Module 2- Food Manufacture

ygolonhceT dooF CSH yrammuS - 2 eludoM

nihC eeL treboR 1

:2 eludoM erutcafunam dooF

:tuoba nrael stnedutS rof slairetam war fo noitceles eht ni lortnoc ytitnauq dna ytilauQ

gnissecorp doof

gnissecorP dna noitcudorP

slairetam war fo lortnoc ytilauQ

egral pu ekam lairetam waR os ,stsoc fo % snoitacificeps diova ot decrofne eranoitanimatnoc

waRslairetam

)1 stneidergnI )2 slairetaM ni desu

gnirutcafunam

F )3 doosevitiddA

)4 gnigakcaP

:selpmaxE ,ragus ,ruolF

selppa

:selpmaxE maets

:selpmaxE ,sreifislumE

ruovalfsrecnahne

:selpmaxE ,snac lateMselttob citsalp

afunam dooF gnirutc fo noisrevnoc eht si slairetam war aiv tcudorp dehsinif a otnisessecorp lacimehc & lacisyhp

A lairetam waR fo erutcafunam eht ni desu tcudorp YNA si doof dessecorp rehtona


nihC eeL treboR 2

airetirC noitacificeps lairetam waR

:serutaef lairetam war fo noitpircseD )1

- )ezis ,epahs( lacisyhP - amora ,ruoloc( yrosneS ruovalf ,erutxet , ) - ,% erutsiom( lacimehC ,% tneirtun Hp ,) - timil lacigoloiborcim

)3 dedeen erutaef cificeps hcae tseT

:stluser no desab nekat noitcA )4 - tpecca - gnillortnoc fo dohtem tratS .tcejer melborp

lairetam war rof dohtem gnilpmaS )2


nihC eeL treboR 3

acificeps lairetam war a fo elpmaxE rof noit atef dalas atsap a ni eseehc :

aR fo noitpircseD serutaeF lairetam w lairetam waR eseehc ateF

scitsiretcarahc lacisyhP :epahs & eziS dluohS .sebuc mm51 neve otni decils eb oTeseehc ni seloh emos evah

yrosneS :ruoloC ruoloc etihw elap :erutxeT ,tsiom tub mrif C .yhsum ton erutxet ymaer :ruovalF ytlas - cidica ylthgils ,yruovas

:amorA llems ’ffo‘ oN .llems ruos thgils ,ytlas etisopmoc lacimehC :tnetnoc taF muminim %02

:tnetnoc erutsioM muminim %06 :Hp 4 neewteb - 5 ylbareferp ,6

daol laiborciM msinagroorciM

leveL

allenomlaS airetsiL

succocotpertS loc E i tsaeY dluoM

elpmas g 52 rep eerF elpmas g 52 rep eerF

elpmas g1 rep g1.0 “ “ “ 50.0 “ “ “ 001 “ “ “ 001

dohtem gnilpmaS scitsiretcarahc lacisyhP :epahs & eziS gnisu elpmas ebuc 05 rep ebuc eno tseT

ye dna relur thgise yrosneS :ruoloC thgiseye yb tset

:amorA ,ruovalF ,erutxeT deniart eerht fo puorg a esusretset etsat sa slanoisseforp

noitisopmoc lacimehC :tnetnoc taF )RNM( ecnanoser raelcun citengam esUelpmas ebuc 05 rep ebuc tset ot resylana

:tnetnoc erutsioM gnirusaem etarucca dna noitaropave esU.elpmas ebuc 05 rep ebuc eno fo thgiew fo

:Hp ebuc 05 rep ebuc enO .rotacidni lasrevinu gnisu tset.elpmas

daol laiborciM .yrotarobal ni gnilpmas rof sebuc 05 rep ebuc eno ekaT detset eb tsum ebuc hcaE yllaudividni hcae rof

.msinagroorcim dehcaerb era snoitacificeps fi nekat eb ot noitcA

tcejeR a redrO .lairetam war hctab wen si relppus elbailer erom a ,evitcefed si hctab wen fI .dedeen


nihC eeL treboR 4

ssecorp gnirutcafunam eht ni sevitidda doof fo eloR

i nac yehT laiceps tif dna serutaef yrosnes ,efil flehs dna ytilibats doof evorpm

.sdeen yrateid

evitiddA noitcnuF ni evitidda fo elpmaxEtcudorp

ruovalF ni tsol amora dna ruovalf erotseRgnissecorp

seillol ;ruovalf tiurF

ruovalFrecnahne

ruovalf evorpmI ruovalF tnatsni ;tehcasseldoon

ruoloc ruoloc evorpmi/erotseR dratsuC ;ruoloc kloy ggEredwop

larenim/nimatiV stneirtun tsol ecalpeR klim yoS ;muiclaC tlas lareniM leef htuom/erutxet evorpmI ;erutxet mriF dennac

snaeb tnadixoitnA flehs gnolorP - itneverp yb efil gn

noitadixo laicremmoC esiannoyam

tnatcemuH doof gnippots ,erutsiom brosbAtuo gniyrd

sdoog dekab laicremmoC

reifislumE retaw suonegomoh tnenamrep wollAserutxim lio +

esiannoyam laicremmoC

evitavreserP orcim fo htworg tibihnI - smsinagro icremmoc ,nocaB dekab lasdoog

dica dooF etsat prahs gnivig ,ytidica niatniaM eciuj nomel delttoB renekcihT rekciht doof ekam laicremmoc ;hcratS

esiannoyam laicifitrA

reneteews wol ot etsat teews eviG - sdoof eluoj raguS - mug gniwehc eerf

smug elbategeV t dna ycnetsisnoC erutxe gnisserd dalas ;mug rauG gnihcaelB

stnega sdoof netihW ruolf etihW

sevitidda dooF n ton sdoof ot dedda secnatsbus era no demusnoc yllamronwo rieht


nihC eeL treboR 5

noitcudorp fo sepyt tnereffid ni desu tnempiuqe fo scitsiretcarahCnoitceles rieht gnicneulfni srotcaf eht dna

desU ssecorP P esopru elpmaxE noitarapeS - noitartlif hguorht diuqil gnissaP

sdilos evomer ot hsem detnemref morf eniW

separg noitarapeS -

noitatnemides etarapes ot ytivarg fo esU

sdiuqil morf sdilos ni sdruc morf yehW

eseehc - gnikam noitarapeS - egufirtnec o sdilos etarapeS tnereffid f

sezis morf plup enac gnitarapeS

eciuj gnilliM dna gnidnirG :ezis elcitrap gnicudeR

- eldnah ot reisae ti ekam -↓ lairetam war fo ezis - tcudorp wen

rof stunaep gnidnirGrettub tunaep

ot sniarg taehw gnilliM

ruolf ekam gnixiM tneidergni serusnE era s

ylneve detubirtsid laicremmoc no dratsuc

elacs

slairetam war dilos + diuqiL

noitarapes

gnigakcap

noitaropave noitardyhed

gnixim gnidnirg

tropsnart

gnitaeH gnilooC gnizeerf

snoitarepO tinU eht erA noitcudorp gnirud seogrednu doof sessecorp cificeps slairetam war fo gnildnaH .

