block V
Group theory
Concept of a group- Group multiplication table of order 2, 3, 4 groups- Group symmetry of
equilateral triangle- Group symmetry of a square- Permutation group- conjugate elements-
Representation through similarity transformation- Reducible and irreducible representation-
SU(2) group- SO(2) group
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:
1. Introduction to Mathematical Physics, C.Harper, Prentice Hall, 1978.
2. Matrices and Tensors in Physics, A.W.Joshi, Wiley Eaten, 1985.
3. Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists, Pipes and Harwill, Mc-Graw Hill,1970.
4. Theory and problems of Matrices, Frank Ayres.Jr, Schaum‟s outline series, Mc Graw Hill
Internationational Book Company, Singapore, 1982.
5. Complex variable and Applications. R.V.Churchill, Mc-Graw Hill, 1982.
6. Matrices and Tensors in Physics, A..W. Joshi, Wiley Eastern, 1985.
7. Mathematical Physics, B.D.Gupta, Vikas Publication, 1982.
8. Chemical Applications of Group Theory, F.A.Cotton, Addison Wiley, 1970.
9. The Mathematical Physics and Chemistry Vol. I, Margenau Murphy, Van Nosterland, 1959.
10. Mathematical Statistics, Kanpur and Saxena, S.Chand & Co, 1973.
11. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Wulie and Barrett, Mc-Graw Hill, 1982.
12. Mathematical Physics, Butkov, Addition-Wesley, 1973.
13. Tensor Analysis, I.S.Soklnikoff, John Wiley and Sons, 1960.
14. Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists, Pipes and Harvill, Mc-Graw Hill, 1970.
15. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Wyile & Baratte, Mc-Graw Hill, 1982.
MPHY13 - ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
Block I
Electrostatics
Coulomb‟s Law-charge distributions- Lines of force and flux-Gauss‟s Law and its
applications- The potential function- Poission‟s equation and laplace equation- Equi potential
surfaces- field due to continues charge distribution- energy associated to an electrostatic field-
Electrostatic uniqueness theorem.
Block II
Magnetostatics
Biot-Savart Law- Statement-Lorentz Force Law and Definition of B-General Proof of
Ampere‟s Circuital Law-Divergence and Curl of B-Magnetic Scalar Potential (derivation of
expression only)-Equivalence of Small Current Loop and Magnetic Dipole-Magnetic Vector
Potential (derivation of expression only).
Block III
Dielectrics;
Polarization – the electric field inside a dielectric medium – Gauss law in dielectric and
the electric displacement – Electric susceptibility and dielectric constant – Boundary conditions
on the field vectors – dielectric sphere in a uniform electric field- Force on a point charge
embedded in a dielectric
Block IV
Field equation:
Maxwell‟s equations and their physical significance – plane wave equation in
homogeneous medium and in free space – relation between E and H vectors in a uniform plane
wave- the wave equation for a conducting medium - skin depth – wave propagation in dielectric.
Poynting vector - Poynting‟s theorem
Block V
Interaction of EMW with Matter
Reflection and refraction of EM waves at the boundary of two conducting media –
Normal incidence and oblique incidence – Brewster‟s angle- wave guides – rectangular wave
guide – cavity resonators – radiation from and oscillating dipole –Transmission line theory –
transmission line as distribution circuit- Basic transmission line equations
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:
1. Electromagnetic theory and Electrodynamics – Satya Prakash, Kedarnath Ramnath
& Co, 1985, Chapter – 8,9,10&14.
2. Introduction to Electrodynamics, David J Griffiths
3. Electromagnetic fields and waves, P.Lorrain and D.Corson
4. Electromagnetics – Kraus & Carver, TMH, 1973.
5. Electromagnetic fields and waves – Paul Lorain & Dale R.Corson, CBS
publishers, NewDelhi, 1986.
6. Foundations of Electromagnetic theory – Reitz, Milford & Frederick, Narosa
publishing House, 1986.
7. Classical Electrodynamics, J.D.Jackson, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 1978.
MPHY14- NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Block I
Nuclear Structure
Distribution of Nuclear Charge-Nuclear Mass-Mass Spectroscopy-Bainbridge and
Jordan, Neir, Mass Spectrometer-Theories of Nuclear Composition (proton-electron,
protonneutron)- Bound States of Two Nucleons-Spin States-Pauli‟s Exclusion Principle-Concept
of Hidden Variables-Tensor Force-Static Force-Exchange Force.
