Module 2- Food Manufacture
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ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 1
:2 eludoM erutcafunam dooF
:tuoba nrael stnedutS rof slairetam war fo noitceles eht ni lortnoc ytitnauq dna ytilauQ
gnissecorp doof
gnissecorP dna noitcudorP
slairetam war fo lortnoc ytilauQ
egral pu ekam lairetam waR os ,stsoc fo % snoitacificeps diova ot decrofne eranoitanimatnoc
waRslairetam
)1 stneidergnI )2 slairetaM ni desu
gnirutcafunam
F )3 doosevitiddA
)4 gnigakcaP
:selpmaxE ,ragus ,ruolF
selppa
:selpmaxE maets
:selpmaxE ,sreifislumE
ruovalfsrecnahne
:selpmaxE ,snac lateMselttob citsalp
afunam dooF gnirutc fo noisrevnoc eht si slairetam war aiv tcudorp dehsinif a otnisessecorp lacimehc & lacisyhp
A lairetam waR fo erutcafunam eht ni desu tcudorp YNA si doof dessecorp rehtona
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 2
airetirC noitacificeps lairetam waR
:serutaef lairetam war fo noitpircseD )1
- )ezis ,epahs( lacisyhP - amora ,ruoloc( yrosneS ruovalf ,erutxet , ) - ,% erutsiom( lacimehC ,% tneirtun Hp ,) - timil lacigoloiborcim
)3 dedeen erutaef cificeps hcae tseT
:stluser no desab nekat noitcA )4 - tpecca - gnillortnoc fo dohtem tratS .tcejer melborp
lairetam war rof dohtem gnilpmaS )2
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 3
acificeps lairetam war a fo elpmaxE rof noit atef dalas atsap a ni eseehc :
aR fo noitpircseD serutaeF lairetam w lairetam waR eseehc ateF
scitsiretcarahc lacisyhP :epahs & eziS dluohS .sebuc mm51 neve otni decils eb oTeseehc ni seloh emos evah
yrosneS :ruoloC ruoloc etihw elap :erutxeT ,tsiom tub mrif C .yhsum ton erutxet ymaer :ruovalF ytlas - cidica ylthgils ,yruovas
:amorA llems ’ffo‘ oN .llems ruos thgils ,ytlas etisopmoc lacimehC :tnetnoc taF muminim %02
:tnetnoc erutsioM muminim %06 :Hp 4 neewteb - 5 ylbareferp ,6
daol laiborciM msinagroorciM
leveL
allenomlaS airetsiL
succocotpertS loc E i tsaeY dluoM
elpmas g 52 rep eerF elpmas g 52 rep eerF
elpmas g1 rep g1.0 “ “ “ 50.0 “ “ “ 001 “ “ “ 001
dohtem gnilpmaS scitsiretcarahc lacisyhP :epahs & eziS gnisu elpmas ebuc 05 rep ebuc eno tseT
ye dna relur thgise yrosneS :ruoloC thgiseye yb tset
:amorA ,ruovalF ,erutxeT deniart eerht fo puorg a esusretset etsat sa slanoisseforp
noitisopmoc lacimehC :tnetnoc taF )RNM( ecnanoser raelcun citengam esUelpmas ebuc 05 rep ebuc tset ot resylana
:tnetnoc erutsioM gnirusaem etarucca dna noitaropave esU.elpmas ebuc 05 rep ebuc eno fo thgiew fo
:Hp ebuc 05 rep ebuc enO .rotacidni lasrevinu gnisu tset.elpmas
daol laiborciM .yrotarobal ni gnilpmas rof sebuc 05 rep ebuc eno ekaT detset eb tsum ebuc hcaE yllaudividni hcae rof
.msinagroorcim dehcaerb era snoitacificeps fi nekat eb ot noitcA
tcejeR a redrO .lairetam war hctab wen si relppus elbailer erom a ,evitcefed si hctab wen fI .dedeen
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 4
ssecorp gnirutcafunam eht ni sevitidda doof fo eloR
i nac yehT laiceps tif dna serutaef yrosnes ,efil flehs dna ytilibats doof evorpm
.sdeen yrateid
evitiddA noitcnuF ni evitidda fo elpmaxEtcudorp
ruovalF ni tsol amora dna ruovalf erotseRgnissecorp
seillol ;ruovalf tiurF
ruovalFrecnahne
ruovalf evorpmI ruovalF tnatsni ;tehcasseldoon
ruoloc ruoloc evorpmi/erotseR dratsuC ;ruoloc kloy ggEredwop
larenim/nimatiV stneirtun tsol ecalpeR klim yoS ;muiclaC tlas lareniM leef htuom/erutxet evorpmI ;erutxet mriF dennac
snaeb tnadixoitnA flehs gnolorP - itneverp yb efil gn
noitadixo laicremmoC esiannoyam
tnatcemuH doof gnippots ,erutsiom brosbAtuo gniyrd
sdoog dekab laicremmoC
reifislumE retaw suonegomoh tnenamrep wollAserutxim lio +
esiannoyam laicremmoC
evitavreserP orcim fo htworg tibihnI - smsinagro icremmoc ,nocaB dekab lasdoog
dica dooF etsat prahs gnivig ,ytidica niatniaM eciuj nomel delttoB renekcihT rekciht doof ekam laicremmoc ;hcratS
esiannoyam laicifitrA
reneteews wol ot etsat teews eviG - sdoof eluoj raguS - mug gniwehc eerf
smug elbategeV t dna ycnetsisnoC erutxe gnisserd dalas ;mug rauG gnihcaelB
stnega sdoof netihW ruolf etihW
sevitidda dooF n ton sdoof ot dedda secnatsbus era no demusnoc yllamronwo rieht
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 5
noitcudorp fo sepyt tnereffid ni desu tnempiuqe fo scitsiretcarahCnoitceles rieht gnicneulfni srotcaf eht dna
desU ssecorP P esopru elpmaxE noitarapeS - noitartlif hguorht diuqil gnissaP
sdilos evomer ot hsem detnemref morf eniW
separg noitarapeS -
noitatnemides etarapes ot ytivarg fo esU
sdiuqil morf sdilos ni sdruc morf yehW
eseehc - gnikam noitarapeS - egufirtnec o sdilos etarapeS tnereffid f
sezis morf plup enac gnitarapeS
eciuj gnilliM dna gnidnirG :ezis elcitrap gnicudeR
- eldnah ot reisae ti ekam -↓ lairetam war fo ezis - tcudorp wen
rof stunaep gnidnirGrettub tunaep
ot sniarg taehw gnilliM
ruolf ekam gnixiM tneidergni serusnE era s
ylneve detubirtsid laicremmoc no dratsuc
elacs
slairetam war dilos + diuqiL
noitarapes
gnigakcap
noitaropave noitardyhed
gnixim gnidnirg
tropsnart
gnitaeH gnilooC gnizeerf
snoitarepO tinU eht erA noitcudorp gnirud seogrednu doof sessecorp cificeps slairetam war fo gnildnaH .