.desu noitarepo tsrif eht si


nihC eeL treboR 6

snoitarepO tinU inaelC gn

era erehT .gnissecorp rehtruf rof noitaraperp ni gninaelc ogrednu slairetam war tsoM:seuqinhcet fo rebmun a

eht fo ecafrus eht morf trid sa hcus setalucitrap setarapes :gniveis/gnineercS

lairetam reivaeh morf selcitrap thgil fo noitarapes :noitaripsA fo tsalb gnisu selcitrap

ecir morf ffahc gnivomer .g.e ria sevomer erusserp hgih rednu slairetam otno retaw gniyarps :gnihsaw yarpS

trid .g.e sirbed detnawnu morf sklats .g.e ycnayoub retaerg htiw slairetam sevomer :gnihsaw noitatolF

saep

gnitroS

i si tI tnetsisnoc a ,erofereht dna ytimrofinu erusne ot slairetam war tros ot tnatropm:swollof sa slairetam war tros srerutcafunaM .tcudorp dehsinif eht ni ytilauq

eht kooc dna tuohguorht ylneve etartenep nac taeh taht os tnatropmi si :eziS

semyzne yortsed/doof detcejer era sdoof dezisrednu ro dezisrevo ; ;epir nehw der thgirb era seotamot .g.e ssenepir fo eerged eht setacidni :ruoloC

lairetam war eht fo noitcejer ni stluser egamad/esaesid ot eud noitaruolocsid ;thgiew ot gnidrocca degakcap era sdoof ynam :thgieW eht erehw sesac nI

era stcudorp thgiewrevo ro rednu ,tcudorp ytilauq a ot lacitirc si thgiew.detcejer

tnempiuqe gnilooC ,smsinagroorcim nwod wolSegaliops dna semyzne

D taem sa hcus sdoog ileeseehc dna

stcudorp yriaD tnempiuqE gnizeerF tneverp ,efil flehs gnolorP

sdoof cificeps ,egaliops aerc ecI m

panS - selbategev nezorf

,seirtsap nezorF

sekaceseehc

taeM

slaem VT noitaropavE tnetnoc dilos etartnecnoC etsap otamot ,eciuj tiurF noitardyhed ot tnetnoc erutsiom rewoL

smsinagroorcim ecuder klim ,eeffoc deird yarpS

redwop


nihC eeL treboR 7

gnidarG fo epyt eht no tnedneped si ytilauq sihT .sdoof fo ytilauq eht fo erusaem a si gnidarG

f tnaw dluow uoy selppa suoiciled nedlog rof .g.e doof nedlog ,etsat psirc ,ssenmri:hguorht ytilauq erusaem srerutcafunaM .ruoloc )wolley ton( neerg

stnemerusaem evitatilauq mrofrep lennosrep deniart :tnemssessa evitcejbus

seotamot edarg srekrow ssecorp .g.e q mrofrep ot tnempiuqe gnisu :tnemssessa evitcejbo stnemerusaem evitatitnau

ssenpsirc ,ytisocsiv .g.e

gnicudeR emas eht morf edam eb ot stcudorp doof tnereffid fo egnar a selbane noitcuder eziS

.seotatop ybab dennac dna spihc otatop ,otatop hsam tnatsni .g.e tneidergni cisabt desu seuqinhcet fo selpmaxE :edulcni doof ecuder o

gnihsurc ruolf .g.e gnidnirg sraep dennit .g.e gnicils nac a ni seotamot decid .g.e gnicid nroc demaerc .g.e gniplup walseloc rof egabbac .g.e gnidderhs

gnixiM

o yteirav A .erutxim suonegomoh a mrof ot slairetam war senibmoc gnixiM f:desu si yrenihcam

sdiuqil rof rexim relleporp sredwop rof rexim relbmut sdoof deird rof rednelb nobbir daerb .g.e hguod rof rexim edalb ”Z‘ klim sa hcus snoislume rof rexim esinegomoh erusserP esiannoyam sa hcus snoislume suocsiv rof erutxim diolloC

gnitarapeS no gnidneped ,syaw lareves hguorht deveihca eb nac sdilos dna sdiuqil fo noitarapeS

:tcudorp eht eht dellac diuqil eht secudorp retlif a hguorht erutxim eht gnissap :noitartliF

rud desu ylnommoc si sihT .eudiser eht dellac dlos eht dna etartlif eht gni.noitcudorp eseehc ni sdruc morf yehw fo noitarapes

ot sdilos ecrof ot lessev lacirdnilyc a fo noitom gninnips a sesu :gnigufirtneC morf purys ragus fo noitarapes .g.e lessev gninnips eht fo sllaw eht ni tisoped

sdilos s eht gniwolla :noitatnemideS noitrop diuqil eht ;mottob eht ot elttes ot sdilo

eniw .g.e ffo detnaced eb neht nac - gnikam


nihC eeL treboR 8

gnihcnalB neht ,doirep trohs a rof retaw gniliob ni doof gnisremmi sevlovni gnihcnalBmyzne etavitcani ot desu ylnommoc tsom si sihT .retaw dloc gnisu gnihserfer ni se

fo sepyt eerhT .tcudorp eht fo ytilauq eht gniniatniam tslihw ,selbategev dna stiurf:desu era gnihcnalb

gnihcnalb retaW gnihcnalb maetS gnihcnalb evaworciM

P smetsys noitcudor llams .g.e ,doof fo erutcafunam eht ni desu

,elacs egral ,elacs desiretupmoc ,detamotua ,launam

:no sdneped desu metsys ehT - erutan tcudorp fo - noitcudorp fo elacs deriuqer tnuoma .e.i - scimonoce $$ erom sekam hcihw .e.i

- ecnatpecca remusnoc elpoep fo daetsni senihcam rodnev fo esu .g.e

smetsyS noitcudorP w eht era era sessecorp noitcudorp doof ya deilppa dna desinagro


nihC eeL treboR 9

elacs egraL :

desU rof snoitarepo regral a no desab enil noitcudorp slairetam war erehw hguorht og.snoitarepo tinu lla gnicudorp fo elbapaC stnuoma egral ni a emit trohs doirep

elacs llamS : citsemoD )dlohesuoh eb yam( level , xelpmoc ssel noitarepo ni

noitcudorp launaM : sevlovnI gniretla yllacisyhp doof fo level niatrec a niatniam ot enod yllausu si tI .

si yrenihcam deriuqer eht esuaceb ro yrenihcam gnisu deniatta eb tonnac taht ytilauq,elpmaxe roF .yltsoc oot senetaciled rieht fo esuaceb dnah yb dellif eb yam sesac eip .s

noitamotuA :

ssecorp dna eldnah senihcaM ot slairetam war eht ecudorp tcudorp dehsinif . yehT evah snoitidnoc tes erutarepmet ,ytidimuh .g.e noitcudorp ni .

:noitasiretupmoC deveihca si noitasiretupmoc ,noitamotua nI srosnes gnisu . xelpmoc selbane sihT

elacs egral no demrofrep eb ot snoitarepo . era stifeneB ruobal decuder , tnetsisnocslevel noitcudorp dna ytilauq dna egatsaw ssel fo noitcudorp edulcni selpmaxE . tfos

.aloC acoC sa hcus sknird

noitcudorPsmetsys

llams )1 - elacs

launam )2

egral )3 -elacs

noitamotua )4

)5C pmo desiretu


nihC eeL treboR 01

smargaiD wolF u era smargaid wolF tneserper ot des udorp doof ssecorp noitc se :serutaeF .

