Min-Maxing Software Costs

MIN-MAXINGSoftware Costs

Konstantin K.@everzet

TECHNICALDEBT

Without frameworks

Simple frameworks

Enterprise frameworks

IS MESSPART OF

A COURSE?

MIN-MAXING SOFTWARE COSTS

SOFTWARE FORCES

• Creation - Introduction of a brand new feature

• Change - Business-driven modification of existing feature

• Ownership - Physical capability to change a feature

• Control - Capability to sustainably change a feature

SOFTWARE COSTS

1. Cost of Creation

2. Cost of Change

3. Cost of Control

COST OF CREATION

Project Lifetime

Beginning 3 months 6 months 9 months ...

Cost of Creation

CONVENTIONS OPTIMISE

FOR CREATION

$ bin/rails generate controller welcome index

from django.contrib import admin

from . import models

admin.site.register(models.Article)

package hello;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController public class GreetingController { ... }

CREATIONIS LIMITED BYTHE LIFE SPAN

Creation→ Change

Project Lifetime

Beginning 3 months 6 months 9 months ...

Cost of Creation

Creation→ Change

Project Lifetime

Beginning 3 months 6 months 9 months ...

Cost of Creation

Pure observation &personal experience

Creation→ Change

Project Lifetime

Beginning 3 months 6 months 9 months ...

Cost of Creation

Conventional Project

Creation→ Change

Project Lifetime

Beginning 3 months 6 months 9 months ...

Cost of Creation

Conventional Project

Conventional Project

Convention-based projects either die a hero or live long enough to see themselves become the villain.

COST OF CHANGE

Project Lifetime

Beginning 3 months 6 months 9 months ...

Cost of Creation Cost of Change

THE SEARCHFUNCTION

public function searchAction(Request $req) { $form = $this->createForm(new SearchQueryType, new SearchQuery); $normalizedOrderBys = $this->getNormalizedOrderBys($filteredOrderBys); $this->computeSearchQuery($req, $filteredOrderBys); if ($req->query->has('search_query')) { /** @var $solarium \Solarium_Client */ $solarium = $this->get('solarium.client'); $select = $solarium->createSelect(); // configure dismax $dismax = $select->getDisMax(); $dismax->setQueryFields(array('name^4', 'description', 'tags', 'text', 'text_ngram', 'name_split^2')); if ($req->query->has('search_query')) { $form->bind($req); if ($form->isValid()) { $escapedQuery = $select->getHelper()->escapeTerm($form->getData()->getQuery()); $escapedQuery = preg_replace('/(^| )\\\\-(\S)/', '$1-$2', $escapedQuery); $escapedQuery = preg_replace('/(^| )\\\\\+(\S)/', '$1+$2', $escapedQuery); if ((substr_count($escapedQuery, '"') % 2) == 0) { $escapedQuery = str_replace('\\"', '"', $escapedQuery); } $select->setQuery($escapedQuery); } } } elseif ($req->getRequestFormat() === 'json') { return JsonResponse::create(array( 'error' => 'Missing search query, example: ?q=example' ), 400)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } return $this->render('SomeAppWebBundle:Web:search.html.twig'); }

public function searchAction(Request $req) { $form = $this->createForm(new SearchQueryType, new SearchQuery); $normalizedOrderBys = $this->getNormalizedOrderBys($filteredOrderBys); $this->computeSearchQuery($req, $filteredOrderBys); if ($req->query->has('search_query')) { /** @var $solarium \Solarium_Client */ $solarium = $this->get('solarium.client'); $select = $solarium->createSelect(); // configure dismax $dismax = $select->getDisMax(); $dismax->setQueryFields(array('name^4', 'description', 'tags', 'text', 'text_ngram', 'name_split^2')); if ($req->query->has('search_query')) { $form->bind($req); if ($form->isValid()) { $escapedQuery = $select->getHelper()->escapeTerm($form->getData()->getQuery()); $escapedQuery = preg_replace('/(^| )\\\\-(\S)/', '$1-$2', $escapedQuery); $escapedQuery = preg_replace('/(^| )\\\\\+(\S)/', '$1+$2', $escapedQuery); if ((substr_count($escapedQuery, '"') % 2) == 0) { $escapedQuery = str_replace('\\"', '"', $escapedQuery); } $select->setQuery($escapedQuery); } } } elseif ($req->getRequestFormat() === 'json') { return JsonResponse::create(array( 'error' => 'Missing search query, example: ?q=example' ), 400)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } return $this->render('SomeAppWebBundle:Web:search.html.twig'); }