.desu noitarepo tsrif eht si
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 6
snoitarepO tinU inaelC gn
era erehT .gnissecorp rehtruf rof noitaraperp ni gninaelc ogrednu slairetam war tsoM:seuqinhcet fo rebmun a
eht fo ecafrus eht morf trid sa hcus setalucitrap setarapes :gniveis/gnineercS
lairetam reivaeh morf selcitrap thgil fo noitarapes :noitaripsA fo tsalb gnisu selcitrap
ecir morf ffahc gnivomer .g.e ria sevomer erusserp hgih rednu slairetam otno retaw gniyarps :gnihsaw yarpS
trid .g.e sirbed detnawnu morf sklats .g.e ycnayoub retaerg htiw slairetam sevomer :gnihsaw noitatolF
saep
gnitroS
i si tI tnetsisnoc a ,erofereht dna ytimrofinu erusne ot slairetam war tros ot tnatropm:swollof sa slairetam war tros srerutcafunaM .tcudorp dehsinif eht ni ytilauq
eht kooc dna tuohguorht ylneve etartenep nac taeh taht os tnatropmi si :eziS
semyzne yortsed/doof detcejer era sdoof dezisrednu ro dezisrevo ; ;epir nehw der thgirb era seotamot .g.e ssenepir fo eerged eht setacidni :ruoloC
lairetam war eht fo noitcejer ni stluser egamad/esaesid ot eud noitaruolocsid ;thgiew ot gnidrocca degakcap era sdoof ynam :thgieW eht erehw sesac nI
era stcudorp thgiewrevo ro rednu ,tcudorp ytilauq a ot lacitirc si thgiew.detcejer
tnempiuqe gnilooC ,smsinagroorcim nwod wolSegaliops dna semyzne
D taem sa hcus sdoog ileeseehc dna
stcudorp yriaD tnempiuqE gnizeerF tneverp ,efil flehs gnolorP
sdoof cificeps ,egaliops aerc ecI m
panS - selbategev nezorf
,seirtsap nezorF
sekaceseehc
taeM
slaem VT noitaropavE tnetnoc dilos etartnecnoC etsap otamot ,eciuj tiurF noitardyhed ot tnetnoc erutsiom rewoL
smsinagroorcim ecuder klim ,eeffoc deird yarpS
redwop
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 7
gnidarG fo epyt eht no tnedneped si ytilauq sihT .sdoof fo ytilauq eht fo erusaem a si gnidarG
f tnaw dluow uoy selppa suoiciled nedlog rof .g.e doof nedlog ,etsat psirc ,ssenmri:hguorht ytilauq erusaem srerutcafunaM .ruoloc )wolley ton( neerg
stnemerusaem evitatilauq mrofrep lennosrep deniart :tnemssessa evitcejbus
seotamot edarg srekrow ssecorp .g.e q mrofrep ot tnempiuqe gnisu :tnemssessa evitcejbo stnemerusaem evitatitnau
ssenpsirc ,ytisocsiv .g.e
gnicudeR emas eht morf edam eb ot stcudorp doof tnereffid fo egnar a selbane noitcuder eziS
.seotatop ybab dennac dna spihc otatop ,otatop hsam tnatsni .g.e tneidergni cisabt desu seuqinhcet fo selpmaxE :edulcni doof ecuder o
gnihsurc ruolf .g.e gnidnirg sraep dennit .g.e gnicils nac a ni seotamot decid .g.e gnicid nroc demaerc .g.e gniplup walseloc rof egabbac .g.e gnidderhs
gnixiM
o yteirav A .erutxim suonegomoh a mrof ot slairetam war senibmoc gnixiM f:desu si yrenihcam
sdiuqil rof rexim relleporp sredwop rof rexim relbmut sdoof deird rof rednelb nobbir daerb .g.e hguod rof rexim edalb ”Z‘ klim sa hcus snoislume rof rexim esinegomoh erusserP esiannoyam sa hcus snoislume suocsiv rof erutxim diolloC
gnitarapeS no gnidneped ,syaw lareves hguorht deveihca eb nac sdilos dna sdiuqil fo noitarapeS
:tcudorp eht eht dellac diuqil eht secudorp retlif a hguorht erutxim eht gnissap :noitartliF
rud desu ylnommoc si sihT .eudiser eht dellac dlos eht dna etartlif eht gni.noitcudorp eseehc ni sdruc morf yehw fo noitarapes
ot sdilos ecrof ot lessev lacirdnilyc a fo noitom gninnips a sesu :gnigufirtneC morf purys ragus fo noitarapes .g.e lessev gninnips eht fo sllaw eht ni tisoped
sdilos s eht gniwolla :noitatnemideS noitrop diuqil eht ;mottob eht ot elttes ot sdilo
eniw .g.e ffo detnaced eb neht nac - gnikam
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 8
gnihcnalB neht ,doirep trohs a rof retaw gniliob ni doof gnisremmi sevlovni gnihcnalBmyzne etavitcani ot desu ylnommoc tsom si sihT .retaw dloc gnisu gnihserfer ni se
fo sepyt eerhT .tcudorp eht fo ytilauq eht gniniatniam tslihw ,selbategev dna stiurf:desu era gnihcnalb
gnihcnalb retaW gnihcnalb maetS gnihcnalb evaworciM
P smetsys noitcudor llams .g.e ,doof fo erutcafunam eht ni desu
,elacs egral ,elacs desiretupmoc ,detamotua ,launam
:no sdneped desu metsys ehT - erutan tcudorp fo - noitcudorp fo elacs deriuqer tnuoma .e.i - scimonoce $$ erom sekam hcihw .e.i
- ecnatpecca remusnoc elpoep fo daetsni senihcam rodnev fo esu .g.e
smetsyS noitcudorP w eht era era sessecorp noitcudorp doof ya deilppa dna desinagro
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 9
elacs egraL :
desU rof snoitarepo regral a no desab enil noitcudorp slairetam war erehw hguorht og.snoitarepo tinu lla gnicudorp fo elbapaC stnuoma egral ni a emit trohs doirep
elacs llamS : citsemoD )dlohesuoh eb yam( level , xelpmoc ssel noitarepo ni
noitcudorp launaM : sevlovnI gniretla yllacisyhp doof fo level niatrec a niatniam ot enod yllausu si tI .
si yrenihcam deriuqer eht esuaceb ro yrenihcam gnisu deniatta eb tonnac taht ytilauq,elpmaxe roF .yltsoc oot senetaciled rieht fo esuaceb dnah yb dellif eb yam sesac eip .s
noitamotuA :
ssecorp dna eldnah senihcaM ot slairetam war eht ecudorp tcudorp dehsinif . yehT evah snoitidnoc tes erutarepmet ,ytidimuh .g.e noitcudorp ni .
:noitasiretupmoC deveihca si noitasiretupmoc ,noitamotua nI srosnes gnisu . xelpmoc selbane sihT
elacs egral no demrofrep eb ot snoitarepo . era stifeneB ruobal decuder , tnetsisnocslevel noitcudorp dna ytilauq dna egatsaw ssel fo noitcudorp edulcni selpmaxE . tfos
.aloC acoC sa hcus sknird
noitcudorPsmetsys
llams )1 - elacs
launam )2
egral )3 -elacs
noitamotua )4
)5C pmo desiretu
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 01
smargaiD wolF u era smargaid wolF tneserper ot des udorp doof ssecorp noitc se :serutaeF .
