microprocessors (arabic)

٢٥١٢٥١אא

א ٢٥١

،،אא،אW

אא א א א א א אאאא،אאאאאאא

אא א א א אאאאאא؛א

אאK אאאאאאא

א ،א אא א א אא א א ، א

א،אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאא

אא،אאאא،אK

א א ? ? ? ? אאאאאא א

אK אאאאאאא

،א،אאאאאאאאאK

א אא א WאK

אאאא

א ٢٥١ א

אאאאאאאKאאאאאאK

א،אאאאאאאא،אא،אא

אאאא،K א?א???،אאאא

٥١٣W?אMicroprocessor?אאK א،אאאא

אאKאאאאK ،אאאאאאאא

אאאאIntel 8085אIntel،אאאFZilog, MotorolaEאאאK

אאW JאאWאK

אאאW JאאאK Jאאאא?א?א JאאאאK JאאאאאאK JאאWאאK

אאאאאW JאאאאאLאWאאאK

א ٢٥١ א

JאאאאאאאאLא

אאWאK אאאW

JאאאאאאאאאאאאK

JאאאאFIntel 8085EאK

JאאFFlowchartEאאK JאאFAssembly languageEא

אFOperation codeEאאאK JאאK

אאאWאאאK אאאW

JאאאאאK JאWאאאK Jאאאאא،א،א،א،K

אאWאאK אאאW

JאאאאאאאK JאאאאאאאאK JאאCאK

א ٢٥١ אא א א

- ١ -

אאWא

אאWאאאא אK

אאWאאאאW

GאK GאאאK GאאאאאאK

אאאWאאא١٠٠K٪

אאW٨אאא

• אא • א

• אK • אאאאאK

- ٢ -

١ Jאא ١ J١אא

אאאאאאאאא IC : Integrated Circuits)EאאאFLSI : Large Scale IntegrationEא

אאאFVLSI : Very Large Scale IntegrationE،אאאאאאאאא

אאאאא. אאאאאאאאאאK

١ J٢אא אא،אFE

אK אאW

- ،אאFאאEאK

- אאאאאאK

א אא

אאא

F١J١WEאאא

- ٣ -

אאאא،אאאא

אאאK

٢ JאאW אאא،

W JאFROM : Read Only MemoryEW

אKאאאאא،אאאK

JאFRAM : Random Access MemoryWE ،אאאאא

K JFInput unitWE

אאאאאK JאFOutput unitWE

אאאאאK W

אIntel 8255א،אאאא

JאאFCPU : Central Processing UnitEא FCU : Control UnitEאא

אF١ J٢EK

- ٤ -

אאאאאK

)١ J٣(Wאא

אא א

)١ J٢(Wאאא.

- ٥ -

٢ J١אFBusEW ،א0v5vF

٢ J٢אFData BusWE אאFאEאאאאK

אאא،אאאF 64/32/16/8אFBitEE،אאDFDataEאא

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0אאא8K

٢ J٣אאFAddress BusWE אאאאאFאא

אאאE،אאאאאאאאאאאאאא،אאKא

א16אאאAFAddressEאאא

W A15 A14 A13……….A2 A1 A0אא16K

WאאW אאFאE،אK

אאאאאאFאאאאEאאאFאאאאEא

אאאא،F١א J٤Eאא.