HOW LONG WOULDIT TAKE TO ADD TAGS

SUPPORT?

public function searchAction(Request $req) { $form = $this->createForm(new SearchQueryType, new SearchQuery); $normalizedOrderBys = $this->getNormalizedOrderBys($filteredOrderBys); $this->computeSearchQuery($req, $filteredOrderBys); if ($req->query->has('search_query')) { /** @var $solarium \Solarium_Client */ $solarium = $this->get('solarium.client'); $select = $solarium->createSelect(); // configure dismax $dismax = $select->getDisMax(); $dismax->setQueryFields(array('name^4', 'description', 'tags', 'text', 'text_ngram', 'name_split^2')); if ($req->query->has('search_query')) { $form->bind($req); if ($form->isValid()) { $escapedQuery = $select->getHelper()->escapeTerm($form->getData()->getQuery()); $escapedQuery = preg_replace('/(^| )\\\\-(\S)/', '$1-$2', $escapedQuery); $escapedQuery = preg_replace('/(^| )\\\\\+(\S)/', '$1+$2', $escapedQuery); if ((substr_count($escapedQuery, '"') % 2) == 0) { $escapedQuery = str_replace('\\"', '"', $escapedQuery); } $select->setQuery($escapedQuery); } } } elseif ($req->getRequestFormat() === 'json') { return JsonResponse::create(array( 'error' => 'Missing search query, example: ?q=example' ), 400)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } return $this->render('SomeAppWebBundle:Web:search.html.twig'); }

public function searchAction(Request $req) { $form = $this->createForm(new SearchQueryType, new SearchQuery); $this->computeSearchQuery($req, $filteredOrderBys); $typeFilter = $req->query->get('type'); if ($req->query->has('search_query') || $typeFilter) { /** @var $solarium \Solarium_Client */ $solarium = $this->get('solarium.client'); $select = $solarium->createSelect(); // configure dismax $dismax = $select->getDisMax(); $dismax->setQueryFields(array('name^4', 'description', 'tags', 'text', 'text_ngram', 'name_split^2')); $dismax->setPhraseFields(array('description')); $dismax->setBoostFunctions(array('log(trendiness)^10')); $dismax->setMinimumMatch(1); $dismax->setQueryParser('edismax'); // filter by type if ($typeFilter) { $filterQueryTerm = sprintf('type:"%s"', $select->getHelper()->escapeTerm($typeFilter)); $filterQuery = $select->createFilterQuery('type')->setQuery($filterQueryTerm); $select->addFilterQuery($filterQuery); } if ($req->query->has('search_query')) { $form->bind($req); if ($form->isValid()) { $escapedQuery = $select->getHelper()->escapeTerm($form->getData()->getQuery()); $escapedQuery = preg_replace('/(^| )\\\\-(\S)/', '$1-$2', $escapedQuery); $escapedQuery = preg_replace('/(^| )\\\\\+(\S)/', '$1+$2', $escapedQuery); if ((substr_count($escapedQuery, '"') % 2) == 0) { $escapedQuery = str_replace('\\"', '"', $escapedQuery); } $select->setQuery($escapedQuery); } } $paginator = new Pagerfanta(new SolariumAdapter($solarium, $select)); $perPage = $req->query->getInt('per_page', 15); if ($perPage <= 0 || $perPage > 100) { if ($req->getRequestFormat() === 'json') { return JsonResponse::create(array( 'status' => 'error', 'message' => 'The optional packages per_page parameter must be an integer between 1 and 100 (default: 15)', ), 400)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } $perPage = max(0, min(100, $perPage)); } } elseif ($req->getRequestFormat() === 'json') { return JsonResponse::create(array( 'error' => 'Missing search query, example: ?q=example' ), 400)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } return $this->render('SomeAppWebBundle:Web:search.html.twig'); }