- slobmys cisab 5 - SHR no noitanalpxe htiw nwod yllacitrev nettirW - yb denioJ senil

trahc wolf ssecorp noitcudorP

noitarepO :si lairetam war a erehw si sihT

-C degnah yaw emos ni - delbmessid/delbmessA lairetam rehtona morf - deraperP noitarepo rehtona rof

noitcepsnI ,denimaxe ,delpmas ,dekcehc si lairetaM

o derusaem a htiw derapmoc r dradnats

noitatropsnarT

egarotS

yaleD pets txen wolla ton od snoitidnoc nehW

ecalp ekat ot

slobmys denibmoC .g.e emit emas eht ta rucco seitivitca owt nehW

eruarepmet gnirusaem ,gnitaeh


nihC eeL treboR 11

E fo elpmax dorp dalas degakcap a rof trahc wolf ssecorp noitcu :

)1 ot detropsnart era selbategeVgnissecorp hserF dalaS

seitilicaf

)2 .detcepsni era selbategeVdevomer stcesni dna triD

)3 detcepsni era selbategeV hsaw gnisitinas A .niaga

r .airetcab lufmrah sevome

)9 derots si tcudorPdetaregirfer

)5 ta deraperp era selbategeV4 enil noitcudorp dna C˚

denaelc ylhguoroht

)6 era selbategev dalaS ni degakcap evitca ro PAM

.gnigakcap

)7 dexob si dalas dexiM

)8 era sexim sdalas dexoBni tpek ta moor looc a 1 C˚

)4 sekat tsigolonhcet doof A selbategev eht fo selpmas

gnisitinas srotinom dna hsaw

)01 detropsnart era selbategeVreliater eht ot


nihC eeL treboR 21

ot secitcarp lairtsudni snoitaredisnoc tnemeganam ytilauQ ;PCCAH .g.e ,noitpmusnoc cilbup rof sdoof efas eveihca

eneigyh dna ytefas ,htlaeh lanoitapucco :srevoc tI

- tnempoleved tcudorp - noitcudorp - res dna gnitekram gniciv .S&HO dna PCCAH edulcni seuqinhcet tnemeganam ytilauQ oc eht si ecnarussa ytilauQ - lortnoc ytilauq eveihca ot noitasinagro na fo noitarepo

stcudorp lla fo :ecnarussa ytilauq erusne taht serudecorp tnemeganam ytilauQ

- noitacificeps tcudorp lanif e fo level ytilauq detcepx - dohtem ytilauq gnissessa dna gnirusaem rof - saera gnissecorp rof snoitacificeps aera krow naelc .g.e devlovni - gnilpmas dna gnitset fo tcudorp lanif

stniop lortnoc lacitirc dna sisylana drazaH evitceffe tsom eht fo enO fo snaem PCCAH ,ytefas doof gnirusne ot smia dna lortnoc

etanimile sdrazah doof

tnemeganaM )lortnoc( ytilauQ eht si sdradnats niatrec teem ot ytiliba niLLA cudorp ytilauq a ecudorp ot redro ni gnissecorp doof fo stcepsa t .

)1 ssessA sdrazah ytefas doof

)2 yfitnedI tirc )PCC( stniop lortnoc laci

)6 etaruccA sdrocer on erusne ot morf snoitaived sdradnats PCC

)3 teS sdradnats PCC rof

)4 rotinoM PCC

)5 snoitcA dehcaerb si PCC fi nekat

)7 tnemssessA metsys PCCAH fo


nihC eeL treboR 31

ecorp PCCAH fo elpmaxE :xim dalas rof serud

spetS noitcudorP drazaHsisylanA

lacitirC lortnoC

stnioP

serusaeM lortnoC stimil lacitirC gnirotinoMserudecorP

rroC evitcenoitcA

tnemucoDserudecorP

1 gnidaolnu 2 noitcepsni

3 sirbed fo lavomer )5( lacigoloiB PCC yb yllaunam evomeRthgis

eb dluohs stcesni/lios oNtneserp

noitcepsni lausiV tcejer stluser tseT

4 noitcepsni 5 cirtic( hsaw gnisitinas

dna dica muidos )etirolhcopyh

)5( lacigoloiB )5( lacimehC

PCC gnisitinas htiw hsaWhsaw

dna level negohtap oreZ devomer si hsaw gnisitinas

dloc htiw gnihsaw ybretaw

,daol laiborciM eudiser rof gnitset

hsaw gnisitinas fo

tcejer stluser tseT

6 nekat selpmas 7 deraperp selbategev )5( lacigoloiB PCC 4 ta .pmet niatniaM .C˚

enil noitcudorp naelCstcudorp neewteb

deecxe ton dluohs pmeT4 senil noitcudorP .C˚

w/b denaelc ylhguoroht stcudorp

erutarepmet tcejer stluser tseT

8 gnigakcap )3( lacigoloiB PCC esU dellortnoc/deifidom

gnigakcap erehpsomta

igakcaP dluohs .pmet gn4 deecxe ton .C˚

erutarepmet tcejeR stluser tseT

9 gnixob 01 moor looc ot nekat 11 egarots )4( lacigoloiB PCC 1 ta .pmet peeK C˚ 1 ta tpek pmeT C˚ erutarepmet tcejer stluser tseT 21 reliater ot tropsnart snart detaregirfeR trop

1 ta C˚ nihtiw reliater hcaer tsuM

sruoh 63 erutarepmet tcejer stluser tseT


nihC eeL treboR 41

sreyolpmE :ot deriuqer era - tuoba niart/tcurtsni seussi ytefas - llew ,efas edivorp - tneiciffe ,deniatniam tnempiuqe - efas a edivorp tnemnorivne ( if ,noitalitnev .g.e no ,dia tsr - eht - gniniart boj )

seeyolpmE :ot deriuqer era - fo erac ekat ytefas dna htlaeh srehto fo - tcerroc raew gnihtolc evitcetorp - sa tnempiuqe esu detcurtsni - edivorP stnedicca fo noitacifiton

pecca ,ytefas .g.e ,sdoof gnivreserp rof snosaeR evitirtun ,ytilibatytilibaiv cimonoce dna ytilibaliava ,eulav

rof snosaeRnoitavreserP

)1 peek doof efas

tae ot

)2 doof niatniaM na ni elbatpeccaetats eht rof

ecneh ,remusnocetsaw gnitneverp

)3 niateRnoitirtun )5 ↑ cimonoce

ytilibaiv yb↓ lanosaes

snoitautculf

)4 ekaM elbahsirep

sdoof elbaliavadnuor raey lla

S&HO fo erawa eb ot ecalpkrow eht ni srekrow LLA fo ytilibisnopser eht sistnedicca laitnetop .S&HO ot detaler

noitavreserP i ot doof fo gnissecorp eht s snoitidnoc egaliops doof etanimile


nihC eeL treboR 51

:egaliops dna noitaroireted doof fo sesuaC - )retaw dna thgil ,negyxo ,noitatsefni( srotcaf latnemnorivne - noitca citamyzne - ,dluom( noitanimatnoc laiborcim )airetcab dna tsaey

