MSC-Physics.pdf - Tamil Nadu Open University

Tamil Nadu Open University

Regulations and Overview for M.Sc., Physics (Non-Semester) in ODL System

Academic Year 2018-2019

Department of Physics

School of Science

Tamil Nadu Open University

Chennai- 600 015

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PHYSICS

REGULATIONS

1. Objective and Eligibility

The recent developments in physical sciences, has been included in the enriched M.Sc.,

(Physics) Syllabus to meet out the present day needs of academic and Research, Institutions and

Industries.

A candidate who has passed the B.Sc., Degree Examination in Branch III Physics Main

or B.Sc. – Electronics / Any B.Sc., degree with specialization Applied Physics, Electronics,

Nuclear Physics or Nanophysics or an examination of some other university accepted by the

syndicate as equivalent thereto shall be permitted to appear and qualify for the M.Sc. Physics

Degree Examination of this University after a course of two academic years. Admissions

performed in academic year only.

2. Duration of the Course and Medium:

The course for the degree of Master of Science (Physics) shall consist of Two academic

years and the medium of instruction is English only.

3. Course of Study

The course of study shall comprise instruction in the following subjects according to the

syllabus

I YEAR

1. Major I

2. Major II

3. Major III

4. Major IV

5. Major V 6. Practical – I

II YEAR

7. Major VI

8. Major VII

9. Major VIII

10. Major IX

11. Major X

12. Practical II

4. Examinations:

The theory examination shall be three hours duration to each paper at the end of each

year. The candidates failing in any subject (s) will be permitted to appear for each failed

subject(s) in the subsequent examination.

5. Scheme of Examinations:

The Scheme of Examination of different year shall be as follows: Course code Course title Credits Marks

Assi

gnm

ents

EXT

EXAM

TOTAL

I Year

MPHY 11 Classical and Statistical Mechanics 6 25 75 100

MPHY 12 Mathematical Physics 6 25 75 100

MPHY 13 Electromagnetic Theory 6 25 75 100

MPHY 14 Nuclear Physics 6 25 75 100

MPHY15 Electronics 6 25 75 100

MPHY-P1 Practical I 4 100 100

II Year

MPHY 21 Quantum Mechanics 6 25 75 100

MPHY 22 Condensed Matter Physics 6 25 75 100

MPHY 23 Spectroscopy 6 25 75 100

MPHY 24 Laser and Fiber Optics 6 25 75 100

MPHY 25 Numerical Methods 6 25 75 100

MPHY-P2 Practical II 4 100 100

6. Question Paper Pattern:

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks-75

Part A: 5 x 3 = 15

(Answer all questions)

(Answer any five out of eight questions)

Part B: 5 x 12 = 60

(Answer all questions)

(One question from each Block with internal choice)

7. Passing Minimum:

The candidate shall be declared to have passed the examination if the candidate secures

not less than 50% of marks in the University examination in each theory paper and overall 50

percent in both External Examination and Assignment taken together. For the practical paper a

minimum of 40 marks out of 100 marks in the University examination and the record notebook

taken together is required to Pass the examination. There is no passing minimum for record

notebook. However submission of record notebook is a must.

8. Pattern of Question Paper for Practical Examinations;

Each set of question paper should contain TEN questions and the candidate has to choose

one by lot.

9. Awarding of marks for Practical examinations.

Total Marks: 100 (Practical 80 Marks + Record 20 Marks)

Distribution for 80 Marks:

Formula, circuit diagram and tabular column: 16 Marks (20%)

Observation: 32 Marks (40%)

Result: 8 Marks (10%)

Presentation: 8 Marks (10%)

Total 80 Marks

10. Classification of Successful Candidate:

Candidates who pass all the Courses and who secure 60 per cent and above in the

aggregate of marks in core courses will be placed in the First Class. Those securing 50 per cent

and above but below 60 per cent in the aggregate will be placed in the Second Class.

Block I

MPHY 11 -CLASSICAL AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Canonical Transformation

Equations of Canonical Transformations-Lagrange and Poisson‟s Brackets-Invariance-

Equation of Motion in Poisson Bracket Notation.

Hamilton-Jacobi Theory

H-J Equation for Hamilton‟s Principle Function-Hamilton‟s Characteristic Equation-

Separation of Variables-Harmonic Oscillator Problem in H-J Method-Action Angle Variables-

Kepler Problem in Action Angle Variables.