Block II
Nuclear Models
Liquid Drop Model: Bohr Wheeler Theory of Fission-Condition for Spontaneous
Fission- Activation Energy-Seaborg‟s Expression. Shell Model: Explanation of Magic Numbers-
Prediction of Shell Model-Prediction of Nuclear Spin and Parity-Nuclear Statistics-Magnetic
Moment of Nuclei-Schmidt Lines-Nuclear Isomerism. Collective Model: Explanation of
Quadrupole Moments-Prediction of Sign of Electric Quadrupole Moments.
Block III
Nuclear reaction and nuclear decay
Types of nuclear reactions, elastic scattering, inelastic scattering, disintegration, radiative
capture, direct reaction – conservation laws – law of conservation of energy, momentum, angular
momentum, charge, spin , parity. Nuclear reaction kinemetics – Expression for Q-value Nuclear
decay: Gawmow‟s theory of alpha decay, Fermi‟s theory of beta decay – Fermi and Gawmow
Teller selection rules – internal conversion – nuclear isomerism
Block IV
Nuclear forces and Properties of nuclear forces
Deutrons – properties of deuteron- ground state of deuteron – excited state – magnetic
quadrupole moment of deuteron- neutron- proton scattering at low energies – proton – proton
scattering at low energies – meson theory of nuclear forces- reciprocity theorem – Breit- wigner
one level formula
Block V
Particle Physics
Leptons-Hadrons-Mesons-Hyperons-Pions-Meson Resonances-Strange Mesons and
Baryons-Gell-Mann Okuba Mass formula for Baryons-CP Violation in Neutral Kaons (K0)
Decay- Symmetry and Conversion Laws-Quark Model-Reaction and Decays-Quark Structure of
Hadrons.
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:
1. Introduction to Nuclear Physics – Herald Enge, Addision Wesley Pub. Co, U.S.A.
2. Nuclear Physics – Irving Kaplan, Oxford & I.B.H Pub & Co.
3. Nuclear Physics – D.C.Tayal, Himalaya House, Bombay.
4. Elements of Nuclear Physics - M C Pandia and R P S Yadav
5. Nuclear Physics an Introduction - S B Patel
6. Atomic Nucleus – R.D.Evans, Mc-Graw Hill, 1955.
7. Nuclear Physics – R.R.Roy and B.P.Nigam, John Wiley 1967
MPHY15- ELECTRONICS
Block I
Number systems
Binary coded decimal number system, Grey code, Grey code to Binary conversion,
Binary to Grey code, Excess 3 code, Decimal to excess 3 code, ASCII code. Universal logic
gates: NAND and NOR gates as universal logic gates – Simplification of logic circuits – De
Morgan‟s laws – Boolean laws – Karnaugh maps – three variable and four variable
maps – max and min terms.
Block II
Arithematic circuits
Half adder – Truth table and circuit – Full adder – Truth table and circuit – Four bit adder
– Half subtractor – Full subtractor – Multiplexer: Four input multiplexer – Applications of
Multiplexer – demultiplexer – Decoders 2 to 4 decoder – BCD to seven segment decoder –
encoders.
Block III
Flipflops
Introduction – NAND LATCH, J K flipflop – J K Master – slave flipflop – D flipflop and
T flipflop – Registers and Counters: Shift registers – serial in – parallelout, serial in – serial out,
parallel in – serial out, parallel in – parallel out shift registers – wave forms for the above –
Counters – up counters, down counters, decade counters, timing sequences, Mod – n counters.
Block IV
Multivibrators
Classification of multivibrators – Astable, monostable, bistable multivibrators using
operational amplifier. D/A and A/D converters: Binary weighted register D/A converter using
Op-Amp – R-2R ladder D/A converter with Op-Amp – Analog to Digital converters (ADC) –
their characteristics.
Block V
Semiconductor Memories
memory cell unit – ROM, RAM – Their classifications – ROM, PROM, EPROM,
EEPROM, RAM,Static RAM, dynamic RAM, Memory read and memory write operations –
Flash memory - Charge coupled Device (CCD).
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:
1. Electronic devices and circuits – J.Millman and C.Halkias, Mc-Graw Hill
publishers,1982.