sa hcus ,seuqinhcet noitavreserp doof dniheb selpicnirP

erutsiom fo noitcirtser dna lortnoc erutarepmet

fo sesuaC doof dna noitaroireted

egaliops

)1 semyzne )2 latnemnorivnesrotcaf

)3 seborcim

:yb noitatsefnI cesni ,stnedor st

:snoitcaer lacisyhP ,gninrub ,gnizeerf ,erusserP

tnemevom

:egamad lacimehC thgiL negyxO

retaw

sdluoM stsaeY airetcab sesuriV

dooF egaliopS

srotcaF

MOT TAC

fo noitiddAC slacimeh

M erutsio retaw()ytivitca

A Hp( ytidic)level

O negyxlevel

T erutarepme T emi

noitavreserp doof fo selpicnirP srotcaf egaliops doof gnillortnoc ot srefer


nihC eeL treboR 61

dooF egaliopS

rotcaF

elpicnirp noitavreserP noitavreserPdohtem

elpmaxE dooF

:seborciM - airetcab - dluoM - suriV - tsaeY

erutarepmeT cificeps deen seborciM

ot segnar erutarepmet.ylpitlum

THU ,gninnaC

gnol kcap arteT - klim efil

noitasiruetsaP

stcudorp klim yriad

noitasiliretS snaeb dekab dennaC gnillihC yriaD stcudorp

gnizeerF maerc eci ,selbategev nezorF erutsioM

senimreted level erutsioMylpitlum nac eborcim rehtehw

gnikomS nomlas dekomS gniyrd ezeerF C eeffo slaem gnipmac ,

gniyrD tiurf deirD gnitlaS ,ykrej feeB

level ragus hgiH ot ,edalamraM lemarac ,eeff level Hp

ton lliw seborcim tsoM2.4 fo Hp a woleb ylpitlum

A dica gnidd

selbategev delkciP rageniv ni

F yb noitatnemreb airetca

tuarkreuas ,trugoY

level negyxO ciborea deen seborcim tsoM

snoitidnoc

gnigakcap muucav nodu ,staem nagrO neikkoh &atsap hserf ,seldoon

riA gnidulcxE stneverp snoitidnoc eliretS seborcim yb noitanimatnoc

S gnissecorp eliretgnigakcap/snoitidnoc

noitasilirets sevlovni gninnaCmaets yb

lacimehCsnoitcaer

egarots dna gnildnaH secitcarp larutlucirgA

h tcerroC .g.e gnildna egarots & gnihsaw doof fo ksir secuder

ffo gniog

dna stiurf etaciled ynaM ,tiurf enots .g.e selbategevinihccuz ,srebmucuc ,sraep

esitcarp larutlucirgA lacimehc ecuder taht

seudiser

hserf fo gnimraf cinagrOecudorp

citamyznEytivitca

egyxO level n erutarepmeT

O gnirewoL 2 slevel erutarepmet dna

sdrater eborcimhtworg

sa hcus sdoof dekoocnu erotS ni taem dna selbategev ,stiurf

gnilc htiw derevoc ,egdirfparw

level Hp

rageniv sa hcus sdicasemyzne etavitcani

rageniv ni gnilkciP

gnildnaH

C gnildnah tcerro ot erusopxe secuder

eussit lanretni

morf ecudorp hserf gnitneverPegamad lacisyhp

erutarepmeT serutarepmet hgiHsemyzne yortsed

semugel gnikooc ylhguorohT esuac taht semyzne syortsed

ecnelutalf


nihC eeL treboR 71

nac gnidulcni ,sessecorp noitavreserP ,gnisiruetsap ,gniyrd ,gnin

gnitnemref dna gnizeerf

emiT )hcus sa ssecorp noitavreserp ton(

eht morf devomer eb dluohs dooF enoz regnad 05( - 06 ˚ yb rehtiw sruoh owt nihtiw )C.gnilooc ro gnitaeh

erutarepmeT

erutarepmet gnirewoL

:gnillihC L epmet gnirewo ot erutar 0- 51 ˚C semyzne dna htworg eborcim nwod swols

:gnizeerF T erutarepme - ot 51 - 03 ˚C gnizeerf kciuQ . ytilauq sniater

erutarepmeT gnisiaR :gninnaC

gninnac citpesA nicalp erofeb doof gnitaeh sevlovni .delaes dna nac dezilirets ni g ninnac lanoitnevnoC g gnikooc dna gnilaes ,nit ni doof gnicalp sevlovni .

noitasiruetsaP :

kliM 51 rof )C°07( sepip latem detaeh hguorht dessap si - sdnoces 02

THU - artlu( - )tnemtaert taeh : ot gnitaeH 531 ˚ 1 rof C - sdnoces 2 k ti , hcum oot tuohtiw seborcim lla tsomla sllisimorpmoc ytilauq ot e .deneponu fi egarots yrd rof elbatius era stcudorp THU .

erutarepmet gnirewoL : - gnillihC - gnizeerf

vreserP noita sessecorP

:erutarepmeT gnisiaR - gninnaC - noitasiruetsaP - THU - gnihcnalB

:sdohtem lacigoloiB - noitatnemref

:sdohteM lacimehC - sevitidda - gnikoms - gnitlas & gniruc

:retaw gnicudeR - gniyrd yarps - noitardyhed muucav - retaw fo gnidnib - niyrd ezeerF g


nihC eeL treboR 81

:gnihcnalB I ni gnisremm sdoirep trohs rof retaw gniliob

lacigoloiB noitatnemreF :

stsaeY ecudorp dna tsaey eht sllik taht lohocla stibihni .seborcim airetcaB ecudorp ht gnirewol ,sdica Hp e

sdohteM lacimehC

lacimehC A sevitidd : sa hcus slacimehC stlas etirtin ,stnadixoitna ,edixoid ruhplus ,dica ciozneb ,scitoibitna

seborcim tibihni S gnikom : H tae dna itna - stnega lairetcab seborcim yortsed C gnitlas & gniru : -C fo noitanibmo dna setartin tlas .retaw htiw sdnib tlaS .

retaw gnicudeR )htworg rof retaw eriuqer seborcim( S gniyrd yarp : P ot deird dna stelpord ynit ni deyarps si tcudor .g.e redwop .klim deredwop V noitardyhed muuca : W devomer si reta muucav a ni taeh yb urf edulcni stcudorp dooF . dna selbategev ,sti

staem B retaw fo gnidni : A ekil slairetam elbulos gnidd & tlas ragus seborcim morf retaw tuo sward

gniyrd ezeerF : si dooF tsrif yldipar nezorf U . evael ot demilbus si eci ,taeh dna muucav gnis

.tcudorp detardyhed ev ,stiurf edulcni sdooF staem dna selbateg

noitavreserPdohteM

selpmaxE dooF siht seod yhW?krow dohtem

lanoitiddAnoitamrofnI

gnizeerF - taeM - tiurF - selbategev

- emyzne swolSnoitca

- retaw sekaM rof elbaliavanu

seborcim

- revo sllik gnizeerFseborcim fo %08

- gnihcnalBlbategev erofeb se

syortsed gnizeerfsemyzne

gniyrd nuS - taeM - tiurF - selbategev

- eborcim stibihni hguorht htworg

retaw fo kcal

sniatniam gniyrDytilauq

ragus hgiHnoitartnecnoc

- smaj - stiurf deidnac

- tuo sward ragus morf erutsiom

seborcim

doof sniatniaMytilauq


nihC eeL treboR 91

elbaliava slairetam fo sepyt dna gnigakcap fo snoitcnuF

noitubirtsid dna egarots ,gnigakcaP

gnilttoB - taeM - tiurF - selbategev

- dna seborcim sllik hgih ta gnikooc aiv

a rof taehdoirep degnolorp

- maetS - desilirets

stneverp sreniatnocgniretne seborcim

- emit gnikooC ,Hp no sdneped dna ytisned doof

ezis reniatnoc - gnilooc dipaR

gninnac retfa lacitirc sdiova

1( enoz .pmet -06 ˚C)

gnitlaS - taeM - sgge

- stibihni tlaS yb seborcim

retaw htiw gnidnib - tibihni stlas etirtin

htworg eborcim

- sniatniam gnitlasytilauq

noitatnemreF - lohocla - rageniv - trugoy - eseehc - daerb

strevnoc tsaeY ot setardyhobrac

.lohocla ro dicasnoitidnoc esehT

eborcim tibihnihtworg

lohocla ro dicA spots decudorp

gniworg tsaey

snoitcnuF fognigakcaP

CCIPP

P tcetor P evreser C ecneineivno I mrofn C niatno


nihC eeL treboR 02

gnigakcap fo snoitcnuF )mynorca CCIPP(

doof tcetorP :