Block II

Rigid Body Dynamics

Generalized coordinates for Rigid Body Motion-Euler Angles-Angular Velocity, Angular

Momentum of a rigid body-Moments and Products of Inertia-Principal Axes Transformation-

Rotational Kinetic Energy-Moment of Inertia of a Rigid Body-Equation of Motion of a Rigid

Body-Euler‟s Equations

Block III

Mechanics of Small Oscillations

Stable and Unstable Equilibrium-Two Coupled Oscillators-Formulation of the Problem-

Properties of T,V and ω-Normal Coordinates and Normal Frequencies of Vibration-Systems with

few Degrees of Freedom-Parallel Pendula-Double Pendulum-Triple Pendulum(degenerate

system)-Linear Triatomic Molecule.

Block IV

Classical Statistical Mechanics

Foundations of Statistical Mechanics: The macroscopic and microscopic states, Postulate

of equal a priori probability, Contact between statistics and thermodynamics; Ensemble theory:

Concept of ensemble, Phase space, Density function, Ensemble average, Liouville‟s theorem,

Stationary ensemble; The microcanonical ensemble, Application to the classical ideal gas; The

canonical and grand canonical ensembles, Canonical and grand canonical partition functions,

Calculation of statistical quantities; Thermodynamics of a system of non-interacting classical

harmonic oscillators using canonical ensemble, and of classical ideal gas using grand canonical

ensemble, Energy and density fluctuations; Entropy of mixing and the Gibbs paradox, Sackur-

Tetrode equation.

Block V

Quantum Statistical Mechanics

Quantum-mechanical ensemble theory: Density matrix, Equation of motion for density

matrix, Quantum- mechanical ensemble average; Statistics of indistinguishable particles, Two

types of quantum statistics- Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistics, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-

Einstein distribution functions using microcanonical and grand canonical ensembles (ideal gas

only), Statistics of occupation numbers; Ideal Bose gas: Internal energy, Equation of state, Bose-

Einstein Condensation and its critical conditions; Bose-Einstein condensation in ultra-cold

atomic gases: its detection and thermodynamic properties; Ideal Fermi gas:Internal energy,

Equation of state, Completely degenerate Fermi gas.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. Classical mechanics – S.N.Gupta, V.Kumar and H.V.Sharma, Pragati prakasan,1985, New

Delhi.

2. Classical mechanics – H.Goldstein, Addison – Wesley, 1950, U.S.A.

3. Elementary statistical mechanics – S.L.Gupta, V.Kumar Pragati Prakashn Publication 1979

4. Fundamentals of statistical and Thermal Physics, F.Reif (1985, McGrawHill, International

Edition)

5. Classical mechanics – S.L.Gupta, Meenakshi prakashan, 1970, New Delhi.

6. Introduction to classical mechanics – R.G.Takwall and P.S.Puranik, Tata – McGraw Hill,

1980, New Delhi.

7. Classical mechanics – N.C.Rana and P.S.Joag, Tata-McGraw Hill, 1991, New Delhi.

8. Classical Mechanics of particles and Rigid bodies: K.C.Gupta (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi.)

9. Classical Mechanics: N.C.Rana and P.G.Joag (Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi)

10. Statistical Mechanics: K.Huang (Wiley Eastern, New Delhi)

11. Statistical Mechanics: B.K.Agarwal and M.Eisner (wiley Eastern, New Delhi)

Block 1

MPHY 12- MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS

Vector space and Matrices

Linear independence of vectors- Dimension- Basis- Inner product of two vectors-

Properties of inner product- Schmidt‟s orthonormalisation method – Linear transformations-

Matrices- inverse of a matrix- orthogonal matrix- unitary matrix- eigen value and eigen vectors

of a matrix- Diagonalisation- Cayley-Hamilton Theorem

Block II

Special Functions

Legendre‟s Polynomials and Functions- Differential Equations and Solutions-Rodriguez

Formula-Generating Functions-Orthogonality-Relation between Legendre Polynomial and their

Derivatives-Recurrence Relations-Bessel‟s Function-Differential Equation and Solution-

Generating Functions-Recurrence Relations

Block III

Fourier and Laplace Transform

Fourier transform- Properties of Fourier transform- convolution- Fourier cosine and sine

transform- Fourier transform of derivatives- Applications of Fourier transform- vibrations in a

string- Laplace transform- Properties of Laplace transform- Inverse Laplace transform -

Applications of Laplace transform- Simple harmonic motion

Block IV

Complex Variable Theory:

Functions of a Complex Variable-Single and Multivalued Functions-Cauchy-Reimann

Differential Equation-Analytical Line Integrals of Complex Function-Cauchy‟s Integral Theorem

and Integral Formula-Derivatives of an Analytic Function-Taylor‟s Variables-Residue and

Cauchy‟s Residue Theorem-Application to the Equation of Definite Integrals-Conformal

Transformations-Invariance of the Laplacian.