- ٦ -

٢ J٤אFControl BusE

אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

אאWאאאא،אאאאאאFRDEאFWRE،אא

אK אאאאאאW

אFאEאאאאא MEMRאאאאאFRAMROMEMEMWאאאFRAME

IORאאא IOWאא

F١ J٤WEאאאא

01101011

1111 0101 0000 1100

11010110

אD7 – D0

אאא

1111 0101 0000 1100

אא١

אאאא ٢

- ٧ -

א،אאאאאאאא?אא?،אאאא

אאאאאאאK אאK

W אאאאאא؟

- Wאאאאאאאאאא

MEMR 0v - WאאאאאW

IOW=5v ; IOR=5v ; MEMW=5v ; MEMR=0v

٢ J٥אאאIntel 8085 אאאאא

אIntel 8085FאאאEW

- ٨ -

אאאאIntel 8085אא

אAD7-AD0،?א?אKאאא?אא?אאאאK

אאF١א J٦KE

F١ J٥WEאאאIntel 8085

- ٩ -

2 J٥ J١אIO/M (Input Output / Memory)

אאא IO/M،אאאאאW

Gאאאאא0v GאאאאLאאא 5v אאאאאאאK

A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9

A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15

D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

אא א

אא Intel 8085

F١J٦WEאIntel 8085

א ?א?

- ١٠ -

٢ J٦אאא W אאאאאאאW

Jאאאאא JGאאאW

אאא GאאאW

אאא JאFאEאאא

WאאאאאאאW

JאאאFאEאאK JאאאFאאאEאאא

אאK JאאFאEאאMEMRאאK אF١ J٧EאאK

- ١١ -

٢ J٧אאא W אאאא

אאאK אאא،אא

אא(Quartz Oscillator)Kאאא2MHzאא،א،אאא

0.37א(Million Instructions Per Second = MIPS) MIPSK אאאאא،א

אאאאאאK

אאאאMEMR

אF١ J٧WEאאאאא

- ١٢ -

WאאאאאK

١ JאאאFאאE

٢ Jאאא??אאא

٣ Jאאאא

٤ J אאא

٥ Jאאאאא

אF١ J٨WEאא

- ١٣ -

٣ JאאאW ٣ J١אאW

אF،EאאאאאאFWordE64/32/16/8 )BitEאאK

8אאא?F?ByteKEאW

Jאאאא(Binary) JאאאאFאאHexadecimalE،אHאKאא

אאאאאW

אFאאEאא אאא

0 0000 0 10001 1 20010 2 30011 3 40100 4 50101 5 60110 6 70111 7 81000 8 91001 9 101010 A 111011 B 121100 C 131101 D 141110 E 151111 F

אF١J٩WEאאא

- ١٤ -

٣ J٢אאאאאW אאW

J،אאאא אאאאאאאאW

00v 15v Jא،אאאאא

אאFאאEאאK ٣ J٣אאאא

אאאאאאא אאאאאK

1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 אא

5 B אאאא

אאאאW

- ١٥ -

אאאאאאאאW

אאאאאאאW

4אאאאאא אאW

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1

A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0

7 4 F 0

0 1 0 1

1 x 20 0 x 21 +

1 x 22 + 0 x 23 +

1 0 1 1

1 x 20 1 x 21 +

0 x 22 + 1 x 23 +

- ١٦ -

אW ١ JאאאאאאאאW

0111H – A01FH – ABCDH – 9812H – 7FE3H – 54H – 69H – A3H – EFH ٢ JאאאW

0124H-ABCDH-123H-011GH-119H-1FH-0000F-BBEEH-0ABCF-45EFH-ABFH-1235H ٣ JאאאאאאK ٤ JאאאW