{ $form = $this->createForm(new SearchQueryType, new SearchQuery); $filteredOrderBys = $this->getFilteredOrderedBys($req); $normalizedOrderBys = $this->getNormalizedOrderBys($filteredOrderBys); $this->computeSearchQuery($req, $filteredOrderBys); $typeFilter = $req->query->get('type'); $tagsFilter = $req->query->get('tags'); if ($req->query->has('search_query') || $typeFilter || $tagsFilter) { /** @var $solarium \Solarium_Client */ $solarium = $this->get('solarium.client'); $select = $solarium->createSelect(); // configure dismax $dismax = $select->getDisMax(); $dismax->setQueryFields(array('name^4', 'description', 'tags', 'text', 'text_ngram', 'name_split^2')); $dismax->setPhraseFields(array('description')); $dismax->setBoostFunctions(array('log(trendiness)^10')); $dismax->setMinimumMatch(1); $dismax->setQueryParser('edismax'); // filter by type if ($typeFilter) { $filterQueryTerm = sprintf('type:"%s"', $select->getHelper()->escapeTerm($typeFilter)); $filterQuery = $select->createFilterQuery('type')->setQuery($filterQueryTerm); $select->addFilterQuery($filterQuery); } // filter by tags if ($tagsFilter) { $tags = array(); foreach ((array) $tagsFilter as $tag) { $tags[] = $select->getHelper()->escapeTerm($tag); } $filterQueryTerm = sprintf('tags:("%s")', implode('" AND "', $tags)); $filterQuery = $select->createFilterQuery('tags')->setQuery($filterQueryTerm); $select->addFilterQuery($filterQuery); } if (!empty($filteredOrderBys)) { $select->addSorts($normalizedOrderBys); } if ($req->query->has('search_query')) { $form->bind($req); if ($form->isValid()) { $escapedQuery = $select->getHelper()->escapeTerm($form->getData()->getQuery()); $escapedQuery = preg_replace('/(^| )\\\\-(\S)/', '$1-$2', $escapedQuery); $escapedQuery = preg_replace('/(^| )\\\\\+(\S)/', '$1+$2', $escapedQuery); if ((substr_count($escapedQuery, '"') % 2) == 0) { $escapedQuery = str_replace('\\"', '"', $escapedQuery); } $select->setQuery($escapedQuery); } } $paginator = new Pagerfanta(new SolariumAdapter($solarium, $select)); $perPage = $req->query->getInt('per_page', 15); if ($perPage <= 0 || $perPage > 100) { if ($req->getRequestFormat() === 'json') { return JsonResponse::create(array( 'status' => 'error', 'message' => 'The optional packages per_page parameter must be an integer between 1 and 100 (default: 15)', ), 400)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } $perPage = max(0, min(100, $perPage)); } $paginator->setMaxPerPage($perPage); $paginator->setCurrentPage($req->query->get('page', 1), false, true); $metadata = array(); foreach ($paginator as $package) { if (is_numeric($package->id)) { $metadata['downloads'][$package->id] = $package->downloads; $metadata['favers'][$package->id] = $package->favers; } } if ($req->getRequestFormat() === 'json') { try { $result = array( 'results' => array(), 'total' => $paginator->getNbResults(), ); } catch (\Solarium_Client_HttpException $e) { return JsonResponse::create(array( 'status' => 'error', 'message' => 'Could not connect to the search server', ), 500)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } return JsonResponse::create($result)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } if ($req->isXmlHttpRequest()) { try { return $this->render('PackagistWebBundle:Web:search.html.twig', array( 'packages' => $paginator, 'meta' => $metadata, 'noLayout' => true, )); } catch (\Twig_Error_Runtime $e) { if (!$e->getPrevious() instanceof \Solarium_Client_HttpException) { throw $e; } return JsonResponse::create(array( 'status' => 'error', 'message' => 'Could not connect to the search server', ), 500)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } } return $this->render('PackagistWebBundle:Web:search.html.twig', array( 'packages' => $paginator, 'meta' => $metadata, )); } elseif ($req->getRequestFormat() === 'json') { return JsonResponse::create(array( 'error' => 'Missing search query, example: ?q=example' ), 400)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } return $this->render('PackagistWebBundle:Web:search.html.twig'); }