Block V

Group theory

Concept of a group- Group multiplication table of order 2, 3, 4 groups- Group symmetry of

equilateral triangle- Group symmetry of a square- Permutation group- conjugate elements-

Representation through similarity transformation- Reducible and irreducible representation-

SU(2) group- SO(2) group

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. Introduction to Mathematical Physics, C.Harper, Prentice Hall, 1978.

2. Matrices and Tensors in Physics, A.W.Joshi, Wiley Eaten, 1985.

3. Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists, Pipes and Harwill, Mc-Graw Hill,1970.

4. Theory and problems of Matrices, Frank Ayres.Jr, Schaum‟s outline series, Mc Graw Hill

Internationational Book Company, Singapore, 1982.

5. Complex variable and Applications. R.V.Churchill, Mc-Graw Hill, 1982.

6. Matrices and Tensors in Physics, A..W. Joshi, Wiley Eastern, 1985.

7. Mathematical Physics, B.D.Gupta, Vikas Publication, 1982.

8. Chemical Applications of Group Theory, F.A.Cotton, Addison Wiley, 1970.

9. The Mathematical Physics and Chemistry Vol. I, Margenau Murphy, Van Nosterland, 1959.

10. Mathematical Statistics, Kanpur and Saxena, S.Chand & Co, 1973.

11. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Wulie and Barrett, Mc-Graw Hill, 1982.

12. Mathematical Physics, Butkov, Addition-Wesley, 1973.

13. Tensor Analysis, I.S.Soklnikoff, John Wiley and Sons, 1960.

14. Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists, Pipes and Harvill, Mc-Graw Hill, 1970.

15. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Wyile & Baratte, Mc-Graw Hill, 1982.

MPHY13 - ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

Block I

Electrostatics

Coulomb‟s Law-charge distributions- Lines of force and flux-Gauss‟s Law and its

applications- The potential function- Poission‟s equation and laplace equation- Equi potential

surfaces- field due to continues charge distribution- energy associated to an electrostatic field-

Electrostatic uniqueness theorem.

Block II

Magnetostatics

Biot-Savart Law- Statement-Lorentz Force Law and Definition of B-General Proof of

Ampere‟s Circuital Law-Divergence and Curl of B-Magnetic Scalar Potential (derivation of

expression only)-Equivalence of Small Current Loop and Magnetic Dipole-Magnetic Vector

Potential (derivation of expression only).

Block III

Dielectrics;

Polarization – the electric field inside a dielectric medium – Gauss law in dielectric and

the electric displacement – Electric susceptibility and dielectric constant – Boundary conditions

on the field vectors – dielectric sphere in a uniform electric field- Force on a point charge

embedded in a dielectric

Block IV

Field equation:

Maxwell‟s equations and their physical significance – plane wave equation in

homogeneous medium and in free space – relation between E and H vectors in a uniform plane

wave- the wave equation for a conducting medium - skin depth – wave propagation in dielectric.

Poynting vector - Poynting‟s theorem

Block V

Interaction of EMW with Matter

Reflection and refraction of EM waves at the boundary of two conducting media –

Normal incidence and oblique incidence – Brewster‟s angle- wave guides – rectangular wave

guide – cavity resonators – radiation from and oscillating dipole –Transmission line theory –

transmission line as distribution circuit- Basic transmission line equations

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. Electromagnetic theory and Electrodynamics – Satya Prakash, Kedarnath Ramnath

& Co, 1985, Chapter – 8,9,10&14.

2. Introduction to Electrodynamics, David J Griffiths

3. Electromagnetic fields and waves, P.Lorrain and D.Corson

4. Electromagnetics – Kraus & Carver, TMH, 1973.

5. Electromagnetic fields and waves – Paul Lorain & Dale R.Corson, CBS

publishers, NewDelhi, 1986.

6. Foundations of Electromagnetic theory – Reitz, Milford & Frederick, Narosa

publishing House, 1986.