RAM/ROMאאאK RAM/ROMK

٥ Jאאא؟אאאאאK ٦ JאאאFאEאאFאאEאW

؟אא؟ ٧ JאאאאK ٨ JאאאאאאW

،אא،אא،א،א،א،אאאK Jא Jא

Jא Jאאא Jא Jא Jא J

٩ JאאאאאאW Jאאאא

Jאאא Jאאא Jאא

- ١٧ -

١٠ JF١א J١٠Eאאאאאאא W

אאאאK

١١ JאאF١א J١١EאאאW

Jאאאאאא Jאאאאא Jאאא

F١אJ١٠E

- ١٨ -

A0 = 1 A1 = 0 A2 = 0 A3 = 0 A4 = 0 A5 = 1 A6 = 0 A7 = 0 A8 = 1 A9 = 1

A10 = 0 A11 = 0 A12 = 0 A13 = 0 A14 = 1 A15 = 0

D0 = 0 D1 = 1 D2 = 0 D3 = 1 D4 = 0 D5 = 0 D6 = 0 D7 = 0

MEMR = 1

MEMW = 1

IOW = 1

IOR = 0

F١אJ١١E

- ١٩ -

JאאאאאאW אאאאאאא

אאאאאאאKאאאאאאK

١אאW

אאאאאW ١ J١אW

אאW אאא

אW אאא אא

MEMW MEMR

IOW IOR

ADDRESS

F١א J١٢WEא

- ٢٠ -

١ J١ J١אW אאאW

JאאאFאRAMאEWאאא

GאאאאאFאאEאאK GאאאFא(RAM)אKE GאFאEאאK

JאאאאאFאROM

אEאאאW GאאאאאFאאEאאK GאאFאאKE

GאFאאEאאK ١ J١ J٢א

אאאאא،אאאאאאאאא

FאאאאKE אאאאאאאאW

FאאE אאא

1 A3 A2 A1 A0 2 A7 A6 A5 A4 3 A11 A10 A9 A8 4 A15 A14 A13 A12

- ٢١ -

١ J١ J٣ ،אאא

אאאאא،אK

אאאאאאאW

אאFאאE

1 D3 D2 D1 D0 2 D7 D6 D5 D4

١ J١ J٤אא אאאאK

JאאאאאMEMR

JאאאאMEMW JאאFאEאIOW JאאאFEאIOR

- ٢٢ -

١ J٢אW

١ J٢ J١אW

אא??W J אF،אאE J אאאאאא J אאאאW

GאאFאאאאRAME JGאאאFאאא

אאאאRAMROME JאאאאK

ADDRESS

W אא

אאא

F١אJ١٣WEא

- ٢٣ -

١ J٣אאW אא،אאאאF

אאאאאEK

אאא?א?אאאW

אאא a c

1 +5v +5v4 D0 D1 5 D2 D3 6 D4 D5 7 D6 D7 9 IOWMEMW10 IOR MEMR 16 A0 17 A1A2 18 A3 A4 19 A5 A6 20 A7A8 21 A9 A10 22 A11 A12 23 A13A14 24 A15 32 0v 0v

א אא

?אF?FEא?a?א?cE?אא

F١אJ١٤WEאא

- ٢٤ -

٢ JאW ٢ J١אW LאאאאאאאW

A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1

אאאאאW

LאאאאK LאאאאאאK LאאאאאאאK

אאA15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0

אFvoltE

٢ J٢ LאאאאW

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

אאאא

אD7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0אFvoltE

- ٢٥ -

٢ J٣אאאאF01E אאW

א0אאאFLowEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK א1אאאFHighEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٢ J٤אאאאאW LאאאFEא

אאW אאאאאW

אאאאא

FאE אאא

FאE MEMW MEMR

IOW IOR

LאאאאאאאאW

MEMRW؟אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK MEMWW؟אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

IOWWא؟אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK IORW؟אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- ٢٦ -

٢ J٥אW אאאאFאאאKE

LאאK L(1AH)אאאאW

אאאאאאאא

MEMW MEMR

IOW IOR

- ٢٧ -

JאאאאאW ١ JאאאאW

אאאאW J J Jאא Jא

אאאW JFOpen circuitE JFShort circuitE

אאאאK

- ٢٨ -

٢ Jא ٢ J١א LאאאאאאD3א5אcK LאאאאאK LאאאK LאאאFאאEאאאK

אא אאאאאאא

אאאאאא

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A

Lאאאאאאא

،אאא؟KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.