F mor ot detaler egamad cisyhp erutsiom dna snoitidnoc egarots ,gnildnah la

doof evreserP : P ,ytidicnar ,seborcim tnever A .egamad thgil ,egaliops erutsiom dna tiurf wollv eripser ot selbatege

sremusnoc mrofnI : ot remusnoc selbane lebaL i yfitned eht dna tcudorp ,lenap lanoitirtun ,dnarb

,ytitnauq ,stneidergni esu ,esu rof snoitcerid - etad yb C ecneinevno :

seldoon era selpmaxE .doof eht taeh/kooc ot lessev a sa desu eb nac gnigakcap emoS -a ni - tnuoma eht ylno esu ot sremusnoc swolla yam gnigakcaP .ediv suos dna puc yeht

ssalg dna citsalp ,elpmaxe roF .emit eno ta tnaw selttob

doof niatnoC : detropsnart dna deldnah eb ot doof swolla gnigakcaP yllacineigyh .ylisae dna dluow tI

ot cineigyhnu eb dluow ti dna dnah yb ruolf sa hcus stcudorp tropsnart ot tluciffid eb yrrac .dnah yb staem

airetaM airetirc ngised gnigakcap dna l CNIPS()mynorca

:tsuM dooF

CNIPS

S eht tiugnigakcap

Pr dna tcetoevreserp

B e C inevno tneesu ot

ylisaEI elbaifitned

N htiw tcaer tognigakcap


nihC eeL treboR 12

gnigakcaP yradnoceS dna yramirP eht si gnigakcap yramirP ni doof eht syub remusnoc eht egakcap .

S gnigakcap yradnoce gnirud desu si orf noitatropsnart ecalptekram ot rerutcafunam m

.parw knirhs .g.e

snaC o era snaC desu ylediw tsom dna tsepaehc eht fo en gnigakcap ailartsuA ni . era erehT

t sepyt niam ow snac latem fo : S leet & A muinimul . rof desu era snac leetS dna sdilosimes - sdilos nac muinimula elihw su era s rof de sdiuqil

c lateM tsisnoc sna nit a htiw edis rehtie no detaoc teehs leets a fo - yolla reyal a neht ,

nit nialp fo . An lemane .roiretni eht srevoc reyal noisorroc stneverp reyal lemane ehT ot eud cidica selkcip ,seotamot .g.e stnetnoc lruc ehT . fo sreyal 5 smrof dne nac eht no

na gnidivorp ,latem thgitria .laes

:nac leets fo sreyaL

segatnavdA segatnavdasiD gnirud egakcap dna laes ,llif ot ysae

noitcudorp derots yltneiciffe ton

dekcats dna deyalpsid ylisae elbisiv ton stnetnoc mi elbakaerbnu yllautriv ;tnatsiser tcap ;

non ;suoivrepmi - suorop fo smrof rehto ot derapmoc ,evisnepxe

gnigakcap elbalcycer ylluF yvaeh dna yklub

gniR - nepo ot tneinevnoc era snac llup llup tuohtiw snaC - denepo eb tonnac sgnirrenepo nac tuohtiw

irets ylisaE cineigyh dna desil ybereht ,mrof yam skcarc llams detned fI yb noitanimatnoc & noisorroc gniksir

seborcim elbaliava sezis fo egnaR ni rednilyc a ot detimil si nac fo epahS

sesac tsom elbaliava ylediW segde prahs evah snac denepO

gnol sedivorP - arots mret eg reniatnoc a sa desuer eb tonnaC detaeh eb tonnaC

niT - yolla niT

leetS

gnitaoc lemanE roiretnI

niT


nihC eeL treboR 22

ssalG ssalG ssalg ,esilirets oT .sraj dna selttob sedulcni gnigakcap toh rehtie era sreniatnoc -

58 ta desiruetsap ro dellif ˚ rof C hgih - sdoof dica .

segatnavdA segatnavdasiD treni yllacimehC batiusnU rof el hserf yklub gnirots

dna stiurf fo sknuhc egral .g.e ecudorpselbategev

elbisiv era stnetnoC elttirB - c ylroop fi pihc ro rettahs nanoitatropsnart gnirud .g.e deldnah

cineigyh dna sselruodO ni .pse drazah htlaeh a si ssalg nekorBllifdnal

aemrepmI non dna elb - suorop derots yltneiciffe ton ssenkciht dna thgiew sti rof gnortS

sezis dna sepahs fo yteiraV gnol sedivorP - egarots mret

desuer dna delcycer eb naC imes dna sdiuqil ,sdilos rof desu eb naC -

sdilos detaeh eb ot elbA

drac dna repaP draob fo eno si repaP gnigakcap fo smrof tsedlo dna tsepaehc eht sdoof yrd rof ylniam desU .

.eciuj dna sklim rof desu eb nac draob detanimal tub

:sepahs dna sezis fo egnar ediW - ( sgab repap .g.e )ruolf ,ragus ,seikooc - ( skcas repap .g.e ruolf & ecir klub ) - ( snotrac dedluom .g.e )snotrac gge - draob - desab ( stcudorp .g.e )stiucsib ,sexim ekac ,slaerec - ( skcirb draobrepap .g.e gnol - )eciuj & klim efil - ( snotrac draobrepap .g.e )sdratsuc & klim hserf - )sexob etalocohc .g.e( snotrac gnidlof - reniatnoc etisopmoc )sretsinac doof kcans ,sreniatnoc oliM .g.e( s - )smeti klub rof gnigakcap yradnoces .g.e( draob detagurroc

selgnirP THU kliM

taehW ruolF

rettuB ekaC

tdniL C etalocoh


nihC eeL treboR 32

segatnavdA segatnavdasiD derots yltneiciffe dna ylisae elbasuer toN - ton fi llifdnal sa pu sdne

fo desopsid ylreporp paehc yrev sae htiw derepmat ro degamad yli

elbadargedoib dna elbalcycer derots fi dluom dna nimrev ot elbitpecsussnoitidnoc pmad ni

gnigakcap rehto htiw denibmoc eb ot elbalatem ,citsalp .g.e slairetam

elbisiv ton tcudorp

elbaliava ylediW ylisae snrub

scitsalP .gnigakcap fo mrof wen ylevitaler a era scitsalP citsalP si paehc a rof desu eb nac dna

ediw yteirav s ,sdilos ,gnidulcni stcudorp doof fo ime - dna doof hserf ,sdiuqil sdilos.sdoof deird

segatnavdA segatnavdasiD

dna sruoloc ,sezis ,sepahs fo egnar ediwof sdoof fo egnar ediw a rof elbaliava smr

dna taeh hgih yb demrofed dna detleMtnrub nehw semuf cixot sesaeler

paehc ylevitaler

elcycer ot yltsoc

gnorts tey thgiewthgil sa pu sdne ,yltcerroc fo desopsid ton fIefildliw ot taerht a gnisop llifdnal

eb nac si tcudorp os tnerapsnart edamelbisiv

edargedoib ton seod

gnilaeppa yllacitehtsea non morf emoc tsom - secruoser elbawener elbasueR

foorpretaw delcycer eb nac sepyt tsoM

cineigyh dna trenI

digiR - gnigakcap citsalP t era erehT lynivylop :sepyt ow eret enelyhteylop dna )CVP( edirolhc ( etalhthp PTEP )