- slobmys cisab 5 - SHR no noitanalpxe htiw nwod yllacitrev nettirW - yb denioJ senil
trahc wolf ssecorp noitcudorP
noitarepO :si lairetam war a erehw si sihT
-C degnah yaw emos ni - delbmessid/delbmessA lairetam rehtona morf - deraperP noitarepo rehtona rof
noitcepsnI ,denimaxe ,delpmas ,dekcehc si lairetaM
o derusaem a htiw derapmoc r dradnats
noitatropsnarT
egarotS
yaleD pets txen wolla ton od snoitidnoc nehW
ecalp ekat ot
slobmys denibmoC .g.e emit emas eht ta rucco seitivitca owt nehW
eruarepmet gnirusaem ,gnitaeh
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 11
E fo elpmax dorp dalas degakcap a rof trahc wolf ssecorp noitcu :
)1 ot detropsnart era selbategeVgnissecorp hserF dalaS
seitilicaf
)2 .detcepsni era selbategeVdevomer stcesni dna triD
)3 detcepsni era selbategeV hsaw gnisitinas A .niaga
r .airetcab lufmrah sevome
)9 derots si tcudorPdetaregirfer
)5 ta deraperp era selbategeV4 enil noitcudorp dna C˚
denaelc ylhguoroht
)6 era selbategev dalaS ni degakcap evitca ro PAM
.gnigakcap
)7 dexob si dalas dexiM
)8 era sexim sdalas dexoBni tpek ta moor looc a 1 C˚
)4 sekat tsigolonhcet doof A selbategev eht fo selpmas
gnisitinas srotinom dna hsaw
)01 detropsnart era selbategeVreliater eht ot
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 21
ot secitcarp lairtsudni snoitaredisnoc tnemeganam ytilauQ ;PCCAH .g.e ,noitpmusnoc cilbup rof sdoof efas eveihca
eneigyh dna ytefas ,htlaeh lanoitapucco :srevoc tI
- tnempoleved tcudorp - noitcudorp - res dna gnitekram gniciv .S&HO dna PCCAH edulcni seuqinhcet tnemeganam ytilauQ oc eht si ecnarussa ytilauQ - lortnoc ytilauq eveihca ot noitasinagro na fo noitarepo
stcudorp lla fo :ecnarussa ytilauq erusne taht serudecorp tnemeganam ytilauQ
- noitacificeps tcudorp lanif e fo level ytilauq detcepx - dohtem ytilauq gnissessa dna gnirusaem rof - saera gnissecorp rof snoitacificeps aera krow naelc .g.e devlovni - gnilpmas dna gnitset fo tcudorp lanif
stniop lortnoc lacitirc dna sisylana drazaH evitceffe tsom eht fo enO fo snaem PCCAH ,ytefas doof gnirusne ot smia dna lortnoc
etanimile sdrazah doof
tnemeganaM )lortnoc( ytilauQ eht si sdradnats niatrec teem ot ytiliba niLLA cudorp ytilauq a ecudorp ot redro ni gnissecorp doof fo stcepsa t .
)1 ssessA sdrazah ytefas doof
)2 yfitnedI tirc )PCC( stniop lortnoc laci
)6 etaruccA sdrocer on erusne ot morf snoitaived sdradnats PCC
)3 teS sdradnats PCC rof
)4 rotinoM PCC
)5 snoitcA dehcaerb si PCC fi nekat
)7 tnemssessA metsys PCCAH fo
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 31
ecorp PCCAH fo elpmaxE :xim dalas rof serud
spetS noitcudorP drazaHsisylanA
lacitirC lortnoC
stnioP
serusaeM lortnoC stimil lacitirC gnirotinoMserudecorP
rroC evitcenoitcA
tnemucoDserudecorP
1 gnidaolnu 2 noitcepsni
3 sirbed fo lavomer )5( lacigoloiB PCC yb yllaunam evomeRthgis
eb dluohs stcesni/lios oNtneserp
noitcepsni lausiV tcejer stluser tseT
4 noitcepsni 5 cirtic( hsaw gnisitinas
dna dica muidos )etirolhcopyh
)5( lacigoloiB )5( lacimehC
PCC gnisitinas htiw hsaWhsaw
dna level negohtap oreZ devomer si hsaw gnisitinas
dloc htiw gnihsaw ybretaw
,daol laiborciM eudiser rof gnitset
hsaw gnisitinas fo
tcejer stluser tseT
6 nekat selpmas 7 deraperp selbategev )5( lacigoloiB PCC 4 ta .pmet niatniaM .C˚
enil noitcudorp naelCstcudorp neewteb
deecxe ton dluohs pmeT4 senil noitcudorP .C˚
w/b denaelc ylhguoroht stcudorp
erutarepmet tcejer stluser tseT
8 gnigakcap )3( lacigoloiB PCC esU dellortnoc/deifidom
gnigakcap erehpsomta
igakcaP dluohs .pmet gn4 deecxe ton .C˚
erutarepmet tcejeR stluser tseT
9 gnixob 01 moor looc ot nekat 11 egarots )4( lacigoloiB PCC 1 ta .pmet peeK C˚ 1 ta tpek pmeT C˚ erutarepmet tcejer stluser tseT 21 reliater ot tropsnart snart detaregirfeR trop
1 ta C˚ nihtiw reliater hcaer tsuM
sruoh 63 erutarepmet tcejer stluser tseT
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 41
sreyolpmE :ot deriuqer era - tuoba niart/tcurtsni seussi ytefas - llew ,efas edivorp - tneiciffe ,deniatniam tnempiuqe - efas a edivorp tnemnorivne ( if ,noitalitnev .g.e no ,dia tsr - eht - gniniart boj )
seeyolpmE :ot deriuqer era - fo erac ekat ytefas dna htlaeh srehto fo - tcerroc raew gnihtolc evitcetorp - sa tnempiuqe esu detcurtsni - edivorP stnedicca fo noitacifiton
pecca ,ytefas .g.e ,sdoof gnivreserp rof snosaeR evitirtun ,ytilibatytilibaiv cimonoce dna ytilibaliava ,eulav
rof snosaeRnoitavreserP
)1 peek doof efas
tae ot
)2 doof niatniaM na ni elbatpeccaetats eht rof
ecneh ,remusnocetsaw gnitneverp
)3 niateRnoitirtun )5 ↑ cimonoce
ytilibaiv yb↓ lanosaes
snoitautculf
)4 ekaM elbahsirep
sdoof elbaliavadnuor raey lla
S&HO fo erawa eb ot ecalpkrow eht ni srekrow LLA fo ytilibisnopser eht sistnedicca laitnetop .S&HO ot detaler
noitavreserP i ot doof fo gnissecorp eht s snoitidnoc egaliops doof etanimile
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 51
:egaliops dna noitaroireted doof fo sesuaC - )retaw dna thgil ,negyxo ,noitatsefni( srotcaf latnemnorivne - noitca citamyzne - ,dluom( noitanimatnoc laiborcim )airetcab dna tsaey
sa hcus ,seuqinhcet noitavreserp doof dniheb selpicnirP
erutsiom fo noitcirtser dna lortnoc erutarepmet
fo sesuaC doof dna noitaroireted
egaliops
)1 semyzne )2 latnemnorivnesrotcaf
)3 seborcim
:yb noitatsefnI cesni ,stnedor st
:snoitcaer lacisyhP ,gninrub ,gnizeerf ,erusserP
tnemevom
:egamad lacimehC thgiL negyxO
retaw
sdluoM stsaeY airetcab sesuriV
dooF egaliopS
srotcaF
MOT TAC
fo noitiddAC slacimeh
M erutsio retaw()ytivitca
A Hp( ytidic)level
O negyxlevel
T erutarepme T emi
noitavreserp doof fo selpicnirP srotcaf egaliops doof gnillortnoc ot srefer
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 61
dooF egaliopS
rotcaF
elpicnirp noitavreserP noitavreserPdohtem
elpmaxE dooF
:seborciM - airetcab - dluoM - suriV - tsaeY
erutarepmeT cificeps deen seborciM
ot segnar erutarepmet.ylpitlum
THU ,gninnaC
gnol kcap arteT - klim efil
noitasiruetsaP
stcudorp klim yriad
noitasiliretS snaeb dekab dennaC gnillihC yriaD stcudorp
gnizeerF maerc eci ,selbategev nezorF erutsioM
senimreted level erutsioMylpitlum nac eborcim rehtehw
gnikomS nomlas dekomS gniyrd ezeerF C eeffo slaem gnipmac ,
gniyrD tiurf deirD gnitlaS ,ykrej feeB