7. Classical Electrodynamics, J.D.Jackson, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 1978.

MPHY14- NUCLEAR PHYSICS

Block I

Nuclear Structure

Distribution of Nuclear Charge-Nuclear Mass-Mass Spectroscopy-Bainbridge and

Jordan, Neir, Mass Spectrometer-Theories of Nuclear Composition (proton-electron,

protonneutron)- Bound States of Two Nucleons-Spin States-Pauli‟s Exclusion Principle-Concept

of Hidden Variables-Tensor Force-Static Force-Exchange Force.

Block II

Nuclear Models

Liquid Drop Model: Bohr Wheeler Theory of Fission-Condition for Spontaneous

Fission- Activation Energy-Seaborg‟s Expression. Shell Model: Explanation of Magic Numbers-

Prediction of Shell Model-Prediction of Nuclear Spin and Parity-Nuclear Statistics-Magnetic

Moment of Nuclei-Schmidt Lines-Nuclear Isomerism. Collective Model: Explanation of

Quadrupole Moments-Prediction of Sign of Electric Quadrupole Moments.

Block III

Nuclear reaction and nuclear decay

Types of nuclear reactions, elastic scattering, inelastic scattering, disintegration, radiative

capture, direct reaction – conservation laws – law of conservation of energy, momentum, angular

momentum, charge, spin , parity. Nuclear reaction kinemetics – Expression for Q-value Nuclear

decay: Gawmow‟s theory of alpha decay, Fermi‟s theory of beta decay – Fermi and Gawmow

Teller selection rules – internal conversion – nuclear isomerism

Block IV

Nuclear forces and Properties of nuclear forces

Deutrons – properties of deuteron- ground state of deuteron – excited state – magnetic

quadrupole moment of deuteron- neutron- proton scattering at low energies – proton – proton

scattering at low energies – meson theory of nuclear forces- reciprocity theorem – Breit- wigner

one level formula

Block V

Particle Physics

Leptons-Hadrons-Mesons-Hyperons-Pions-Meson Resonances-Strange Mesons and

Baryons-Gell-Mann Okuba Mass formula for Baryons-CP Violation in Neutral Kaons (K0)

Decay- Symmetry and Conversion Laws-Quark Model-Reaction and Decays-Quark Structure of

Hadrons.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. Introduction to Nuclear Physics – Herald Enge, Addision Wesley Pub. Co, U.S.A.

2. Nuclear Physics – Irving Kaplan, Oxford & I.B.H Pub & Co.

3. Nuclear Physics – D.C.Tayal, Himalaya House, Bombay.

4. Elements of Nuclear Physics - M C Pandia and R P S Yadav

5. Nuclear Physics an Introduction - S B Patel

6. Atomic Nucleus – R.D.Evans, Mc-Graw Hill, 1955.

7. Nuclear Physics – R.R.Roy and B.P.Nigam, John Wiley 1967

MPHY15- ELECTRONICS

Block I

Number systems

Binary coded decimal number system, Grey code, Grey code to Binary conversion,

Binary to Grey code, Excess 3 code, Decimal to excess 3 code, ASCII code. Universal logic

gates: NAND and NOR gates as universal logic gates – Simplification of logic circuits – De

Morgan‟s laws – Boolean laws – Karnaugh maps – three variable and four variable

maps – max and min terms.

Block II

Arithematic circuits

Half adder – Truth table and circuit – Full adder – Truth table and circuit – Four bit adder

– Half subtractor – Full subtractor – Multiplexer: Four input multiplexer – Applications of

Multiplexer – demultiplexer – Decoders 2 to 4 decoder – BCD to seven segment decoder –

encoders.

Block III

Flipflops

Introduction – NAND LATCH, J K flipflop – J K Master – slave flipflop – D flipflop and

T flipflop – Registers and Counters: Shift registers – serial in – parallelout, serial in – serial out,

parallel in – serial out, parallel in – parallel out shift registers – wave forms for the above –

Counters – up counters, down counters, decade counters, timing sequences, Mod – n counters.

Block IV

Multivibrators

Classification of multivibrators – Astable, monostable, bistable multivibrators using

operational amplifier. D/A and A/D converters: Binary weighted register D/A converter using

Op-Amp – R-2R ladder D/A converter with Op-Amp – Analog to Digital converters (ADC) –

their characteristics.

Block V

Semiconductor Memories

memory cell unit – ROM, RAM – Their classifications – ROM, PROM, EPROM,

EEPROM, RAM,Static RAM, dynamic RAM, Memory read and memory write operations –

Flash memory - Charge coupled Device (CCD).