2. Electronic principles – A.P Malvino, TMH, 1984.
3. Electronic circuits – Schilling and Belove, Mc-Graw Hill, 1981.
4. Digital computer electronics – A.P.Malvino, Tata- Mc-Graw Hill, 1989, New Delhi.
5. Integrated electronics – Millman & Halkias, Mc-Graw Hill, 1971, USA.
6. Digital principles and applications – A.P.Malvino and D.Leach , Tata-Mc-Graw Hill,
1969, New Delhi.
7. Electronic devices and circuits – G.K.Mithal, Khanna Publishers, 1987, New Delhi.
Block I
MPHY21- QUANTUM MECHANICS
Equation of Motion & Application of Schroedinger’s Equation
State Vectors-Hilbert Space-Dirac Notation-Dynamical Variables as Operators-Change
of Basis-Unitary Transformation-Equation of Motion in Schroedinger Picture, Heisenberg
Picture & Dirac Picture-Representation of Operators by Matrices-One Dimensional Linear
Harmonic Oscillator in Matrix Mechanics.-Kronig Penny Model
Block II
Approximate Methods
Time Independent Perturbation Theory in Non-Degenerate Case-Ground State of Helium
Atom-Degenerate Case-Stark Effect in Hydrogen-Variation Method & its Application to
Hydrogen Molecule-WKB Approximation.
Time Dependent Perturbation Theory
Time Dependent Perturbation Theory-First and Second Order Transitions-Transition to
Continuum of States-Fermi Golden Rule-Constant and Harmonic Perturbation-Transition
Probabilities-Selection Rules for Dipole Radiation-Collision-Adiabatic Approximation
Block III
Angular Momentum
Orbital Angular Momentum-Spin Angular Momentum-Total Angular Momentum
Operators-Commutation Relations of Total Angular Momentum with Components-Ladder
Operators-Commutation Relation of Jz with J+ and J- - Eigen Values of J2, Jz –Matrix
Representation of J2, Jz, J+ and J- - Addition of Angular Momenta- Clebsch Gordon
Coefficients- Properties.
Relativistic Wave Equation
Klein Gordon Equation-Plane Wave Equation-Charge and Current Density-Application
to the Study of Hydrogen Like Atom-Dirac Relativistic Equation for a Free Particle-Dirac
Matrices-Dirac Equation in Electromagnetic Field-Negative Energy States-Dirac‟s Equation in a
Central Field(Electron Spin)-Spin Orbit Energy.
Block IV
Scattering Theory
Scattering Amplitude-Expression in terms of Green‟s Function-Born Approximation and
its Validity-Partial Wave Analysis-Phase Shifts-Scattering by Coulomb and Yukawa Potential
Application to Atomic Structure
Central Field Approximation-Thomas Fermi Model-Hartree‟s Self Consistent Model-
Hartree Fock Equation-Alkali Atoms-Doublet Separation-Intensities-Complex Atoms-Coupling
Schemes
Application to Molecular Structure
Hydrogen Molecule Ion-Hydrogen Molecule-Heitler London Method-Covalent Bond-
Spin Orbit Interaction as Correction to Central Field Approximation- Hartree Fock Self
Consistent Field Method for Molecules-Hybridisation.
Block V
Theory of Radiation (Semi Classical Treatment)
Einstein‟s Coefficients-Spontaneous and Induced Emission of Radiation from Semi
Classical Theory-Radiation Field as an Assembly of Oscillators-Interaction with Atoms-
Emission and Absorption Rates-Density Matrix and its Applications
Quantum Field Theory
Quantization of Wave Fields- Classical Lagrangian Equation-Classical Hamiltonian
Equation-Field Quantization of the Non-Relativistic Schroedinger Equation-Creation,
Destruction and Number Operators-Anti Commutation Relations-Quantization of
Electromagnetic Field Energy and Momentum.
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:
1. A text book of quantum mechanics – P.M Mathews and K.Venkatesan, Mc GrawHill,
New Delhi 1975.
2. Introductory Quantum Mechanics – Zettili.
3. Quantum mechanics – L.Schiff, Mc-Graw Hill, 1968.
4. Quantum mechanics – B.N.Srivastava, Pragati prakashan, 1975.
5. Quantum mechanics – L.Schiff, Mc Graw Hill, 1968.
6. Quantum mechanics – J.P.Dicke and R.H.Wittke, Addison Wiley, 1978.
7. Quantum mechanics - A.K. Ghatak and Lokanathan, Mc Millan, 1977.
8. Principles of Quantum Mechanics – R.Shankar, Springer (2007)
9.Quantum mechanics - V.K. Thangappan, Wiley Eastern, 1985.