CVP si slaidroc dna slio elbide rof desu PTEP si sknird tfos rof desu

gnigakcap citsalp elbixelF owt era erehT niam :sepyt woL - woL raenil dna )EPDL( enelyhteylop ytisned - ytisned

esu )EPDLL( enelyhteylop rof d parw gnilc ,srenil xob laerec dna ekac .CVP dna )PP( enelyporpyloP :era sepyt desu resseL

enelyporpyloP si rof desu stiucsib ,spihc .g.e sdoof kcans gnipparw elbategev dna taem rof desu CVP

snoitanimaL


nihC eeL treboR 42

gnitanimaL sevlovni gninibmoc owt tam erom ro yb denioj slaire taeh ro sevisehda .gnigakcap citsalp tsoM snoitanimal fo mrof a si .

imulA in sliof mu .muinimula era sliof tsoM u era yehT citsalp ro repap htiw denibmoc yllaus

)detanimal( dna htgnerts dda ot ytidigir . scitsalp gnisillateM gnitaoc evlovni lp citsatI. reirrab evitceffe tey paehc a gnidivorp ,latem fo taoc enif a htiw PAM ni desu si

atop sa hcus gnigakcap t .stekcap psirc o PAM ,gnigakcap evitca .g.e gnigakcap ni stnempoleved tnerruC

gnigakcap

gnigakcaP ni stnempoleved tnerruC knil eb naC ot de ↑ :ni

* stnempoleved lacigolonhcet * eb ot doof rof deen dnuor raey elbaliava * a ot gnidael ,noitasinabru ↓ ni emoh - sdoof nworg * ecneulffa rof deen dna ecneineivnoc * ygrene ,stsoc seussi latnemnorivnE dna fo noitcuder gnigakcap revo * noitalupop gniega idael , rof deen ot gn denepo ylisae gnigakcap * ot gnidael ylefas remusnoc gnigakcap tnedive repmat * noitalsigel stnemeriuqer gnillebaL

snaC leetS - dewolla evah edaced tsap revo depoleved snac yolla renniht htiw snac regnortssllaw . niR g- snac llup retfa noos depoleved

gninnac lanoitnevnoC ( desu gnirud sraey 002 tsap ) emos fo ytilauq eht sesimorpmoc

.sdoof gninnac citpesA doof gnikooc( yletarapes dna nac desilirets ni gnicalp erofeb.siht decalper ylegral sah )gnilaes muucav

gnigakcaP tnerruCstnempoleved

citpesAgninnac

,regnortSsnac rethgil

evitcAgnigakcap

lanoitcnuFgnigakcap

PAMgnigakcap

elbadargedoiBscitsalp

ediv suoS


nihC eeL treboR 52

kcaP evitcA gniga )PA( p eht ,PA nI erehpsomta gnigakca segnahc ylevitca yb gnitcaretni gnigakcap eht htiw

eht gnolorp ot lairetam .doof fo efil flehs

i PA sevlovn esag ro smlif ,stehcas fo noitidda :edulcni sepyT .s - )ytidicnar wols( sregnevacs negyxO - r edixoid nobraC itna( esaele - )laiborcim - seborcim stibihni( lortnoc ytidimuh - )gev dna tiurf fo gninepir swols( lavomer enelyhte - itna( esaeler lonahte - )laiborcim

gnigakcaP PAM eht stsujda gnigakcap erehpsomta deifidoM erehpsomta gnigakcap gnitrats ecudorp ot

taht sesag .efil flehs gnolorp seod dna deifidom yltnenamrep si erehpsomta gnigakcaP.egnahc ton

owT smrof :desu era

- epacse ton lliw dna efil flehs sdnetxe taht sesag htiw dellif si ecapsdaeh - egakcap fo tuo dna ni sdiuqil dna sesag fo tnemevom swolla taht mlif a .g.e

O swolla taht gnigakcap 2 OC dna ni 2 dna stiurf rof desu sag enelyhte sbrosba dna tuo.gev

ediv suoS

a( ediv suoS ak gnikooc muucav ) spets 3 ni derutcafunam si : )1 F si doo dekooc ni demuucav hcuop enelyhteylop ro enelyporpylop , )2 B tsal dellihc 3 ot ˚C )3 S ,derot detaregirfer skeew 6 ot pu rof

01 rof retaw gniliob ni decalp si egakcap ,taeher oT - 4 rof evaworcim ro snim 51 - 5

.snim segatnavdA segatnavdasiD

derots dna deraperp ylisae

gnitaehrednu ro gnitaehrevo fo ksir hgih razah laiborcim gnitluser dna( )sd

paehc deird .g.e stcudorp emos rof elbatiusnUsdoof

etsat larutan secnahne staf lanoitidda rof deen on ;yhtlaeh

noitneter tneirtun mumixam

elbadargedoiB scitsalp

elbadargedoiB scitsalp rof sdnats ALP .citnalP dna ALP edulcni dica citcalylop a dn si sa hcus secruos morf devired yehw revotfel dna hcratsnroc ,noitcudorp eseehc morf

.ragus enac citnalP hgih deifidom morf edam si - esolyma hcratsnroc era htoB . dexob rof syart sa yrubdaC yb desu yltnerruc era yeht( tekram eht ot wen ylevitaler

talocohc morf devired era hcihw scitsalp lanoitnevnoc ot evitanretla na reffo tub )seedurc non a( lio - )ecruoser elbawener ylluf dna elbulos retaw era , elbadargedoib ni(

.)repap naht retsaf neve sedarged ti ,tcaf


nihC eeL treboR 62

segatnavdA segatnavdasiD

fo desopsid ylisaE - retaw elbulos elbaliava ylediw ton ,yltnerruC elbadargedoib ylluF lanoitnevnoc naht $$ erom ,yltnerruC

scitsalp elbawener ,elbaliava ylediw morf devireD

secruoser

gnigakcaP lanoitcnuF

eht gnigakcap sevlovni gnigakcap lanoitcnuF stneidergni lanoitcnuf ht fo tcudorp e eht otni gnigakcap eht esaeler taht swarts knird era selpmaxE .doof eht naht rehtar

eht sesaeler pac eht erehw selttob delaes dna meht knird uoy sa tneidergni gniruovalf.gninepo ot roirp tsuj knird eht otni tneidergni

stnemeriuqeR evitalsigeL gnillebaL dna gnigakcaP rof

ehT edoC sdradnatS sdooF dedivorp era sremusnoc erusne ot sdradnats gnillebal stes

.gnigakcap hguorht doof efas dna noitamrofni tcerroc htiw

:edulcni stca rehtO - eht etatS tcA tnemerusaeM edarT . 9891 tI( tcerroc secrofne giew )gnillebal th - eht laredeF edarT secitcarP tcA 4791 ( stibihorp seitivitca suolupurcsnu )

tnanevoC gnigakcaP lanoitaN ehT i tnanevoC gnigakcaP lanoitaN ehT ot hcaorppa yldneirf yllatnemnorivne na s