level ragus hgiH ot ,edalamraM lemarac ,eeff level Hp
ton lliw seborcim tsoM2.4 fo Hp a woleb ylpitlum
A dica gnidd
selbategev delkciP rageniv ni
F yb noitatnemreb airetca
tuarkreuas ,trugoY
level negyxO ciborea deen seborcim tsoM
snoitidnoc
gnigakcap muucav nodu ,staem nagrO neikkoh &atsap hserf ,seldoon
riA gnidulcxE stneverp snoitidnoc eliretS seborcim yb noitanimatnoc
S gnissecorp eliretgnigakcap/snoitidnoc
noitasilirets sevlovni gninnaCmaets yb
lacimehCsnoitcaer
egarots dna gnildnaH secitcarp larutlucirgA
h tcerroC .g.e gnildna egarots & gnihsaw doof fo ksir secuder
ffo gniog
dna stiurf etaciled ynaM ,tiurf enots .g.e selbategevinihccuz ,srebmucuc ,sraep
esitcarp larutlucirgA lacimehc ecuder taht
seudiser
hserf fo gnimraf cinagrOecudorp
citamyznEytivitca
egyxO level n erutarepmeT
O gnirewoL 2 slevel erutarepmet dna
sdrater eborcimhtworg
sa hcus sdoof dekoocnu erotS ni taem dna selbategev ,stiurf
gnilc htiw derevoc ,egdirfparw
level Hp
rageniv sa hcus sdicasemyzne etavitcani
rageniv ni gnilkciP
gnildnaH
C gnildnah tcerro ot erusopxe secuder
eussit lanretni
morf ecudorp hserf gnitneverPegamad lacisyhp
erutarepmeT serutarepmet hgiHsemyzne yortsed
semugel gnikooc ylhguorohT esuac taht semyzne syortsed
ecnelutalf
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 71
nac gnidulcni ,sessecorp noitavreserP ,gnisiruetsap ,gniyrd ,gnin
gnitnemref dna gnizeerf
emiT )hcus sa ssecorp noitavreserp ton(
eht morf devomer eb dluohs dooF enoz regnad 05( - 06 ˚ yb rehtiw sruoh owt nihtiw )C.gnilooc ro gnitaeh
erutarepmeT
erutarepmet gnirewoL
:gnillihC L epmet gnirewo ot erutar 0- 51 ˚C semyzne dna htworg eborcim nwod swols
:gnizeerF T erutarepme - ot 51 - 03 ˚C gnizeerf kciuQ . ytilauq sniater
erutarepmeT gnisiaR :gninnaC
gninnac citpesA nicalp erofeb doof gnitaeh sevlovni .delaes dna nac dezilirets ni g ninnac lanoitnevnoC g gnikooc dna gnilaes ,nit ni doof gnicalp sevlovni .
noitasiruetsaP :
kliM 51 rof )C°07( sepip latem detaeh hguorht dessap si - sdnoces 02
THU - artlu( - )tnemtaert taeh : ot gnitaeH 531 ˚ 1 rof C - sdnoces 2 k ti , hcum oot tuohtiw seborcim lla tsomla sllisimorpmoc ytilauq ot e .deneponu fi egarots yrd rof elbatius era stcudorp THU .
erutarepmet gnirewoL : - gnillihC - gnizeerf
vreserP noita sessecorP
:erutarepmeT gnisiaR - gninnaC - noitasiruetsaP - THU - gnihcnalB
:sdohtem lacigoloiB - noitatnemref
:sdohteM lacimehC - sevitidda - gnikoms - gnitlas & gniruc
:retaw gnicudeR - gniyrd yarps - noitardyhed muucav - retaw fo gnidnib - niyrd ezeerF g
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 81
:gnihcnalB I ni gnisremm sdoirep trohs rof retaw gniliob
lacigoloiB noitatnemreF :
stsaeY ecudorp dna tsaey eht sllik taht lohocla stibihni .seborcim airetcaB ecudorp ht gnirewol ,sdica Hp e
sdohteM lacimehC
lacimehC A sevitidd : sa hcus slacimehC stlas etirtin ,stnadixoitna ,edixoid ruhplus ,dica ciozneb ,scitoibitna
seborcim tibihni S gnikom : H tae dna itna - stnega lairetcab seborcim yortsed C gnitlas & gniru : -C fo noitanibmo dna setartin tlas .retaw htiw sdnib tlaS .
retaw gnicudeR )htworg rof retaw eriuqer seborcim( S gniyrd yarp : P ot deird dna stelpord ynit ni deyarps si tcudor .g.e redwop .klim deredwop V noitardyhed muuca : W devomer si reta muucav a ni taeh yb urf edulcni stcudorp dooF . dna selbategev ,sti
staem B retaw fo gnidni : A ekil slairetam elbulos gnidd & tlas ragus seborcim morf retaw tuo sward
gniyrd ezeerF : si dooF tsrif yldipar nezorf U . evael ot demilbus si eci ,taeh dna muucav gnis
.tcudorp detardyhed ev ,stiurf edulcni sdooF staem dna selbateg
noitavreserPdohteM
selpmaxE dooF siht seod yhW?krow dohtem
lanoitiddAnoitamrofnI
gnizeerF - taeM - tiurF - selbategev
- emyzne swolSnoitca
- retaw sekaM rof elbaliavanu
seborcim
- revo sllik gnizeerFseborcim fo %08
- gnihcnalBlbategev erofeb se
syortsed gnizeerfsemyzne
gniyrd nuS - taeM - tiurF - selbategev
- eborcim stibihni hguorht htworg
retaw fo kcal
sniatniam gniyrDytilauq
ragus hgiHnoitartnecnoc
- smaj - stiurf deidnac
- tuo sward ragus morf erutsiom
seborcim
doof sniatniaMytilauq
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 91
elbaliava slairetam fo sepyt dna gnigakcap fo snoitcnuF
noitubirtsid dna egarots ,gnigakcaP
gnilttoB - taeM - tiurF - selbategev
- dna seborcim sllik hgih ta gnikooc aiv
a rof taehdoirep degnolorp
- maetS - desilirets
stneverp sreniatnocgniretne seborcim
- emit gnikooC ,Hp no sdneped dna ytisned doof
ezis reniatnoc - gnilooc dipaR
gninnac retfa lacitirc sdiova
1( enoz .pmet -06 ˚C)
gnitlaS - taeM - sgge
- stibihni tlaS yb seborcim
retaw htiw gnidnib - tibihni stlas etirtin
htworg eborcim
- sniatniam gnitlasytilauq
noitatnemreF - lohocla - rageniv - trugoy - eseehc - daerb
strevnoc tsaeY ot setardyhobrac
.lohocla ro dicasnoitidnoc esehT
eborcim tibihnihtworg
lohocla ro dicA spots decudorp
gniworg tsaey
snoitcnuF fognigakcaP
CCIPP
P tcetor P evreser C ecneineivno I mrofn C niatno
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 02
gnigakcap fo snoitcnuF )mynorca CCIPP(
doof tcetorP :
F mor ot detaler egamad cisyhp erutsiom dna snoitidnoc egarots ,gnildnah la
doof evreserP : P ,ytidicnar ,seborcim tnever A .egamad thgil ,egaliops erutsiom dna tiurf wollv eripser ot selbatege
sremusnoc mrofnI : ot remusnoc selbane lebaL i yfitned eht dna tcudorp ,lenap lanoitirtun ,dnarb
,ytitnauq ,stneidergni esu ,esu rof snoitcerid - etad yb C ecneinevno :
seldoon era selpmaxE .doof eht taeh/kooc ot lessev a sa desu eb nac gnigakcap emoS -a ni - tnuoma eht ylno esu ot sremusnoc swolla yam gnigakcaP .ediv suos dna puc yeht
ssalg dna citsalp ,elpmaxe roF .emit eno ta tnaw selttob
doof niatnoC : detropsnart dna deldnah eb ot doof swolla gnigakcaP yllacineigyh .ylisae dna dluow tI
ot cineigyhnu eb dluow ti dna dnah yb ruolf sa hcus stcudorp tropsnart ot tluciffid eb yrrac .dnah yb staem
airetaM airetirc ngised gnigakcap dna l CNIPS()mynorca
:tsuM dooF
CNIPS
S eht tiugnigakcap
Pr dna tcetoevreserp
B e C inevno tneesu ot
ylisaEI elbaifitned
N htiw tcaer tognigakcap
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 12
gnigakcaP yradnoceS dna yramirP eht si gnigakcap yramirP ni doof eht syub remusnoc eht egakcap .