Block I
MPHY22- CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
Crystal Structure & Diffraction
Lattice Constant and Density-Reciprocal Lattice Concept-Graphical Construction-Vector
Development of Reciprocal Lattice-Properties-Reciprocal Lattice to BCC, FCC Lattices-Bragg
Condition in terms of Reciprocal Lattice-Rotary Crystal Method of X-Ray Diffraction-Neutron
Diffraction-Principle-Advantage-Experiment
Crystal Defects & Dislocations
Defects: Classification-Point Defects-Schottky Defect-Frenkel Defect-Colour Centers-F Centre-
Other Colour Centers-Production of Colour Centers by X-Rays and Irradiation.
Dislocations: Slip and Plastic Deformation-Shear Strength of Single Crystals-Edge Dislocation-
Screw Dislocation-Stress Field around an Edge Dislocation.
Block II
Electronic properties of solids
Free electron gas model in three dimensions: Density of states- Fermi energy- Effect of
temperature- heat capacity of electrons- experimental heat capacity of metals- thermal effective
mass- electrical conductivity and ohm‟s law- Hall effect- failure of the free electron gas Band
theory of solids- periodic potential and Bloch‟s theorem- Kronig- Penny model-wave equation
of electron in a periodic potential- periodic, extended and reduced zone schemes of energy
representation- number of orbitals in an energy band- classification of metals, semi conductors
and insulators- tight binding method and its applications to FC and BCC structures
Block III
Super conductivity
Experimental survey: Superconductivity and its occurrence- destruction of
superconductivity by magnetic field- Meissner effect- Type I and II super conductors-entropy-
free energy- heat capacity- energy gap- isotope effect Theoretical survey: Thermodynamics of
the superconducting transition- London equation- coherence length- salient features of the BCS
theory of super conductivity- flux quantization in a superconductivity ring- DC and AC
Josephson effects
Block IV
Dielectrics and Ferro electrics
Polarization- Macroscopic electric field- Dielectric susceptibility- local electric field at an
atom - dielctric constant and polarizability- Clausius-Mossotti relation- electronoic
polarizability- classical theory of electronic polarizability Structural phase transitions: Ferro
electric crystals and their classification- Landau theory of phase transition- anti ferro electricity-
ferro electric domain- piezoelectricity- ferro elasticity
Block V
Magnetism
Magnetic susceptibility- magnetic permeability- magnetization- electron spin and
magnetic moment-diamagnetism- theory of diamagnetism- paramagnetism- Langevin‟s theory of
paramagnetism- Weiss theory- Hund‟s rule- paramagetic susceptinbility of a solid- quantum
theory of paramagnetism- cooling by adiabatic demagnetization- determination of susceptibility
of para and dia magnetic materials-theory-Guoy method- Quincke‟s method . Ferromagnetism -
spontaneous magnetization in ferro magnetic materials- quantum theory of ferro magnetism -
Weiss molecular field- Curie Weiss law- temperature dependence of spontaneous magnetization
- internal field and exchange interaction- ferromagnetic domains- domain theory- spin waves -
magnons Anti ferromagnetism- two sublattice model-anti ferro magnetic order and magnons -
ferrimagnetism (ferrites)- structure of ferrites- magnetic materials-soft and hard magnetic
materials.
BOOKS FOR STUDY & REFERENCE:
1. Introduction to Solid State Physics-C. Kittel-Wiley Eastern-New Delhi
2. Solid State Physics-B.S. Saxena, R.C. Gupta & P.N. Saxena-Pragati Prakashan- Meerut
3. Solid State Physics-A.J. Dekker-Macmillan India
4. Solid State Physics-H.E. Hall-John Wiley & Sons
5. An Introduction to Solid State Physics & Its Applications-R.J. Elliot & A.P. Gibson-ELBS &
Macmillan
6. Fundamentals of Solid State Physics-J.R. Christmann - John Wiley & Sons
7. Solid State Physics by S.O. Pillai
8. Solid State Physics by A.B. Gupta and Nurul Islam
9. Solid State Physics by A.J. Dekker
Block I:
MPHY23- SPECTROSCOPY
Atomic & Microwave Spectroscopy
Spectra of Alkali Metal Vapours-Normal Zeeman Effect-Anomalous Zeeman Effect-
Magnetic Moment of Atom and the G Factor-Lande‟s „g‟ Formula-Paschen Back Effect-
Hyperfine Structure of Spectral Lines.