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. Electronic devices and circuits – J.Millman and C.Halkias, Mc-Graw Hill

publishers,1982.

2. Electronic principles – A.P Malvino, TMH, 1984.

3. Electronic circuits – Schilling and Belove, Mc-Graw Hill, 1981.

4. Digital computer electronics – A.P.Malvino, Tata- Mc-Graw Hill, 1989, New Delhi.

5. Integrated electronics – Millman & Halkias, Mc-Graw Hill, 1971, USA.

6. Digital principles and applications – A.P.Malvino and D.Leach , Tata-Mc-Graw Hill,

1969, New Delhi.

7. Electronic devices and circuits – G.K.Mithal, Khanna Publishers, 1987, New Delhi.

Block I

MPHY21- QUANTUM MECHANICS

Equation of Motion & Application of Schroedinger’s Equation

State Vectors-Hilbert Space-Dirac Notation-Dynamical Variables as Operators-Change

of Basis-Unitary Transformation-Equation of Motion in Schroedinger Picture, Heisenberg

Picture & Dirac Picture-Representation of Operators by Matrices-One Dimensional Linear

Harmonic Oscillator in Matrix Mechanics.-Kronig Penny Model

Block II

Approximate Methods

Time Independent Perturbation Theory in Non-Degenerate Case-Ground State of Helium

Atom-Degenerate Case-Stark Effect in Hydrogen-Variation Method & its Application to

Hydrogen Molecule-WKB Approximation.

Time Dependent Perturbation Theory

Time Dependent Perturbation Theory-First and Second Order Transitions-Transition to

Continuum of States-Fermi Golden Rule-Constant and Harmonic Perturbation-Transition

Probabilities-Selection Rules for Dipole Radiation-Collision-Adiabatic Approximation

Block III

Angular Momentum

Orbital Angular Momentum-Spin Angular Momentum-Total Angular Momentum

Operators-Commutation Relations of Total Angular Momentum with Components-Ladder

Operators-Commutation Relation of Jz with J+ and J- - Eigen Values of J2, Jz –Matrix

Representation of J2, Jz, J+ and J- - Addition of Angular Momenta- Clebsch Gordon

Coefficients- Properties.

Relativistic Wave Equation

Klein Gordon Equation-Plane Wave Equation-Charge and Current Density-Application

to the Study of Hydrogen Like Atom-Dirac Relativistic Equation for a Free Particle-Dirac

Matrices-Dirac Equation in Electromagnetic Field-Negative Energy States-Dirac‟s Equation in a

Central Field(Electron Spin)-Spin Orbit Energy.

Block IV

Scattering Theory

Scattering Amplitude-Expression in terms of Green‟s Function-Born Approximation and

its Validity-Partial Wave Analysis-Phase Shifts-Scattering by Coulomb and Yukawa Potential

Application to Atomic Structure

Central Field Approximation-Thomas Fermi Model-Hartree‟s Self Consistent Model-

Hartree Fock Equation-Alkali Atoms-Doublet Separation-Intensities-Complex Atoms-Coupling

Schemes

Application to Molecular Structure

Hydrogen Molecule Ion-Hydrogen Molecule-Heitler London Method-Covalent Bond-

Spin Orbit Interaction as Correction to Central Field Approximation- Hartree Fock Self

Consistent Field Method for Molecules-Hybridisation.

Block V

Theory of Radiation (Semi Classical Treatment)

Einstein‟s Coefficients-Spontaneous and Induced Emission of Radiation from Semi

Classical Theory-Radiation Field as an Assembly of Oscillators-Interaction with Atoms-

Emission and Absorption Rates-Density Matrix and its Applications

Quantum Field Theory

Quantization of Wave Fields- Classical Lagrangian Equation-Classical Hamiltonian

Equation-Field Quantization of the Non-Relativistic Schroedinger Equation-Creation,

Destruction and Number Operators-Anti Commutation Relations-Quantization of

Electromagnetic Field Energy and Momentum.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. A text book of quantum mechanics – P.M Mathews and K.Venkatesan, Mc GrawHill,

New Delhi 1975.