{ $form = $this->createForm(new SearchQueryType, new SearchQuery); $filteredOrderBys = $this->getFilteredOrderedBys($req); $normalizedOrderBys = $this->getNormalizedOrderBys($filteredOrderBys); $this->computeSearchQuery($req, $filteredOrderBys); $typeFilter = $req->query->get('type'); $tagsFilter = $req->query->get('tags'); if ($req->query->has('search_query') || $typeFilter || $tagsFilter) { /** @var $solarium \Solarium_Client */ $solarium = $this->get('solarium.client'); $select = $solarium->createSelect(); // configure dismax $dismax = $select->getDisMax(); $dismax->setQueryFields(array('name^4', 'description', 'tags', 'text', 'text_ngram', 'name_split^2')); $dismax->setPhraseFields(array('description')); $dismax->setBoostFunctions(array('log(trendiness)^10')); $dismax->setMinimumMatch(1); $dismax->setQueryParser('edismax'); // filter by type if ($typeFilter) { $filterQueryTerm = sprintf('type:"%s"', $select->getHelper()->escapeTerm($typeFilter)); $filterQuery = $select->createFilterQuery('type')->setQuery($filterQueryTerm); $select->addFilterQuery($filterQuery); } // filter by tags if ($tagsFilter) { $tags = array(); foreach ((array) $tagsFilter as $tag) { $tags[] = $select->getHelper()->escapeTerm($tag); } $filterQueryTerm = sprintf('tags:("%s")', implode('" AND "', $tags)); $filterQuery = $select->createFilterQuery('tags')->setQuery($filterQueryTerm); $select->addFilterQuery($filterQuery); } if (!empty($filteredOrderBys)) { $select->addSorts($normalizedOrderBys); } if ($req->query->has('search_query')) { $form->bind($req); if ($form->isValid()) { $escapedQuery = $select->getHelper()->escapeTerm($form->getData()->getQuery()); $escapedQuery = preg_replace('/(^| )\\\\-(\S)/', '$1-$2', $escapedQuery); $escapedQuery = preg_replace('/(^| )\\\\\+(\S)/', '$1+$2', $escapedQuery); if ((substr_count($escapedQuery, '"') % 2) == 0) { $escapedQuery = str_replace('\\"', '"', $escapedQuery); } $select->setQuery($escapedQuery); } } $paginator = new Pagerfanta(new SolariumAdapter($solarium, $select)); $perPage = $req->query->getInt('per_page', 15); if ($perPage <= 0 || $perPage > 100) { if ($req->getRequestFormat() === 'json') { return JsonResponse::create(array( 'status' => 'error', 'message' => 'The optional packages per_page parameter must be an integer between 1 and 100 (default: 15)', ), 400)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } $perPage = max(0, min(100, $perPage)); } $paginator->setMaxPerPage($perPage); $paginator->setCurrentPage($req->query->get('page', 1), false, true); $metadata = array(); foreach ($paginator as $package) { if (is_numeric($package->id)) { $metadata['downloads'][$package->id] = $package->downloads; $metadata['favers'][$package->id] = $package->favers; } } if ($req->getRequestFormat() === 'json') { try { $result = array( 'results' => array(), 'total' => $paginator->getNbResults(), ); } catch (\Solarium_Client_HttpException $e) { return JsonResponse::create(array( 'status' => 'error', 'message' => 'Could not connect to the search server', ), 500)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } return JsonResponse::create($result)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } if ($req->isXmlHttpRequest()) { try { return $this->render('PackagistWebBundle:Web:search.html.twig', array( 'packages' => $paginator, 'meta' => $metadata, 'noLayout' => true, )); } catch (\Twig_Error_Runtime $e) { if (!$e->getPrevious() instanceof \Solarium_Client_HttpException) { throw $e; } return JsonResponse::create(array( 'status' => 'error', 'message' => 'Could not connect to the search server', ), 500)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } } return $this->render('PackagistWebBundle:Web:search.html.twig', array( 'packages' => $paginator, 'meta' => $metadata, )); } elseif ($req->getRequestFormat() === 'json') { return JsonResponse::create(array( 'error' => 'Missing search query, example: ?q=example' ), 400)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } return $this->render('PackagistWebBundle:Web:search.html.twig'); }