S gnigakcap yradnoce gnirud desu si orf noitatropsnart ecalptekram ot rerutcafunam m
.parw knirhs .g.e
snaC o era snaC desu ylediw tsom dna tsepaehc eht fo en gnigakcap ailartsuA ni . era erehT
t sepyt niam ow snac latem fo : S leet & A muinimul . rof desu era snac leetS dna sdilosimes - sdilos nac muinimula elihw su era s rof de sdiuqil
c lateM tsisnoc sna nit a htiw edis rehtie no detaoc teehs leets a fo - yolla reyal a neht ,
nit nialp fo . An lemane .roiretni eht srevoc reyal noisorroc stneverp reyal lemane ehT ot eud cidica selkcip ,seotamot .g.e stnetnoc lruc ehT . fo sreyal 5 smrof dne nac eht no
na gnidivorp ,latem thgitria .laes
:nac leets fo sreyaL
segatnavdA segatnavdasiD gnirud egakcap dna laes ,llif ot ysae
noitcudorp derots yltneiciffe ton
dekcats dna deyalpsid ylisae elbisiv ton stnetnoc mi elbakaerbnu yllautriv ;tnatsiser tcap ;
non ;suoivrepmi - suorop fo smrof rehto ot derapmoc ,evisnepxe
gnigakcap elbalcycer ylluF yvaeh dna yklub
gniR - nepo ot tneinevnoc era snac llup llup tuohtiw snaC - denepo eb tonnac sgnirrenepo nac tuohtiw
irets ylisaE cineigyh dna desil ybereht ,mrof yam skcarc llams detned fI yb noitanimatnoc & noisorroc gniksir
seborcim elbaliava sezis fo egnaR ni rednilyc a ot detimil si nac fo epahS
sesac tsom elbaliava ylediW segde prahs evah snac denepO
gnol sedivorP - arots mret eg reniatnoc a sa desuer eb tonnaC detaeh eb tonnaC
niT - yolla niT
leetS
gnitaoc lemanE roiretnI
niT
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 22
ssalG ssalG ssalg ,esilirets oT .sraj dna selttob sedulcni gnigakcap toh rehtie era sreniatnoc -
58 ta desiruetsap ro dellif ˚ rof C hgih - sdoof dica .
segatnavdA segatnavdasiD treni yllacimehC batiusnU rof el hserf yklub gnirots
dna stiurf fo sknuhc egral .g.e ecudorpselbategev
elbisiv era stnetnoC elttirB - c ylroop fi pihc ro rettahs nanoitatropsnart gnirud .g.e deldnah
cineigyh dna sselruodO ni .pse drazah htlaeh a si ssalg nekorBllifdnal
aemrepmI non dna elb - suorop derots yltneiciffe ton ssenkciht dna thgiew sti rof gnortS
sezis dna sepahs fo yteiraV gnol sedivorP - egarots mret
desuer dna delcycer eb naC imes dna sdiuqil ,sdilos rof desu eb naC -
sdilos detaeh eb ot elbA
drac dna repaP draob fo eno si repaP gnigakcap fo smrof tsedlo dna tsepaehc eht sdoof yrd rof ylniam desU .
.eciuj dna sklim rof desu eb nac draob detanimal tub
:sepahs dna sezis fo egnar ediW - ( sgab repap .g.e )ruolf ,ragus ,seikooc - ( skcas repap .g.e ruolf & ecir klub ) - ( snotrac dedluom .g.e )snotrac gge - draob - desab ( stcudorp .g.e )stiucsib ,sexim ekac ,slaerec - ( skcirb draobrepap .g.e gnol - )eciuj & klim efil - ( snotrac draobrepap .g.e )sdratsuc & klim hserf - )sexob etalocohc .g.e( snotrac gnidlof - reniatnoc etisopmoc )sretsinac doof kcans ,sreniatnoc oliM .g.e( s - )smeti klub rof gnigakcap yradnoces .g.e( draob detagurroc
selgnirP THU kliM
taehW ruolF
rettuB ekaC
tdniL C etalocoh
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 32
segatnavdA segatnavdasiD derots yltneiciffe dna ylisae elbasuer toN - ton fi llifdnal sa pu sdne
fo desopsid ylreporp paehc yrev sae htiw derepmat ro degamad yli
elbadargedoib dna elbalcycer derots fi dluom dna nimrev ot elbitpecsussnoitidnoc pmad ni
gnigakcap rehto htiw denibmoc eb ot elbalatem ,citsalp .g.e slairetam
elbisiv ton tcudorp
elbaliava ylediW ylisae snrub
scitsalP .gnigakcap fo mrof wen ylevitaler a era scitsalP citsalP si paehc a rof desu eb nac dna
ediw yteirav s ,sdilos ,gnidulcni stcudorp doof fo ime - dna doof hserf ,sdiuqil sdilos.sdoof deird
segatnavdA segatnavdasiD
dna sruoloc ,sezis ,sepahs fo egnar ediwof sdoof fo egnar ediw a rof elbaliava smr
dna taeh hgih yb demrofed dna detleMtnrub nehw semuf cixot sesaeler
paehc ylevitaler
elcycer ot yltsoc
gnorts tey thgiewthgil sa pu sdne ,yltcerroc fo desopsid ton fIefildliw ot taerht a gnisop llifdnal
eb nac si tcudorp os tnerapsnart edamelbisiv
edargedoib ton seod
gnilaeppa yllacitehtsea non morf emoc tsom - secruoser elbawener elbasueR
foorpretaw delcycer eb nac sepyt tsoM
cineigyh dna trenI
digiR - gnigakcap citsalP t era erehT lynivylop :sepyt ow eret enelyhteylop dna )CVP( edirolhc ( etalhthp PTEP )
CVP si slaidroc dna slio elbide rof desu PTEP si sknird tfos rof desu
gnigakcap citsalp elbixelF owt era erehT niam :sepyt woL - woL raenil dna )EPDL( enelyhteylop ytisned - ytisned
esu )EPDLL( enelyhteylop rof d parw gnilc ,srenil xob laerec dna ekac .CVP dna )PP( enelyporpyloP :era sepyt desu resseL
enelyporpyloP si rof desu stiucsib ,spihc .g.e sdoof kcans gnipparw elbategev dna taem rof desu CVP
snoitanimaL
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 42
gnitanimaL sevlovni gninibmoc owt tam erom ro yb denioj slaire taeh ro sevisehda .gnigakcap citsalp tsoM snoitanimal fo mrof a si .