2. Introductory Quantum Mechanics – Zettili.

3. Quantum mechanics – L.Schiff, Mc-Graw Hill, 1968.

4. Quantum mechanics – B.N.Srivastava, Pragati prakashan, 1975.

5. Quantum mechanics – L.Schiff, Mc Graw Hill, 1968.

6. Quantum mechanics – J.P.Dicke and R.H.Wittke, Addison Wiley, 1978.

7. Quantum mechanics - A.K. Ghatak and Lokanathan, Mc Millan, 1977.

8. Principles of Quantum Mechanics – R.Shankar, Springer (2007)

9.Quantum mechanics - V.K. Thangappan, Wiley Eastern, 1985.

Block I

MPHY22- CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

Crystal Structure & Diffraction

Lattice Constant and Density-Reciprocal Lattice Concept-Graphical Construction-Vector

Development of Reciprocal Lattice-Properties-Reciprocal Lattice to BCC, FCC Lattices-Bragg

Condition in terms of Reciprocal Lattice-Rotary Crystal Method of X-Ray Diffraction-Neutron

Diffraction-Principle-Advantage-Experiment

Crystal Defects & Dislocations

Defects: Classification-Point Defects-Schottky Defect-Frenkel Defect-Colour Centers-F Centre-

Other Colour Centers-Production of Colour Centers by X-Rays and Irradiation.

Dislocations: Slip and Plastic Deformation-Shear Strength of Single Crystals-Edge Dislocation-

Screw Dislocation-Stress Field around an Edge Dislocation.

Block II

Electronic properties of solids

Free electron gas model in three dimensions: Density of states- Fermi energy- Effect of

temperature- heat capacity of electrons- experimental heat capacity of metals- thermal effective

mass- electrical conductivity and ohm‟s law- Hall effect- failure of the free electron gas Band

theory of solids- periodic potential and Bloch‟s theorem- Kronig- Penny model-wave equation

of electron in a periodic potential- periodic, extended and reduced zone schemes of energy

representation- number of orbitals in an energy band- classification of metals, semi conductors

and insulators- tight binding method and its applications to FC and BCC structures

Block III

Super conductivity

Experimental survey: Superconductivity and its occurrence- destruction of

superconductivity by magnetic field- Meissner effect- Type I and II super conductors-entropy-

free energy- heat capacity- energy gap- isotope effect Theoretical survey: Thermodynamics of

the superconducting transition- London equation- coherence length- salient features of the BCS

theory of super conductivity- flux quantization in a superconductivity ring- DC and AC

Josephson effects

Block IV

Dielectrics and Ferro electrics

Polarization- Macroscopic electric field- Dielectric susceptibility- local electric field at an

atom - dielctric constant and polarizability- Clausius-Mossotti relation- electronoic

polarizability- classical theory of electronic polarizability Structural phase transitions: Ferro

electric crystals and their classification- Landau theory of phase transition- anti ferro electricity-

ferro electric domain- piezoelectricity- ferro elasticity

Block V

Magnetism

Magnetic susceptibility- magnetic permeability- magnetization- electron spin and

magnetic moment-diamagnetism- theory of diamagnetism- paramagnetism- Langevin‟s theory of

paramagnetism- Weiss theory- Hund‟s rule- paramagetic susceptinbility of a solid- quantum

theory of paramagnetism- cooling by adiabatic demagnetization- determination of susceptibility

of para and dia magnetic materials-theory-Guoy method- Quincke‟s method . Ferromagnetism -

spontaneous magnetization in ferro magnetic materials- quantum theory of ferro magnetism -

Weiss molecular field- Curie Weiss law- temperature dependence of spontaneous magnetization

- internal field and exchange interaction- ferromagnetic domains- domain theory- spin waves -

magnons Anti ferromagnetism- two sublattice model-anti ferro magnetic order and magnons -

ferrimagnetism (ferrites)- structure of ferrites- magnetic materials-soft and hard magnetic

materials.

BOOKS FOR STUDY & REFERENCE:

1. Introduction to Solid State Physics-C. Kittel-Wiley Eastern-New Delhi

2. Solid State Physics-B.S. Saxena, R.C. Gupta & P.N. Saxena-Pragati Prakashan- Meerut

3. Solid State Physics-A.J. Dekker-Macmillan India

4. Solid State Physics-H.E. Hall-John Wiley & Sons

5. An Introduction to Solid State Physics & Its Applications-R.J. Elliot & A.P. Gibson-ELBS &

Macmillan

6. Fundamentals of Solid State Physics-J.R. Christmann - John Wiley & Sons

7. Solid State Physics by S.O. Pillai

8. Solid State Physics by A.B. Gupta and Nurul Islam

9. Solid State Physics by A.J. Dekker

Block I:

MPHY23- SPECTROSCOPY

Atomic & Microwave Spectroscopy

Spectra of Alkali Metal Vapours-Normal Zeeman Effect-Anomalous Zeeman Effect-

Magnetic Moment of Atom and the G Factor-Lande‟s „g‟ Formula-Paschen Back Effect-

Hyperfine Structure of Spectral Lines.