{ $form = $this->createForm(new SearchQueryType, new SearchQuery); $filteredOrderBys = $this->getFilteredOrderedBys($req); $normalizedOrderBys = $this->getNormalizedOrderBys($filteredOrderBys); $this->computeSearchQuery($req, $filteredOrderBys); $typeFilter = $req->query->get('type'); $tagsFilter = $req->query->get('tags'); if ($req->query->has('search_query') || $typeFilter || $tagsFilter) { /** @var $solarium \Solarium_Client */ $solarium = $this->get('solarium.client'); $select = $solarium->createSelect(); // configure dismax $dismax = $select->getDisMax(); $dismax->setQueryFields(array('name^4', 'description', 'tags', 'text', 'text_ngram', 'name_split^2')); $dismax->setPhraseFields(array('description')); $dismax->setBoostFunctions(array('log(trendiness)^10')); $dismax->setMinimumMatch(1); $dismax->setQueryParser('edismax'); // filter by type if ($typeFilter) { $filterQueryTerm = sprintf('type:"%s"', $select->getHelper()->escapeTerm($typeFilter)); $filterQuery = $select->createFilterQuery('type')->setQuery($filterQueryTerm); $select->addFilterQuery($filterQuery); } // filter by tags if ($tagsFilter) { $tags = array(); foreach ((array) $tagsFilter as $tag) { $tags[] = $select->getHelper()->escapeTerm($tag); } $filterQueryTerm = sprintf('tags:("%s")', implode('" AND "', $tags)); $filterQuery = $select->createFilterQuery('tags')->setQuery($filterQueryTerm); $select->addFilterQuery($filterQuery); } if (!empty($filteredOrderBys)) { $select->addSorts($normalizedOrderBys); } if ($req->query->has('search_query')) { $form->bind($req); if ($form->isValid()) { $escapedQuery = $select->getHelper()->escapeTerm($form->getData()->getQuery()); $escapedQuery = preg_replace('/(^| )\\\\-(\S)/', '$1-$2', $escapedQuery); $escapedQuery = preg_replace('/(^| )\\\\\+(\S)/', '$1+$2', $escapedQuery); if ((substr_count($escapedQuery, '"') % 2) == 0) { $escapedQuery = str_replace('\\"', '"', $escapedQuery); } $select->setQuery($escapedQuery); } } $paginator = new Pagerfanta(new SolariumAdapter($solarium, $select)); $perPage = $req->query->getInt('per_page', 15); if ($perPage <= 0 || $perPage > 100) { if ($req->getRequestFormat() === 'json') { return JsonResponse::create(array( 'status' => 'error', 'message' => 'The optional packages per_page parameter must be an integer between 1 and 100 (default: 15)', ), 400)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } $perPage = max(0, min(100, $perPage)); } $paginator->setMaxPerPage($perPage); $paginator->setCurrentPage($req->query->get('page', 1), false, true); $metadata = array(); foreach ($paginator as $package) { if (is_numeric($package->id)) { $metadata['downloads'][$package->id] = $package->downloads; $metadata['favers'][$package->id] = $package->favers; } } if ($req->getRequestFormat() === 'json') { try { $result = array( 'results' => array(), 'total' => $paginator->getNbResults(), ); } catch (\Solarium_Client_HttpException $e) { return JsonResponse::create(array( 'status' => 'error', 'message' => 'Could not connect to the search server', ), 500)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } return JsonResponse::create($result)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } if ($req->isXmlHttpRequest()) { try { return $this->render('PackagistWebBundle:Web:search.html.twig', array( 'packages' => $paginator, 'meta' => $metadata, 'noLayout' => true, )); } catch (\Twig_Error_Runtime $e) { if (!$e->getPrevious() instanceof \Solarium_Client_HttpException) { throw $e; } return JsonResponse::create(array( 'status' => 'error', 'message' => 'Could not connect to the search server', ), 500)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } } return $this->render('PackagistWebBundle:Web:search.html.twig', array( 'packages' => $paginator, 'meta' => $metadata, )); } elseif ($req->getRequestFormat() === 'json') { return JsonResponse::create(array( 'error' => 'Missing search query, example: ?q=example' ), 400)->setCallback($req->query->get('callback')); } return $this->render('PackagistWebBundle:Web:search.html.twig'); }

CHANGE KICKS IN AFTER

CREATION STOPS

Creation→ Change

Project Lifetime

Beginning 3 months 6 months 9 months ...