- ٢٩ -

LאFאאאEאאאאD3אאאא،אא

אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK؟ LאאW

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK L؟א،אאאF

אאD3E KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٢ J٢א LאאאאD0 אאD1Fאא4a4אcאKE

אאא3DאאK Lאא00אH 0AH

אא אאאאאאא

אאאאאא

00 01 02 03 04 05 06

- ٣٠ -

07 08 09 0A

Lאאאאאאא

،אאא؟KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK LאFאאאEאאאא

אD0،D1אאאאא،אאאאא؟

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

LאאW KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאאא

א ٢٥١ אא א אא

- ٣١ -

אאWאא

אאWאאאאאאאK

אאWאאאאW GאK

אאW١٢אאא

אאW • אא • א

• אאאאK • אאאאאK

- ٣٢ -

אאאFEאאאאאK

١ JאאW ١ J١אאאאW ١ J١ J١אW

אאא،אFBitE

١ J١ J٢אW

אFאE،אFFWordEFByteEE

אW0 1

F٢ J١WEאא

0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

F٢ J٢WEא

- ٣٣ -

١ J١ J٣אאW ،אאאאאאאאFF٢ J٣EE

אא?א?אאKFKB(، وאא?FE?א

אא،אFאאEW

1K = 210 = 1024

Wאא2048K

אWאאאאאא1024 א 2048/1024 = 2

א2K = 2xK = 2x1024 = 2048אא2K א2048??אאK

אאא FאאE

)٢ J٣(Wאא

- ٣٤ -

١ J٢אאאאאאאW אאאאאאFאEא

א،אאאאאאאאאW

אאZ2n

nWאאאאאאאא

אאFKE K 2K 4K 8K

אא2n 210 211 212 213

אאאאא 10 11 12 13 ٢Wאאא2KFאאE

A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11

A12 A13 A14 A15

א אא

A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9

A10 A11

F٢ J٤WEאאאאאא2אK

- ٣٥ -

א٢אאW • אאאאאא • אאא

אאאאFA15 A14 A13 A12E،אא؟א

א،אאאאאאאאאאאK

١ J٣אאW אאאאאL،אאאאאא

،אאאאאאאאאKאאאאאא

אFF٢ J٥EE CS=Chip SelectCE=Chip EnableEN=Enable

אא،אאא0אאK

אאאW אאאאאאא

FאאE،

F٢J٥WEא

- ٣٦ -

WאROMאאאא

١ J٤אאFBinary DecoderE

אאFאEאאאאאאא،אאאא

،אא،אאאאאאאאאW

אZFאאE2

Wא٣א٨

א ROM

א RAM

0v 5v 5v 5v

F٢ J٦WEאא

I2 I1 I0

O0 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7

EN O0 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 I2 I1 I0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1