Microwave Spectroscopy-Experimental Method-Theory of Microwave Spectra of Linear,

Symmetric Top Molecules-Hyperfine Structure-Quadrupole Moment-Inversion Spectrum of

Ammonia.

Block II

Infrared Spectroscopy

IR Spectroscopy -Practical Aspects-Theory of IR Rotation Vibration Spectra of Gaseous

-Diatomic Molecules-Applications-Basic Principles of FTIR Spectroscopy.

Block III:

Raman Spectroscopy:

Classical and Quantum Theory of Raman Effect-Rotation Vibration Raman Spectra of

Diatomic and Polyatomic Molecules-Applications-Laser Raman Spectroscopy.

Block IV

NMR & NQR Spectroscopy:

NMR Spectroscopy: Quantum Mechanical and Classical Description-Bloch Equation-

Relaxation Processes-Experimental Technique-Principle and Working of High Resolution NMR

Spectrometer-Chemical Shift

NQR Spectroscopy: Fundamental Requirements-General Principle-Experimental

Detection of NQR Frequencies-Interpretation and Chemical Explanation of NQR Spectroscopy

Block V

ESR & Mossabauer Spectroscopy:

ESR Spectroscopy: Basic Principles-Experiments-ESR Spectrometer-Reflection Cavity

and Microwave Bridge-ESR Spectrum-Hyperfine Structure

Mossabauer Spectroscopy: Mossabauer Effect-Recoilless Emission and Absorption-

Mossabauer Spectrum-Experimental Methods-Hyperfine Interaction-Chemical Isomer Shift-

Magnetic Hyperfine and Electric Quadrupole Interaction

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE 1. Atomic structure and chemical bonding – Manas

Chandra, T.M.H, New Delhi, 1979.

2. Molecular Spectroscopy – P.S.Sindu, T.M.H Pub. Co.

3. Molecular structure and spectroscopy, G.Aruldhas, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi

4.Molecular Spectroscopy – Banwell, Tata MacroHill Publication, New Delhi (1998)

5. Basic principles of Spectroscopy, Chang. Mc-Graw Hill, Tokyo.

6. Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy, Madan .S, Pathania, Vishal Publications, New

Delhi, 1984.

7. Quantum chemistry – Eyring, Walter & Kimabl, John Wiley & Sons.

MPHY24 - LASER AND FIPER OPTICS

Block I

LASERS

Characteristics of Laser Light- Einstein‟s A & B coefficients- relation between them -

Atomic Basis for LASER Action-Laser Pumping-Creating a Population Inversion-LASER

Resonator-Single Mode Operation-Q Switching-Mode Locking- Helium-Neon LASER -Argon

Ion LASER -Carbon dioxide LASER -Solid State LASER -Semiconductor LASER -

Applications.

Block II

Optics of Solids

General Wave Equation-Propagation of Light in Conducting Media-Reflection and

Refraction at the Boundary of an Absorbing Medium-Propagation of Light in Crystals-Double

Refraction at a Boundary-Optical Activity-Faraday Rotation in Solids-Magneto Optic and

Electro Optic Effects.

Block III

Optical Fibres

Propagation of Light in an Optical Fibre-Acceptance Angle-Numerical Aperture-Step and

Graded Index Fibres-Fibre Fabrication Techniques-Optical Fibre as a Cylindrical Wave Guide-

Wave Guide Equations-Wave Equations in Step Index Fibres-Flow of Power in SI Fibres-Fibre

Losses and Dispersion-Applications.

Block IV

Optoelectronic devices

Optoelectronic devices - Optical modulators - modulation methods and modulators –

transmitters - optical transmitter circuits - LED and laser drive circuits- LED – power and

efficiency - double hetero LED - LED structure - LED characteristics - Junction laser operating

principles - Condition for laser action - Threshold current – Homo junction – Hetero junction -

Double hetero junction lasers - Quantum well laser - Distributed feedback laser - laser modes,

strip geometry- gain guided lasers- index guided lasers.