imulA in sliof mu .muinimula era sliof tsoM u era yehT citsalp ro repap htiw denibmoc yllaus
)detanimal( dna htgnerts dda ot ytidigir . scitsalp gnisillateM gnitaoc evlovni lp citsatI. reirrab evitceffe tey paehc a gnidivorp ,latem fo taoc enif a htiw PAM ni desu si
atop sa hcus gnigakcap t .stekcap psirc o PAM ,gnigakcap evitca .g.e gnigakcap ni stnempoleved tnerruC
gnigakcap
gnigakcaP ni stnempoleved tnerruC knil eb naC ot de ↑ :ni
* stnempoleved lacigolonhcet * eb ot doof rof deen dnuor raey elbaliava * a ot gnidael ,noitasinabru ↓ ni emoh - sdoof nworg * ecneulffa rof deen dna ecneineivnoc * ygrene ,stsoc seussi latnemnorivnE dna fo noitcuder gnigakcap revo * noitalupop gniega idael , rof deen ot gn denepo ylisae gnigakcap * ot gnidael ylefas remusnoc gnigakcap tnedive repmat * noitalsigel stnemeriuqer gnillebaL
snaC leetS - dewolla evah edaced tsap revo depoleved snac yolla renniht htiw snac regnortssllaw . niR g- snac llup retfa noos depoleved
gninnac lanoitnevnoC ( desu gnirud sraey 002 tsap ) emos fo ytilauq eht sesimorpmoc
.sdoof gninnac citpesA doof gnikooc( yletarapes dna nac desilirets ni gnicalp erofeb.siht decalper ylegral sah )gnilaes muucav
gnigakcaP tnerruCstnempoleved
citpesAgninnac
,regnortSsnac rethgil
evitcAgnigakcap
lanoitcnuFgnigakcap
PAMgnigakcap
elbadargedoiBscitsalp
ediv suoS
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 52
kcaP evitcA gniga )PA( p eht ,PA nI erehpsomta gnigakca segnahc ylevitca yb gnitcaretni gnigakcap eht htiw
eht gnolorp ot lairetam .doof fo efil flehs
i PA sevlovn esag ro smlif ,stehcas fo noitidda :edulcni sepyT .s - )ytidicnar wols( sregnevacs negyxO - r edixoid nobraC itna( esaele - )laiborcim - seborcim stibihni( lortnoc ytidimuh - )gev dna tiurf fo gninepir swols( lavomer enelyhte - itna( esaeler lonahte - )laiborcim
gnigakcaP PAM eht stsujda gnigakcap erehpsomta deifidoM erehpsomta gnigakcap gnitrats ecudorp ot
taht sesag .efil flehs gnolorp seod dna deifidom yltnenamrep si erehpsomta gnigakcaP.egnahc ton
owT smrof :desu era
- epacse ton lliw dna efil flehs sdnetxe taht sesag htiw dellif si ecapsdaeh - egakcap fo tuo dna ni sdiuqil dna sesag fo tnemevom swolla taht mlif a .g.e
O swolla taht gnigakcap 2 OC dna ni 2 dna stiurf rof desu sag enelyhte sbrosba dna tuo.gev
ediv suoS
a( ediv suoS ak gnikooc muucav ) spets 3 ni derutcafunam si : )1 F si doo dekooc ni demuucav hcuop enelyhteylop ro enelyporpylop , )2 B tsal dellihc 3 ot ˚C )3 S ,derot detaregirfer skeew 6 ot pu rof
01 rof retaw gniliob ni decalp si egakcap ,taeher oT - 4 rof evaworcim ro snim 51 - 5
.snim segatnavdA segatnavdasiD
derots dna deraperp ylisae
gnitaehrednu ro gnitaehrevo fo ksir hgih razah laiborcim gnitluser dna( )sd
paehc deird .g.e stcudorp emos rof elbatiusnUsdoof
etsat larutan secnahne staf lanoitidda rof deen on ;yhtlaeh
noitneter tneirtun mumixam
elbadargedoiB scitsalp
elbadargedoiB scitsalp rof sdnats ALP .citnalP dna ALP edulcni dica citcalylop a dn si sa hcus secruos morf devired yehw revotfel dna hcratsnroc ,noitcudorp eseehc morf
.ragus enac citnalP hgih deifidom morf edam si - esolyma hcratsnroc era htoB . dexob rof syart sa yrubdaC yb desu yltnerruc era yeht( tekram eht ot wen ylevitaler
talocohc morf devired era hcihw scitsalp lanoitnevnoc ot evitanretla na reffo tub )seedurc non a( lio - )ecruoser elbawener ylluf dna elbulos retaw era , elbadargedoib ni(
.)repap naht retsaf neve sedarged ti ,tcaf
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 62
segatnavdA segatnavdasiD
fo desopsid ylisaE - retaw elbulos elbaliava ylediw ton ,yltnerruC elbadargedoib ylluF lanoitnevnoc naht $$ erom ,yltnerruC
scitsalp elbawener ,elbaliava ylediw morf devireD
secruoser
gnigakcaP lanoitcnuF
eht gnigakcap sevlovni gnigakcap lanoitcnuF stneidergni lanoitcnuf ht fo tcudorp e eht otni gnigakcap eht esaeler taht swarts knird era selpmaxE .doof eht naht rehtar
eht sesaeler pac eht erehw selttob delaes dna meht knird uoy sa tneidergni gniruovalf.gninepo ot roirp tsuj knird eht otni tneidergni
stnemeriuqeR evitalsigeL gnillebaL dna gnigakcaP rof
ehT edoC sdradnatS sdooF dedivorp era sremusnoc erusne ot sdradnats gnillebal stes
.gnigakcap hguorht doof efas dna noitamrofni tcerroc htiw
:edulcni stca rehtO - eht etatS tcA tnemerusaeM edarT . 9891 tI( tcerroc secrofne giew )gnillebal th - eht laredeF edarT secitcarP tcA 4791 ( stibihorp seitivitca suolupurcsnu )
tnanevoC gnigakcaP lanoitaN ehT i tnanevoC gnigakcaP lanoitaN ehT ot hcaorppa yldneirf yllatnemnorivne na s
.gnigakcap dna gnigakcap taht elpicnirp eht no desab si tI eht si noitanitsed lanif sti.ytilibisnopser llarevo s’recudorp snaps tnemeerga ehT sraey 5 srecudorp seriuqer dna
ot gnilcycer edisbrek ot slairetam war morf ,gnigakcap fo stcepsa lla rotinom .