אא א

F٢J٧WEא٣א٨א

- ٣٧ -

١ J٥אאאFAddress Range MemoryEW אאאאKא

אאאאאא،אאאאא

אאאK

אאאאאאאאאK

١ J٥ J١אאאאאW ١ J٥ J١ J١אאאאROMW אאאIntel8085אאאא

אK אאאZ0000 Hא

אאאFFZאאE J١E16

Hאאאאאא

אאאא אאאא

אאعنوان 0000 0001אאא 0002אאא 0004אאאא

xxxxאאא yyyyאאא

אאא אאא

F٢J٨WEאאא

- ٣٨ -

١ J٥ J١ J٢אאאאRAMW אאRAMאאאאאא

אW אאאZFאאאאEאא

אאאZאאאFFHאאE J١E16

W אאאאאאא

ROMאאאאאאאאK

WאאאאאROMא

RAM،אאKK

אW אאאאROMZ0000 H

אאאאROMZ03FF HFאאאאE

אאאאRAMZ0400 HFאאאאE אאאאRAMZH 07FF H = 03FF H + 0400

אאROM0000 H03FF HW03FF H – 0000 H אאRAM0400 H07FF HW07FF H – 0400 H

- ٣٩ -

١ J٦אאאאאאW אאאאא

،אאאאאאאK،אאאאFאאEW

אאאאא

I2 I1 I0

אאא

O0 O1 O2 O3O4O5O6O7

אאא

F٢ J٩WEאאאאאא

- ٤٠ -

١WאאאאאROMאRAM،אא.K

אW Jאאאאא

אאZKZ210אאאאא10FA9….A0E Jאאאאא

א A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 JאאאאאאFEא

אWA10I0،A11I1،A12I2K Jאאא אFאEA15 A14 A13 אאאאאW

A9 – A0

I2 I1 I0

O0 O1 O2 O3O4O5O6O7

א ROM

א RAM

K A12 A11 A10

A15 A14 A13

F٢ J١٠WEאאאאאא

- ٤١ -

١ J٦ J١אאאאאאאא אאאאW Jאאאאאא

JאFאאEאאא Jאאאאאאאא

אאFE Jאאאאא

אאאאאאאFאE אאאW

GאאאROM

Jאא03אFF H – 0000 HA12=0 A11=0 A10=0אא

JאאאאאO0=1،אאאאאא

JאאאאאאאW

- ٤٢ -

JאאאאאאאאאאאWA15=0 A14=0 A13=0אאFאאEW

A9 – A0

I2 I1 I0

O0 O1 O2 O3O4O5O6O7

א ROM

A12 A11 A10

A15 A14 A13

IO/M אאאאא

F٢ J١١WEאאאאROMאK

A15 A14 A13

F٢J١٢WEאא

- ٤٣ -

GאאאRAM אאאF J JEאRAMאאא

אאO1אא،אאאK

אאF٢ J١٣Eאאא١אK

A9 – A0

I2 I1 I0

EN O0 O1 O2 O3O4O5O6O7

A12 A11 A10

A15 A14 A13

CS א ROM

אאאאא0אv

F٢J١٣WEאאאאאK

CS א RAM

- ٤٤ -

2 WאאאאROMא2KאRAM א.KFאאROMא

אW Jאאאאאאא

אאאK Jאאאאאאאאא

אאא JאאאאROMאאK Jא،אאאאאא

אאאאRAM JאאאאRAMאא

- ٤٥ -

אF٢ J١٤Eאא

A9–A0

A10 – A0

I2 I1 I0

EN O0 O1 O2 O3O4O5O6O7

A13 A12 A11

CS א ROM

אאאאא

F٢J١٤WEאאאאא

CS א RAM

- ٤٦ -

٢ JאאאLאW אאIntel

אאאL،אאW JאאA0A7אאאL،אKאאאאאאא JאאאאW

אא00HFFHאאאאאאא256K

A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7

F٢ J١٥WEאאIntelאאLא

אאאLאאא

- ٤٧ -

WאאאאLא80א HK

אWאאאאאW A7=1 A6=0 A5=0 A4=0 A3=0 A2=0 A1=0 A0=0

א5אvאIO/MIO/M = 1 K אאאאאא

אאאLאK

W א?אLא?אא

א،אאאאא

A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7

F٢ J١٦WEאאIntel אLא80א H

אאאLאאא

- ٤٨ -

٣ JאאFMemory MapE אאFאאEאאא

אאאאאאL،אאאW JאאROM JאאRAM Jאא Jאא אאאאאא

אאK WאאאW - אROM2K - אRAMK - א80 H - אא81 H

אW - אאROMW07FF H – 0000 H - אאRAMW0BFF H – 0800 H Fאאאא

0800 HאROME אאאFWE

- ٤٩ -

٣ J١אאאW אאאאאאא

אאאK

W אאאאאאF٢א J١٧E

אאאאW

F٢J١٧WEאא

0000 H

07FF H 0800 H

0BFF H

XX80 H XX81 H

אאROM

אאRAM

- ٥٠ -

٣ J١ J١אROM FFאHE0001 Eא