Microwave Spectroscopy-Experimental Method-Theory of Microwave Spectra of Linear,
Symmetric Top Molecules-Hyperfine Structure-Quadrupole Moment-Inversion Spectrum of
Ammonia.
Block II
Infrared Spectroscopy
IR Spectroscopy -Practical Aspects-Theory of IR Rotation Vibration Spectra of Gaseous
-Diatomic Molecules-Applications-Basic Principles of FTIR Spectroscopy.
Block III:
Raman Spectroscopy:
Classical and Quantum Theory of Raman Effect-Rotation Vibration Raman Spectra of
Diatomic and Polyatomic Molecules-Applications-Laser Raman Spectroscopy.
Block IV
NMR & NQR Spectroscopy:
NMR Spectroscopy: Quantum Mechanical and Classical Description-Bloch Equation-
Relaxation Processes-Experimental Technique-Principle and Working of High Resolution NMR
Spectrometer-Chemical Shift
NQR Spectroscopy: Fundamental Requirements-General Principle-Experimental
Detection of NQR Frequencies-Interpretation and Chemical Explanation of NQR Spectroscopy
Block V
ESR & Mossabauer Spectroscopy:
ESR Spectroscopy: Basic Principles-Experiments-ESR Spectrometer-Reflection Cavity
and Microwave Bridge-ESR Spectrum-Hyperfine Structure
Mossabauer Spectroscopy: Mossabauer Effect-Recoilless Emission and Absorption-
Mossabauer Spectrum-Experimental Methods-Hyperfine Interaction-Chemical Isomer Shift-
Magnetic Hyperfine and Electric Quadrupole Interaction
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE 1. Atomic structure and chemical bonding – Manas
Chandra, T.M.H, New Delhi, 1979.
2. Molecular Spectroscopy – P.S.Sindu, T.M.H Pub. Co.
3. Molecular structure and spectroscopy, G.Aruldhas, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
4.Molecular Spectroscopy – Banwell, Tata MacroHill Publication, New Delhi (1998)
5. Basic principles of Spectroscopy, Chang. Mc-Graw Hill, Tokyo.
6. Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy, Madan .S, Pathania, Vishal Publications, New
Delhi, 1984.
7. Quantum chemistry – Eyring, Walter & Kimabl, John Wiley & Sons.
MPHY24 - LASER AND FIPER OPTICS
Block I
LASERS
Characteristics of Laser Light- Einstein‟s A & B coefficients- relation between them -
Atomic Basis for LASER Action-Laser Pumping-Creating a Population Inversion-LASER
Resonator-Single Mode Operation-Q Switching-Mode Locking- Helium-Neon LASER -Argon
Ion LASER -Carbon dioxide LASER -Solid State LASER -Semiconductor LASER -
Applications.
Block II
Optics of Solids
General Wave Equation-Propagation of Light in Conducting Media-Reflection and
Refraction at the Boundary of an Absorbing Medium-Propagation of Light in Crystals-Double
Refraction at a Boundary-Optical Activity-Faraday Rotation in Solids-Magneto Optic and
Electro Optic Effects.
Block III
Optical Fibres
Propagation of Light in an Optical Fibre-Acceptance Angle-Numerical Aperture-Step and
Graded Index Fibres-Fibre Fabrication Techniques-Optical Fibre as a Cylindrical Wave Guide-
Wave Guide Equations-Wave Equations in Step Index Fibres-Flow of Power in SI Fibres-Fibre
Losses and Dispersion-Applications.
Block IV
Optoelectronic devices
Optoelectronic devices - Optical modulators - modulation methods and modulators –
transmitters - optical transmitter circuits - LED and laser drive circuits- LED – power and
efficiency - double hetero LED - LED structure - LED characteristics - Junction laser operating
principles - Condition for laser action - Threshold current – Homo junction – Hetero junction -
Double hetero junction lasers - Quantum well laser - Distributed feedback laser - laser modes,
strip geometry- gain guided lasers- index guided lasers.
Block V
Display devices
Display devices – photoluminescence - EL display - LED display - drive circuitry - plasma panel
display - liquid crystals – properties - LCD display - numeric displays.