gnillebaL dooF i gnillebal dooF s denimreted yb eht atS dooF sdradn edoC fo tcudorp a , ZNASF .
saera 3 no sesucof tI gnillebal gninrecnoc : - stnemetats taht sdrow/ tsum raeppa - taht sdrow/stnemetats ton tsum raeppa - taht sdrow/stnemetats secnatsmucric niatrec rednu raeppa yam
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 72
:lebal knird strops fo elpmaxE
tsil stneidergnI )9
/etad egakcaP )8 esu - etad yb
edocraB )7
dna emaN )6 fo sserddarerutcafunam fo sliateD )5
nigiro fo yrtnuoc
dna tnetnoc lohoclA )4 dradnats fo rebmun
sknird
)3 fo tnemetatSilauq yt
noitirtuN )2lenap noitamrofni
)1 emaN
gnillebal dooFstnemeriuqer
tropS ’o yrrebeulB
noitamrofnI lanoitirtuN )Lm 052( zo 8 :ezis gnivreS
gnivres rep tnuomA 0 taf morf seirolaC 06 seirolaC
g0 taF latoT g0 taF detarutaS g0 loretselohC
muidoS g0 gm031 muissatoP g23 etardyhobraC latoT g23 sraguS g0 nietorP
A nimatiV B nimatiV C nimatiV
stneidergnI serp ,)201 ,101( sruoloc ,sruovalf ,dica doof ,ragus enac ,retaw : )5401( evitavre ailartsuA WSN ,ageB ,proC .’ocnaC :yb derutcafunaM
ailartsuA fo tcudorP 2604 :.oN hctaB 0102/30/51 :erofeb tseB
4256008120 :no eniltoh ecnarussa ytilauq eerf ruo llac ,yaw yna ni tcudorp eht htiw deifsitasnu era uoy fI
1006941930405503
1
TEP
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 82
snoitcirtseR gnillebaL * ON seman edart gnidaelsim * ON smialc lanoitirtun dedda on .g.e senilediug tcirts ot erehda ton od taht ro esotlam ,tlam ,yenoh ,sragus dedda niatnoc ton yam doof a snaem ragus tcartxe tlam * ON c fo smial noitca cituepareht recnac seruc .g.e * ON sa deterpretni eb dluoc taht cte stnemetats/sdrow ecivda lacidem * P‘ ’eru ot desu eb ylno yam tneidergni elgnis sdoof htiw ON sevitidda *‘H ’htlae yam TON rof desu eb doof yna irtsid dna snoitidnoc egarotS fo segats suoirav ta smetsys noitub
erutcafunam doof
E thgilnus ot erusopx dediova eb tsum snoitidnoc egarots lla ni
a 3 era erehT gnigakcap lufsseccus rof deredisnoc eb ot stceps noitubirtsid dna :
)1 ehT lairetam fo epyt detropsnart gnieb sirep .g.e eriuqer sdoof elbahtropsnart detaregirfer
)2 mumixam erusne ot desu gnigakcap ehT ytilauq )3 $$ evitceffe rerutcafunam dna remusnoc tifeneb ot tropsnart
eht morf deredisnoc eb ot sdeen noitubirtsiD lennahc noitubirtsid eht DNA
smetsys noitubirtsid
:egarots yrD 42 woleB ˚ htiw C
lortnoc ytidimuh stiucsib .g.e
:egarots dloC dehsinif ro lairetam waR
0 ta tcudorp -5˚ C tiurf .g.e
egarots dooF snoitidnoC
:egarots rezeerF - ot 81 - 03 ˚C
maerc eci .g.e
egarotS :ot srefer - fo gnipeek slairetam war gnissecorp erofeb - a egats yaled eniw ,foorp ot daerb rof gnitiaw .g.e gnissecorp doof ni noitatnemref - egarots noitubirtsid erofeb
noitubirtsiD si sdoog fo tnemevom eht .rehtona ot etis eno morf
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 92
oitubirtsiD slennahC n eht no tnedneped era smetsys noitubirtsiD epyt eht dna tcudorp fo eht fo ezis
ynapmoc . :ni tnemeganam ot eud etsaw ssel ecudorp slennahc noitubirtsid evitceffE
- ruobal - gnildnah - ecaps egarots - emit
:slennahc noitubirtsid fo selpmaxE * raF rem → )tekram s’remraf .g.e( remusnoc * rerutcafunaM → reliater → )remusnoc ot dlos seloC ot dlos stiucsib .g.e( remusnoc
rerutcafunaM* → aselohw rel → reliater → af .g.e( remusnoc ot taehw slles srem .muiratinaS syub seloC teeW - dna muiratinaS morf xiB i slles remusnoc ot t )
smetsys noitubirtsiD :eb dluoc metsys noitubirtsid lacipyt A
)1 derots dna detropsnart slairetam waR )2 eeL araS .g.e rerutcafunam yb degakcap dna dessecorp dooF )3 morf tcudorp klub seviecer esuoheraW .g.e esuoheraw ot dereviled tcudorP
rutcafunam .sreliater ot setubirtsid dna stinu rellams otni ti sedivid ,re
lairetaM gnigakcaP fo tsoc eht fo sisylana ”evarG ot eldarC“
* ygrenE fo gnilcycer ot slairetam war morf ,noitcudorp doof fo segats LLA ta desu si
slairetam gnigakcap
waR
slairetamderiuqca
slairetaMderutcafunam
tcudorP
derutcafunam
esu tcudorP
ronoitpmusnoc
,llifdnaL ,gnilcycer
noitarenicni.cte
etsaw etsaw etsaw etsaw
gnilcyceR tcudorP
esueR
YGRENE
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 03
E latnemnorivn gnigakcap snoitaredisnoC ngiseD
gnirutcafunam doof fo tcapmIseigolonhcet
doof fo stcapmI gnirutcafunam
seuqinhcet
laicoS )2 )1latnemnorivnE
lanoitirtuN )3
etairporppA )4 fo esu
ygolonhcet
noitcudorPseuqinhcet
etsaWtnemeganam
gnigakcaPsecitcarp
latnemnorivnE ngised gnigakcap
snoitaredisnoc
noitisopmoC gnigakcaP tekram fo ezis elbaborPtcudorp degakcap rof
segnahc ngiseD
ro lairetam enO ?etisopmoc erA
gnillebal rof skniretaw ro tnevlos -
?desab
tahW tceffa am lliw tekr?rettil no evah ezis
dengised neeb noitubirtsid eht saH tnuocca otni ekat ot esu ygrene
noitatropsnart gnirud ?