0800 = 0001 + 07FFא 0800אא8.162 א(2)3.(24)2 Z2.210

٣ J١ J٢אRAM FFאE JFאHE0001 Eא

0400 = 0001 + 0800 - 0BFFא 0400אא4.1622(24).(22) = 210א

- ٥١ -

١ J؟אאאאאאא

٢ JאLא

٣ J١٢אא،א؟אא ٤ Jא؟אאאא

٥ Jא7FFFH-0000HאROMא،8FFFH-8800H

אRAMK JאאאאאאK

JאאROM JאאRAM

٦ JאROMא2KאRAMא1KK JאאאאאROMאאא0000HK

JאאאאאRAMאאאאאאאROMK

JאאאאאאK

- ٥٢ -

٧ JאאF١٢٣٤EאF٢ J١٨EW

Jאא Jאאאאא

٨ JאאאFא٧Eאא

אROMאאW JאאאCFFFH-C000H אF000H-FFFFH K

JאאאDFFFH-D000H אאאא EFFFH-E000HK

JאאאEFFFH-E000H אאאאDFFFH-D000H K

אאאFEFE؟ - אI2K - אאI1I2K - א٢א٣K

CS O0 O1 O2

I3 O3 I2 O4 I1 O5

A14 A13 A12

CS A11-A0

F٢ J١٨E

- ٥٣ -

٩ JאאF٧EאאאאFאאEאאאאאאW

Jאא١W03FFH-0000H Jאא٢W07FFH-0400H Jאא٣W0BFFH-0800H Jאא٤W0FFFH-0C00H

١٠ JאאאLא

F٢ J١٩EW

١١ JאאאW Jאא4K Jאאא2K Jא12H Jא13H

A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7

F٢ J١٩E

- ٥٤ -

אאW J JאאאאW

אאאאW JאאאFRAM : Random Acces MemoryE JאאFROM : Read Only MemoryE

١ JאאאאW אאאאאW J אאאאאאא8xKFROME J אאאאאאא8xKFRAME J א J א

אאאאאאאK ١ J١אאאאאאW

אאאאא،אאאאאאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאא אאאאאFאאאE

אאFאאE،،אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאFאאאא

אאKEאאאא0000אHK אא،אאאאא

אאF64KEאא8K،אאאא،אא

אאאאאW

- ٥٥ -

א1 אFFF-0000 3FFF-2000 5FFF-4000 7FFF-6000 9FFF-8000

אא BFFF-A000 DFFF-C000 FFFF-E000

- ٥٦ -

٢ JאW ٢ J١אאאאאאFRAME

Lאאאא0000H אאK

L،אאאאאאK Lאאאא0007H-0000HאאאW

J אאא J אFאאאWMEMRE J אאאאאא

FאאאאE. אאאW

אא0000H 0001H 0002H 0003H 0004H 0005H 0006H 0007H

אאאאK

א؟KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אאאאאאK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٢ J٢אאאאאאW LאאאאFאאEא 0006H-0000H אאW

J אאא J אא J אFאאWMEMWE

אאאא0000H0001H0002H0003H0004H0005H0006H

א DB01D302 C3 00 00

- ٥٧ -

L،אאאאאאאאא؟ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאאאאאK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

LאאאאאFELאאא،W

אאאא 0000H0001H 0002H 0003H 0004H 0005H 0006H

אאאDB 01 D3 02 C3 00 00

אאא

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאאאאאK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٢ J٣אאאאאFROMEW LאאFRAMEאFROMEאאאא،

אאא0004אH-0000H אאא،W אא0000H0001H 0002H 0003H 0004H

Lא،אאאאאאW

אא0000H 0001H 0002H 0003H 0004H

א א؟KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- ٥٨ -

אאאאאאK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

Lאאאאא0אAHא0000Hא،אאFאאאE،א؟

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אאאאאאK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- ٥٩ -