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:
1. M.N.Avadhanulu, An Introduction to Lasers: Theory and Applic ations, S.Chand and
Company Ltd, New Delhi, I Edition, 2001st
2. J. Wilson & J.F.B. Hawkes, “Optoelectronics – An Introduction”, Prentice Hall, India, 1996.
3. P. Bhattacharya, “Semiconductor optoelectronic devices”, Second Edn Pearson Education,
Singapore, 2002.
4. J. M. Senior, “Optical fiber communication”, Prentice - Hall India, 1985.
5. J. Gowar, “Optical fiber communication systems”, Prentice Hall, 1995.
6. Jasprit Singh, “Semiconductor optoelectronics”, McGraw Hill, Inc, 1995.
7. R. P. Khare, “Fiber optics and Optoelectronics”, Oxford University Press, 2004.
MPHY25- Numerical Methods
Block I
Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations
Iteration method, bisection method, Newton – Raphson method,- rate of convergence-
solution of polynomial equations – Brige vieta method-Bairstow method.
Block II
Solution of simultaneous equations
Direct method – Gauss elimination method- Gauss Jordon method- iterative methods –
Gauss seidal iterative method – Eigen values and Eigen vectors of matrices- Jacobi method for
symmetric matrices.
Block III
Interpolation
Interpolation formula for unequal intervals = Lagrange‟s method - Interpolation formula
for equal intervals –Newton‟s forward interpolation formula –Newton‟s backward interpolation
formula- least squares approximation method.
Block IV
Numerical differentiation and integration
Methods based on interpolation –Newton‟s forward difference formula- Newton‟s
backward formula- numerical integration – Quadrature formula(Newton- cote‟s formula) –
Trapezoidal rule, Simpson‟s 1/3 rule, 3/8 rule – Gauss quadrature formula –Gauss two point
formula and three point formula.
Block V
Initial value problems
Solution of first order differential equations –Taylor series method, Euler‟s method,
Runge –Kutta methods (forth order) –Milne‟s predictor – corrector method- Adam-Moulton
method.
Books for Reference:
1. Numerical methods for scientific and engineering computations -Jain and Iyengar.
2. Numerical methods –Venkatraman.
3. Numerical methods –Sastry.
4. Numerical methods -A. Singaravelu.
5. Numerical Methods for Science and Engineering – R.G.Stanton
MPHY P1 - PRACTICAL I
1. Cauchy‟s constant.
2. Hyperbolic fringes – Elastic constants.
3. Elliptical fringes – Elastic constants
4. Michelson‟s interferometer.
5. Ultrasonic interferometer – velocity of ultrasonic waves in liquid.
6. Ultrasonic diffraction- compressibility of a liquid.
7. Solar spectrum.
8. Determination of radius of a thin wire by forming air wedge and using laser light.
9. Characteristics of optical fibre.
10. Susceptibility -Guoy‟s method.
11. Biprism – Determination of wavelength.
12. Hall effect – Determination of Hall coefficients.
13. Resistivity – Four probe method.
14. Equipotential surface – For various pairs of electrodes.
15. Dielecteric constant –LCR circuit.
16. B-H curve –Hysteresis loss.
17. Characteristics of photo transistor and photo diode.
18. Band gap determination
MPHY -P2: PARTICAL II
1. SCR Characteristics
2. UJT characteristics & Relaxation Oscillator
3. Construction of Dual regulated power supply using IC 78XX
4. Two stage RC coupled Transistor Amplifier- with and without feedback
5. Half adder and Full adder
6. Half Subtractor and Full Subtractor
7. Voltage to current and current to voltage converter - OP AMP
8. Study of Flip-Flops and verification of Truth Tables [RS,JK and D]
9. Square wave generator using IC741 and IC555
10. Wien‟s bridge Oscillator -using OPAMP
11. Differentiator and Integrator -using OPAMP
12. Solution of simultaneous equations using IC 741C
13. Schmitt Trigger
14. Phase Shift Oscillator
15. Mod „n‟ Counters
16. Sine Wave, Square wave & Triangular wave generator using IC 741C
17. D/A Converter- R-2R method
18. D/A Converter- Weighted Resistor method
19. Active filters[Low, high, Band- Pass] using OPAMP
20. Triangular and Saw tooth waveform generators using OPAMP
21. Monostable and Astable Multivibrator using IC741C
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