ynapmoc lanoitanitlum a sa sdlanoDcM .g.E gnigakcap tahw fo erawa yrev eb ot sdeen
’n‘ hsif lacol a ot derapmoc sesu ti slairetams spihc poh
I .g.E yvaeh gnitubirtsid f snac leets sa hcus gnigakcap stsoc ygrene ,ria yb saesrevo
eb dluow tI .hgih eb lliwpihs ot repaehc .pihs yb
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 13
gnigakcap ,tnemeganam etsaw .g.e seussi latnemnorivnEseuqinhcet noitcudorp ,secitcarp
seussI latnemnorivnE
:saera 3 rednu depuorG seuqinhcet noitcudorP )1
tnemeganam etsaW )2 secitcarp gnigakcaP )3
)1 seuqinhceT noitcudorP
.erutcafunam doof fo segats lla gnirud desu si ygrenE niam ehT ecruos ygrene semoc morf non - secruoser elbawener ,stsoc ygrene ecuder oT .lio dna laoc sa hcusunam srerutcaf .seuqinhcet noitcudorp dna tropsnart tneiciffe erom poleved ot deen
OC ssel sesaeler scitsalp fo noitcudorp ,elpmaxe roF 2 .ssalg naht erehpsomta eht otni
.elbalcycer osla era scitsalP
:edulcni smelborp eseht ot snoituloS - gnisuer airetam etsaw noitagirri rof retaw .g.e sl - gnilcycer gnigakcap draobdrac delcycer .g.e - segakcap depahs yltneiciffe erom ,rethgil
fo mrof eht ni semoc noitulloP : retaw dna dnal ,ria ,esion . srerutcafunaM evah depoleved smargorp gnilcycer dna seigetarts noitcuder cni gnidul :
- gnilcycer dna gnisuer retaw - gnisuer tneulffe - thgiew dna esu gnisiminim gnigakcap fo - s’CFC gnitanimile ni snobracordyh htiw gnicalper dna )snobracoroulforolhc( gnigakcap - sa s’CFC gnitanimile stnaregirfer
- fo noitcuder lacimehc sedicitsep sedicibreh dna - htiw sexob maoforytS decalper evah sdlanoDcM sa hcus seinapmoc repap .
)2 tnemeganaM etsaW gnilcyceR saera nabru ni llifdnal ecuder ot laitnesse si gnigakcap fo :
- delcycer si gnigakcap repap fo %07 - delcycer ro derevocer si ssalg fo %14 -6 fo %5 muinimula delcycer si
dna gnicnef ,gnikced rof setutitsbus rebmit otni detrevnoc si etsaw citsalp dexiMerutinruf . 03 stneserper etsaw dlohesuoH - eno ,siht fO .etsaw lla fo %53 - si driht
.gnigakcap
noitasiminim lairetaM ot ygetarts a si gakcap ecuder htgnerts niatniam tub thgiew gni yolpme srerutcafunam emoS seinapmoc tnemeganam etsaw
fo esU gnigakcap elbadargedoib citnalP .g.e sremylopoib ro serbif doow morf edam ,
ALP
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 23
secitcarp gnigakcaP )3
secitcarp evitisoP tnemnorivne no tceffE utcafunam ssalG ser elcycer wen rof ssalg
tcudorp desu slairetam war sseL
llifdnal decudeR elbalaeseR sgab citsalp stcudorp parwer ot dedeen citsalp sseL citsalp thgiewthgiL .g.e ssalg ecalper ot
rettub tunaep elbalcycer si citsalP
era setanimal kaparteT elbalcycer - ac dna muinimula ,depluper si draobdr
sreilppus ot denruter era enelyhteylop
llifdnal ssel ;desu secruoser sseL
”NiboiB“ ni desu lessev gnitisopmoCstnaruatser sdlanoDcM
rehtar tsopmoc lufesu semoceb etsaWllifdnal naht
stsep dna nimrev slortnoC rp evitageN secitca tnemnorivne no tceffE
ot eunitnoc srerutcafunam dooF revoegakcap
↑ llifdnal deriuqer slairetam war eroM
erP - .g.e sdoof degakcap erp - degakcap selbategev
esu ton yam remusnoc sa ,egatsaw dooFffo seog ti erofeb lla
gnigakcaP egral oot .e doof rof otatop .gspihc
dedeen era slairetam war eroM ↑ llifdnal
tnemyolpme ,segnahc elytsefil .g.e ,snoitacilpmi laicoS
seitinutroppo
segnahc elytsefiL evah sdoof dna gnigakcap ecneineivnoC ↑ emit erusiel snailartsuA rof il gnimoceb era slliks noitaraperp dooF ot eud detim emit fo kcal ecneineivnoc os ,
ralupop gnimoceb era sdoof tius ot stcudorp dooF gnignahc sdeen ylimaf ( slaem evaworcim ,evres elgnis .g.e ) ↑ sah htlaeh fo ssenerawa ↑ sdoof detatneiro htlaeh ( wol ,erbif hgih ,tlas wol .g.e
taf ) sub rof stcudorP stik yrf rits ,sekahs ,srab tsafkaerb .g.e selytsefil y ↑ sdoof larutlucitlum seiticinhte rehto ot eud htuoS .g.e - elddiM ,naisA tsaE
nretsaE na ot del sah hcraeser cifitneicS ↑ ni O scinagr sffutsdoof ( cinagrO seloC .g.e
selbategev ) noituaC gnitpecca ni MG sdoof h ot del sa gninrecnoc swal gnillebal sdoof
G gniniatnoc M .hcus sa dellebal eb ot
seitinutroppO tnemyolpmE dna seuqinhcet gnirutcafunam ,ngised gnigakcap ni stnemevorpmI ↑ dessecorp
seitinutroppo tnemyolpme ot del sah sdoof htiw srerutcafunaM llams elacs tnemyolpme erom reffo ot dnet noitcudorp fo level
noitasinahcem fo tsoc hgih ot eud
ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM
nihC eeL treboR 33
:edulcni seitinutroppo tnemyolpme rehtO tnempoleved tcudorP , ngised gnigakcap ,hcraeser slairetam , gnitekram , tnemeganam etsaw , selas & gnissecorp doof
lanoitirtuN snoitacilpmi
htlaeh dna stsilanoitiutni ,spuorg yrosivda ,sremusnoc morf erusserp denibmoC ot del sah seitirohtua seicilop noitirtun etaroproc .
,elpmaxe roF tes sah muiratinaS skramhcneb tneirtun stcudorp ’tlas wol‘ sa hcus
tairporppA ygolonhcet fo esu e
* evah taht seuqinhcet gnirutcafunam dna ngised gnigakcap ni stnempoleveD decuder
llifdnal *↑ retlif fo esu s ecuder ot noitullop esion dna ria * ot stnalp gnirutcafunam ni smetsys noitagirri fo esU retaw esuer snedrag ,stnalp rofe ct . * ygrene sseL ssenevitceffe tsoc gnivorpmi suht ,gninnac citpesa ni desu * fo tnempoleveD stcudorp wen noitatimi .g.e ylppus trohs ni esoht etutitsbus ot
rehto ot dedda sdica yttaf 3 agemo .g.e sdoof fo eliforp lanoitirtun evorpmi dna allinavsdoof hcus seniragram sa
* fo esu ecuder ot gnimraf cinagrO sresilitref dna noitadarged lios
ygolonhcet fo esu etairporppA serusne tcapmi laminim ,tnemnorivne eht no ytilibaniatsus fo egnar ediw a dna srerutcafunam doof rof eciohc dna yteirav sremusnoc rof
ehT snoitacilpmi lanoitirtun ot eud era seigolonhcet gnirutcafunam doof fo ↑ ot srerutcafunam del sah sihT .sdoof dessecorp ylhgih fo stceffe htlaeh fo ssenerawa
retteb evah taht sdoof poleved seliforp lanoitirtun .
eht x2!erbif muiclaC
dehcirne
tlaSdecuder
%99 eerf taf !
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