Block V

Display devices

Display devices – photoluminescence - EL display - LED display - drive circuitry - plasma panel

display - liquid crystals – properties - LCD display - numeric displays.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. M.N.Avadhanulu, An Introduction to Lasers: Theory and Applic ations, S.Chand and

Company Ltd, New Delhi, I Edition, 2001st

2. J. Wilson & J.F.B. Hawkes, “Optoelectronics – An Introduction”, Prentice Hall, India, 1996.

3. P. Bhattacharya, “Semiconductor optoelectronic devices”, Second Edn Pearson Education,

Singapore, 2002.

4. J. M. Senior, “Optical fiber communication”, Prentice - Hall India, 1985.

5. J. Gowar, “Optical fiber communication systems”, Prentice Hall, 1995.

6. Jasprit Singh, “Semiconductor optoelectronics”, McGraw Hill, Inc, 1995.

7. R. P. Khare, “Fiber optics and Optoelectronics”, Oxford University Press, 2004.

MPHY25- Numerical Methods

Block I

Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations

Iteration method, bisection method, Newton – Raphson method,- rate of convergence-

solution of polynomial equations – Brige vieta method-Bairstow method.

Block II

Solution of simultaneous equations

Direct method – Gauss elimination method- Gauss Jordon method- iterative methods –

Gauss seidal iterative method – Eigen values and Eigen vectors of matrices- Jacobi method for

symmetric matrices.

Block III

Interpolation

Interpolation formula for unequal intervals = Lagrange‟s method - Interpolation formula

for equal intervals –Newton‟s forward interpolation formula –Newton‟s backward interpolation

formula- least squares approximation method.

Block IV

Numerical differentiation and integration

Methods based on interpolation –Newton‟s forward difference formula- Newton‟s

backward formula- numerical integration – Quadrature formula(Newton- cote‟s formula) –

Trapezoidal rule, Simpson‟s 1/3 rule, 3/8 rule – Gauss quadrature formula –Gauss two point

formula and three point formula.

Block V

Initial value problems

Solution of first order differential equations –Taylor series method, Euler‟s method,

Runge –Kutta methods (forth order) –Milne‟s predictor – corrector method- Adam-Moulton

method.

Books for Reference:

1. Numerical methods for scientific and engineering computations -Jain and Iyengar.

2. Numerical methods –Venkatraman.

3. Numerical methods –Sastry.

4. Numerical methods -A. Singaravelu.

5. Numerical Methods for Science and Engineering – R.G.Stanton

MPHY P1 - PRACTICAL I

1. Cauchy‟s constant.

2. Hyperbolic fringes – Elastic constants.

3. Elliptical fringes – Elastic constants

4. Michelson‟s interferometer.

5. Ultrasonic interferometer – velocity of ultrasonic waves in liquid.

6. Ultrasonic diffraction- compressibility of a liquid.

7. Solar spectrum.

8. Determination of radius of a thin wire by forming air wedge and using laser light.

9. Characteristics of optical fibre.

10. Susceptibility -Guoy‟s method.

11. Biprism – Determination of wavelength.

12. Hall effect – Determination of Hall coefficients.

13. Resistivity – Four probe method.

14. Equipotential surface – For various pairs of electrodes.

15. Dielecteric constant –LCR circuit.

16. B-H curve –Hysteresis loss.

17. Characteristics of photo transistor and photo diode.

18. Band gap determination

MPHY -P2: PARTICAL II

1. SCR Characteristics

2. UJT characteristics & Relaxation Oscillator

3. Construction of Dual regulated power supply using IC 78XX

4. Two stage RC coupled Transistor Amplifier- with and without feedback

5. Half adder and Full adder

6. Half Subtractor and Full Subtractor

7. Voltage to current and current to voltage converter - OP AMP

8. Study of Flip-Flops and verification of Truth Tables [RS,JK and D]

9. Square wave generator using IC741 and IC555

10. Wien‟s bridge Oscillator -using OPAMP

11. Differentiator and Integrator -using OPAMP

12. Solution of simultaneous equations using IC 741C

13. Schmitt Trigger

14. Phase Shift Oscillator

15. Mod „n‟ Counters

16. Sine Wave, Square wave & Triangular wave generator using IC 741C

17. D/A Converter- R-2R method

18. D/A Converter- Weighted Resistor method

19. Active filters[Low, high, Band- Pass] using OPAMP

20. Triangular and Saw tooth waveform generators using OPAMP

21. Monostable and Astable Multivibrator using IC741C