Cost of Creation Cost of Change

Creation→ Change

Project Lifetime

Beginning 3 months 6 months 9 months ...

Cost of Creation Cost of Change

Enterprise Project

Creation→ Change

Project Lifetime

Beginning 3 months 6 months 9 months ...

Cost of Creation Cost of Change

Enterprise Project

Enterprise Project

FORCE DYNAMICS

CONVENTION-BASED FRAMEWORK

Your first feature

Controlled Code

Controlled Code

Your second feature

Controlled Code

Controlled Code

Controlled Code

Delegated Code

The framework / library code

Controlled Code

Delegated Code Controlled Code

Delegated Code

Change

Controlled Code

Delegated Code

Change

Controlled Code

Delegated Code

Change

Controlled Code

Owned Code Delegated Code

Change

Controlled Code

Owned Code Delegated Code

Change

Controlled Code

Owned Code Delegated Code

Change

Controlled Code

Owned Code Delegated Code Controlled Code

Owned Code Controlled Code

– An engineer

“Ah, to hell with that!”

Owned Code

Owned Code

Change

Owned Code

ENTERPRISE FRAMEWORK

Controlled Code

Your first feature

Controlled Code

Controlled Code

Your second feature

Controlled Code

Controlled Code

Change

Controlled Code

Change

Controlled Code

Change

– A business person

“Why does it always take so long?”

Controlled CodeOwned Code

Change

Controlled CodeOwned Code

Change

Controlled CodeOwned Code

Change

Controlled CodeOwned Code

Owned Code

CONTROL HAS COST

Project Lifetime

Beginning 3 months 6 months 9 months ...

Cost of Creation Cost of Change Cost of Control

CONTROL IS A LIMITER FOR ACOST OF CHANGE

Project Lifetime

Beginning 3 months 6 months 9 months ...

Cost of Creation Cost of Change Cost of Control

CONTROLLINGTOO FEW TOO LATE

Project Lifetime

Beginning 3 months 6 months 9 months ...

Cost of Creation Cost of Change Cost of Control

CONTROLLINGTOO MUCH TOO EARLY

Project Lifetime

Beginning 3 months 6 months 9 months ...

Cost of Creation Cost of Change Cost of Control

OWNING MORE THAN YOU CONTROLIS UNSUSTAINABLE

CONTROLLING EVERYTHING

IS EXPENSIVE

MIN-MAXING SOFTWARE COSTS

4 RULES OF MIN-MAXING

1. Begin from owning nothing ( )

2. Take ownership reluctantly ( )

3. Control everything you own ( )

4. Continuously reassess your control ( )

HEALTHY YOUNG PROJECT

Owned Code Delegated Code Controlled Code

UNHEALTHY YOUNG PROJECT

Owned Code Delegated Code Controlled Code

UNHEALTHY YOUNG PROJECT

Owned Code Delegated Code Controlled Code

HEALTHY MATURE PROJECT

Owned Code Delegated Code Controlled Code

UNHEALTHY “MATURE” PROJECT

Owned Code Delegated Code Controlled Code

UNHEALTHY “MATURE” PROJECT

Owned Code Delegated Code Controlled Code

1. BEGINFROM OWNING

NOTHING

2. TAKEOWNERSHIP

RELUCTANTLY

3. CONTROLEVERYTHINGYOU OWN

4. CONTINUOUSLYREASSESS YOUR

CONTROL

Project Lifetime

Beginning 3 months 6 months 9 months ...

Cost of Creation Cost of Change Cost of Control

Control everything you write.Avoid writing anything.

Deliver business impact,not software.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME!

Konstantin K.@everzet