.gnigakcap dna gnigakcap taht elpicnirp eht no desab si tI eht si noitanitsed lanif sti.ytilibisnopser llarevo s’recudorp snaps tnemeerga ehT sraey 5 srecudorp seriuqer dna

ot gnilcycer edisbrek ot slairetam war morf ,gnigakcap fo stcepsa lla rotinom .

gnillebaL dooF i gnillebal dooF s denimreted yb eht atS dooF sdradn edoC fo tcudorp a , ZNASF .

saera 3 no sesucof tI gnillebal gninrecnoc : - stnemetats taht sdrow/ tsum raeppa - taht sdrow/stnemetats ton tsum raeppa - taht sdrow/stnemetats secnatsmucric niatrec rednu raeppa yam


nihC eeL treboR 72

:lebal knird strops fo elpmaxE

tsil stneidergnI )9

/etad egakcaP )8 esu - etad yb

edocraB )7

dna emaN )6 fo sserddarerutcafunam fo sliateD )5

nigiro fo yrtnuoc

dna tnetnoc lohoclA )4 dradnats fo rebmun

sknird

)3 fo tnemetatSilauq yt

noitirtuN )2lenap noitamrofni

)1 emaN

gnillebal dooFstnemeriuqer

tropS ’o yrrebeulB

noitamrofnI lanoitirtuN )Lm 052( zo 8 :ezis gnivreS

gnivres rep tnuomA 0 taf morf seirolaC 06 seirolaC

g0 taF latoT g0 taF detarutaS g0 loretselohC

muidoS g0 gm031 muissatoP g23 etardyhobraC latoT g23 sraguS g0 nietorP

A nimatiV B nimatiV C nimatiV

stneidergnI serp ,)201 ,101( sruoloc ,sruovalf ,dica doof ,ragus enac ,retaw : )5401( evitavre ailartsuA WSN ,ageB ,proC .’ocnaC :yb derutcafunaM

ailartsuA fo tcudorP 2604 :.oN hctaB 0102/30/51 :erofeb tseB

4256008120 :no eniltoh ecnarussa ytilauq eerf ruo llac ,yaw yna ni tcudorp eht htiw deifsitasnu era uoy fI

1006941930405503

1

TEP


nihC eeL treboR 82

snoitcirtseR gnillebaL * ON seman edart gnidaelsim * ON smialc lanoitirtun dedda on .g.e senilediug tcirts ot erehda ton od taht ro esotlam ,tlam ,yenoh ,sragus dedda niatnoc ton yam doof a snaem ragus tcartxe tlam * ON c fo smial noitca cituepareht recnac seruc .g.e * ON sa deterpretni eb dluoc taht cte stnemetats/sdrow ecivda lacidem * P‘ ’eru ot desu eb ylno yam tneidergni elgnis sdoof htiw ON sevitidda *‘H ’htlae yam TON rof desu eb doof yna irtsid dna snoitidnoc egarotS fo segats suoirav ta smetsys noitub

erutcafunam doof

E thgilnus ot erusopx dediova eb tsum snoitidnoc egarots lla ni

a 3 era erehT gnigakcap lufsseccus rof deredisnoc eb ot stceps noitubirtsid dna :

)1 ehT lairetam fo epyt detropsnart gnieb sirep .g.e eriuqer sdoof elbahtropsnart detaregirfer

)2 mumixam erusne ot desu gnigakcap ehT ytilauq )3 $$ evitceffe rerutcafunam dna remusnoc tifeneb ot tropsnart

eht morf deredisnoc eb ot sdeen noitubirtsiD lennahc noitubirtsid eht DNA

smetsys noitubirtsid

:egarots yrD 42 woleB ˚ htiw C

lortnoc ytidimuh stiucsib .g.e

:egarots dloC dehsinif ro lairetam waR

0 ta tcudorp -5˚ C tiurf .g.e

egarots dooF snoitidnoC

:egarots rezeerF - ot 81 - 03 ˚C

maerc eci .g.e

egarotS :ot srefer - fo gnipeek slairetam war gnissecorp erofeb - a egats yaled eniw ,foorp ot daerb rof gnitiaw .g.e gnissecorp doof ni noitatnemref - egarots noitubirtsid erofeb

noitubirtsiD si sdoog fo tnemevom eht .rehtona ot etis eno morf


nihC eeL treboR 92

oitubirtsiD slennahC n eht no tnedneped era smetsys noitubirtsiD epyt eht dna tcudorp fo eht fo ezis

ynapmoc . :ni tnemeganam ot eud etsaw ssel ecudorp slennahc noitubirtsid evitceffE

- ruobal - gnildnah - ecaps egarots - emit

:slennahc noitubirtsid fo selpmaxE * raF rem → )tekram s’remraf .g.e( remusnoc * rerutcafunaM → reliater → )remusnoc ot dlos seloC ot dlos stiucsib .g.e( remusnoc

rerutcafunaM* → aselohw rel → reliater → af .g.e( remusnoc ot taehw slles srem .muiratinaS syub seloC teeW - dna muiratinaS morf xiB i slles remusnoc ot t )

smetsys noitubirtsiD :eb dluoc metsys noitubirtsid lacipyt A

)1 derots dna detropsnart slairetam waR )2 eeL araS .g.e rerutcafunam yb degakcap dna dessecorp dooF )3 morf tcudorp klub seviecer esuoheraW .g.e esuoheraw ot dereviled tcudorP

rutcafunam .sreliater ot setubirtsid dna stinu rellams otni ti sedivid ,re

lairetaM gnigakcaP fo tsoc eht fo sisylana ”evarG ot eldarC“

* ygrenE fo gnilcycer ot slairetam war morf ,noitcudorp doof fo segats LLA ta desu si

slairetam gnigakcap

waR

slairetamderiuqca

slairetaMderutcafunam

tcudorP

derutcafunam

esu tcudorP

ronoitpmusnoc

,llifdnaL ,gnilcycer

noitarenicni.cte

etsaw etsaw etsaw etsaw

gnilcyceR tcudorP

esueR

YGRENE


nihC eeL treboR 03

E latnemnorivn gnigakcap snoitaredisnoC ngiseD

gnirutcafunam doof fo tcapmIseigolonhcet

doof fo stcapmI gnirutcafunam

seuqinhcet

laicoS )2 )1latnemnorivnE

lanoitirtuN )3

etairporppA )4 fo esu

ygolonhcet

noitcudorPseuqinhcet

etsaWtnemeganam

gnigakcaPsecitcarp

latnemnorivnE ngised gnigakcap

snoitaredisnoc

noitisopmoC gnigakcaP tekram fo ezis elbaborPtcudorp degakcap rof

segnahc ngiseD

ro lairetam enO ?etisopmoc erA

gnillebal rof skniretaw ro tnevlos -

?desab

tahW tceffa am lliw tekr?rettil no evah ezis

dengised neeb noitubirtsid eht saH tnuocca otni ekat ot esu ygrene

noitatropsnart gnirud ?

ynapmoc lanoitanitlum a sa sdlanoDcM .g.E gnigakcap tahw fo erawa yrev eb ot sdeen