Lאאאא אW

JאWאא،אאאאאK אאאאאא

אK JאWאא،א

אאFאאאKE

אאאK

١ JאאW אאאאFE

אFאE،אאW JWאK JאWאאK

- ٦٠ -

١ J١אאאW ١ J١ J١אF8bit parallele outputE

אאאW

אאאFB7 B6-----B1 B0Eאאאא،אאאאאאא

،אאאFאאEאאאFאאא

0v5vאאאאKE

Jאאאא אאאאאאאאא،

אאFאאאאEאאאFאאאKE

- ٦١ -

LאאאאאאאK א،אאאאא

אאאאFאאאאEאאא،K

אאאאאאA7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 אאאאW

אאא

אאFאEA7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0

אא 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

אאא0

אא א1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

- ٦٢ -

W ١ JאאאאW

אאאאא

٢ JאאאK

- ٦٣ -

٢ J١ J٢F (8 bit parallel input אאW

אאאFB7 B6-----B1 B0Eאאאא

א،אאאאאא،אLow level = 0vאאאאHigh level = 5vK

אאאאאFאא0v5vאאא

אKE אאאאאא

אFאאאאאKE

W B7 B6-----B1 B0

High level : 1 Low level : 0

אאא

- ٦٤ -

٢ JאW ٢ J١אאW LאאאאאאB5HK FאאאאאE

LאאאאאK LאאאאW

J אאאאאאK J אאאאFאא

אE J אאאאIOWK

אאאW אאאאאא

B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0א

אאא 0CH 0AH 11H 0BH 0CH

Lא،אאאאאW

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK LאאאFאEאאא

אאK א؟

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKא LאאB5Hאאאא

אFאEאאאאאK א؟

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKא

- ٦٥ -

٢ J٢אW Lאאאאאא5CHK FאאאאאE

LאאאאK LאאאאW

J אאאא J 11Hאאאא

FאאאאE J אאא??אIORK

אIORאאW JFE؟אאא

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK JאאאFאE،א؟

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Jא

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK LאאאאאK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

LאאאאIOR،אאאא؟א

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Jא

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- ٦٦ -

٢ J٣אאW LאאאאאאW

Jאא09Hאאאא12H،אאאאאא13HK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK LאאאK

- ٦٧ -

אאWא

אאWאאK

אאWאאאאW GאאK

GאאאאK GאאK

אאW١٢אאא

• אא • א

• אK • אאK

- ٦٨ -

א،אאא Intel 8085אK

١ JאאאW אאאW

)٣J١(Wא

- ٦٩ -

אאאאאK

W JאWאאאאK JאWאאK

אאאאאFHLT : HaltEאאFאKE

א FH١E

אא א(2)

א RESET

)٣ J٢(W

- ٧٠ -

٢ Jאא ٢ J١

אא،אאW ،אאאFאE

אאאאאאאאF0000אHE،אאאאאאאאאW

אW JאאFאאEאא

אאאאאFאאאאאאKE JאאאאאאK J،אאאאאאאאא

אאK JאאF8אByteEא

אאאאK JאWאFmicro-instructionsE،

אאאאאKאאאאאאאאאא

אאK אאאF٣ J٣EK

- ٧١ -

٢ J٢אא

،אאאFHEFLEאאIntel 8085 K

א אא אאא

)٣ J٣(Wאא،א،א

- ٧٢ -

אאאW אא،אאאאאFWEFZE

אא(Program Counter = PC)אFHLEאא١٦FאאאאאאאאKE

W0012H אאאFאKE

JאאWאאאאאאW JאאByteאאאאFZE JאאByteאאאאFWE

WאByte אLeastאByte אMost

JאאWאאאאא

00 12 W Z

אאF١٦16 bit E

Program Counter

FStack PointerE F١٦E

W(8) Z(8)

B(8) C(8)

D(8) E(8)

H(8) L(8)