’n‘ hsif lacol a ot derapmoc sesu ti slairetams spihc poh

I .g.E yvaeh gnitubirtsid f snac leets sa hcus gnigakcap stsoc ygrene ,ria yb saesrevo

eb dluow tI .hgih eb lliwpihs ot repaehc .pihs yb


nihC eeL treboR 13

gnigakcap ,tnemeganam etsaw .g.e seussi latnemnorivnEseuqinhcet noitcudorp ,secitcarp

seussI latnemnorivnE

:saera 3 rednu depuorG seuqinhcet noitcudorP )1

tnemeganam etsaW )2 secitcarp gnigakcaP )3

)1 seuqinhceT noitcudorP

.erutcafunam doof fo segats lla gnirud desu si ygrenE niam ehT ecruos ygrene semoc morf non - secruoser elbawener ,stsoc ygrene ecuder oT .lio dna laoc sa hcusunam srerutcaf .seuqinhcet noitcudorp dna tropsnart tneiciffe erom poleved ot deen

OC ssel sesaeler scitsalp fo noitcudorp ,elpmaxe roF 2 .ssalg naht erehpsomta eht otni

.elbalcycer osla era scitsalP

:edulcni smelborp eseht ot snoituloS - gnisuer airetam etsaw noitagirri rof retaw .g.e sl - gnilcycer gnigakcap draobdrac delcycer .g.e - segakcap depahs yltneiciffe erom ,rethgil

fo mrof eht ni semoc noitulloP : retaw dna dnal ,ria ,esion . srerutcafunaM evah depoleved smargorp gnilcycer dna seigetarts noitcuder cni gnidul :

- gnilcycer dna gnisuer retaw - gnisuer tneulffe - thgiew dna esu gnisiminim gnigakcap fo - s’CFC gnitanimile ni snobracordyh htiw gnicalper dna )snobracoroulforolhc( gnigakcap - sa s’CFC gnitanimile stnaregirfer

- fo noitcuder lacimehc sedicitsep sedicibreh dna - htiw sexob maoforytS decalper evah sdlanoDcM sa hcus seinapmoc repap .

)2 tnemeganaM etsaW gnilcyceR saera nabru ni llifdnal ecuder ot laitnesse si gnigakcap fo :

- delcycer si gnigakcap repap fo %07 - delcycer ro derevocer si ssalg fo %14 -6 fo %5 muinimula delcycer si

dna gnicnef ,gnikced rof setutitsbus rebmit otni detrevnoc si etsaw citsalp dexiMerutinruf . 03 stneserper etsaw dlohesuoH - eno ,siht fO .etsaw lla fo %53 - si driht

.gnigakcap

noitasiminim lairetaM ot ygetarts a si gakcap ecuder htgnerts niatniam tub thgiew gni yolpme srerutcafunam emoS seinapmoc tnemeganam etsaw

fo esU gnigakcap elbadargedoib citnalP .g.e sremylopoib ro serbif doow morf edam ,

ALP


nihC eeL treboR 23

secitcarp gnigakcaP )3

secitcarp evitisoP tnemnorivne no tceffE utcafunam ssalG ser elcycer wen rof ssalg

tcudorp desu slairetam war sseL

llifdnal decudeR elbalaeseR sgab citsalp stcudorp parwer ot dedeen citsalp sseL citsalp thgiewthgiL .g.e ssalg ecalper ot

rettub tunaep elbalcycer si citsalP

era setanimal kaparteT elbalcycer - ac dna muinimula ,depluper si draobdr

sreilppus ot denruter era enelyhteylop

llifdnal ssel ;desu secruoser sseL

”NiboiB“ ni desu lessev gnitisopmoCstnaruatser sdlanoDcM

rehtar tsopmoc lufesu semoceb etsaWllifdnal naht

stsep dna nimrev slortnoC rp evitageN secitca tnemnorivne no tceffE

ot eunitnoc srerutcafunam dooF revoegakcap

↑ llifdnal deriuqer slairetam war eroM

erP - .g.e sdoof degakcap erp - degakcap selbategev

esu ton yam remusnoc sa ,egatsaw dooFffo seog ti erofeb lla

gnigakcaP egral oot .e doof rof otatop .gspihc

dedeen era slairetam war eroM ↑ llifdnal

tnemyolpme ,segnahc elytsefil .g.e ,snoitacilpmi laicoS

seitinutroppo

segnahc elytsefiL evah sdoof dna gnigakcap ecneineivnoC ↑ emit erusiel snailartsuA rof il gnimoceb era slliks noitaraperp dooF ot eud detim emit fo kcal ecneineivnoc os ,

ralupop gnimoceb era sdoof tius ot stcudorp dooF gnignahc sdeen ylimaf ( slaem evaworcim ,evres elgnis .g.e ) ↑ sah htlaeh fo ssenerawa ↑ sdoof detatneiro htlaeh ( wol ,erbif hgih ,tlas wol .g.e

taf ) sub rof stcudorP stik yrf rits ,sekahs ,srab tsafkaerb .g.e selytsefil y ↑ sdoof larutlucitlum seiticinhte rehto ot eud htuoS .g.e - elddiM ,naisA tsaE

nretsaE na ot del sah hcraeser cifitneicS ↑ ni O scinagr sffutsdoof ( cinagrO seloC .g.e

selbategev ) noituaC gnitpecca ni MG sdoof h ot del sa gninrecnoc swal gnillebal sdoof

G gniniatnoc M .hcus sa dellebal eb ot

seitinutroppO tnemyolpmE dna seuqinhcet gnirutcafunam ,ngised gnigakcap ni stnemevorpmI ↑ dessecorp

seitinutroppo tnemyolpme ot del sah sdoof htiw srerutcafunaM llams elacs tnemyolpme erom reffo ot dnet noitcudorp fo level

noitasinahcem fo tsoc hgih ot eud


nihC eeL treboR 33

:edulcni seitinutroppo tnemyolpme rehtO tnempoleved tcudorP , ngised gnigakcap ,hcraeser slairetam , gnitekram , tnemeganam etsaw , selas & gnissecorp doof

lanoitirtuN snoitacilpmi

htlaeh dna stsilanoitiutni ,spuorg yrosivda ,sremusnoc morf erusserp denibmoC ot del sah seitirohtua seicilop noitirtun etaroproc .

,elpmaxe roF tes sah muiratinaS skramhcneb tneirtun stcudorp ’tlas wol‘ sa hcus

tairporppA ygolonhcet fo esu e

* evah taht seuqinhcet gnirutcafunam dna ngised gnigakcap ni stnempoleveD decuder

llifdnal *↑ retlif fo esu s ecuder ot noitullop esion dna ria * ot stnalp gnirutcafunam ni smetsys noitagirri fo esU retaw esuer snedrag ,stnalp rofe ct . * ygrene sseL ssenevitceffe tsoc gnivorpmi suht ,gninnac citpesa ni desu * fo tnempoleveD stcudorp wen noitatimi .g.e ylppus trohs ni esoht etutitsbus ot

rehto ot dedda sdica yttaf 3 agemo .g.e sdoof fo eliforp lanoitirtun evorpmi dna allinavsdoof hcus seniragram sa

* fo esu ecuder ot gnimraf cinagrO sresilitref dna noitadarged lios

ygolonhcet fo esu etairporppA serusne tcapmi laminim ,tnemnorivne eht no ytilibaniatsus fo egnar ediw a dna srerutcafunam doof rof eciohc dna yteirav sremusnoc rof

ehT snoitacilpmi lanoitirtun ot eud era seigolonhcet gnirutcafunam doof fo ↑ ot srerutcafunam del sah sihT .sdoof dessecorp ylhgih fo stceffe htlaeh fo ssenerawa

retteb evah taht sdoof poleved seliforp lanoitirtun .

eht x2!erbif muiclaC

dehcirne

tlaSdecuder

%99 eerf taf !

Module 2- Food Manufacture

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