אא F١٦E

Address Register

F٣J٤WEאאא

- ٧٣ -

JאאWאאאאאאא

אא 00 12

00 13 אא

00 12 אא אאאא

- ٧٤ -

٣ JאIntel 8085WאFאEאFאאEW ٣ J١WאW

אאאאW J אא١٦F16-bitE

J F،אאאאאאKא??אאKE

J6 WBC ،DE ،HLK J WWZ J A8אא(Accumulator)Wאאא

J،אאאFאא٣ J١E

٣ J٢WאW ،אאאאאאאIntel

JאאאאאF1 ByteE JאאאאF2 BytesE JאאאאאF3 BytesE

אאאאFOperation CodeKE

- ٧٥ -

Wא אFאE אאאW

אא022A אJMP 022A،אאאאאK

،אאאאאאאC3אאא،W

אByteא אByteא

אאאאאא

F٣ J٥EWאאאIntel 8085A

JMP addr

אאאאאFJMP : JUMPE

- ٧٦ -

٣ J٣אW ٣ J٣ J١אאאW

אאאאW Jאאא JאByteאאאאאאFZE JאByteאאאאאאFWE

٣ J٣ J٢אאW אאאאW

Jאאא JאאאאFZE

11000011

00101010

00000010

אא JMP

אByte אאא אByte אאא

אאא

)٣ J٦EWJMP 022A

- ٧٧ -

٣ J٣ J٣אW אאאאK

אFEאא

٤ JאאW אאאאK

אאאאאאאאאK אאאאW

JאאאאLאK JאאאאאK JאאאאK

٤ J١אאאאLאW ٤ J١ J١אאLאאW

אאאאW

אאאW

Lאאא (Port)אאאFאEAK אאאאW

(A) (Port)

AאWאא إخراج/عنوان جهاز إدخال

אאאא

- ٧٨ -

WאאאIntel 8085AK

WIN 82 Wאאאאא

אאא

DBאIN 82 אא

11011011

10000010

IN Port

)Input(

- ٧٩ -

4 J١ J٢אאאLאW אאאאW

אאאW

אאאאFPortE אאאאW

W OUT 80 אאאאאW

(A) (Port)

AאWאא إخراج/عنوان جهاز إدخال

אאאא

OUT Port

אFOutputE

- ٨٠ -

٤ J٢אאאאאW ٤ J٢ J١אW

אאאאאא،אאאאאאאאK

FWE، WאFאE WאFאE

٤ J٢ J١ J١אאא rא אאאאW

D3אOUT 80אא

אאא

10110011 10000000

- ٨١ -

WMOV B,M

٤ J٢ J١ J٢אאאאאW

אאאאW

(r ) (H,L) MOV r,M

אאאא א(H,L)

אאإلى السجل المسمى א אאא

אFHLE

אא אxx אאאאB

אB xx

אאאא

MOV M,r (H,L) (r)

- ٨٢ -

אאאFrEFאE،אאאFHLEאאK

WMOV M,C

٤ J٢ J٢אאW

אאאאאK ٤ J٢ J٢ J١אאאאW

אאאW

אאFdataEאאאאFH,LE

00100101

אאאא

א(HL) 4012

אאאCאאאאFHLE

MVI M,data (HL) (data)

- ٨٣ -

WMVI M,02

W אאMOV M,rMVI M,dataאאF

אEאאא(HL)K ٤ J٢ J٢ J٢אW

אאאאאאW

אאdataF8אEאאr

אאא

)HL(محتوى

MVI r,data (r) (data)

- ٨٤ -

WMVI D,54 54אאאDK

אא16א،אאאאאW

(rp) data 16 LXI rp,data 16

אF16אEאאrpאאrpK

אאאאאאK

WLXI B,0142 0142אאאBCK 42אאCא01אBK

٤ J٣אאאאW

אFE،אאאאאWMOVאא،W

אFr2EאאFr1E

W MOV B,AאFAEאאFBE

(B) (A) MOV B,A

MOV r1,r2 (r1) (r2)

- ٨٥ -

אאא אאא

MOV B,A

- ٨٦ -

٥ JאאאW אא،אא

אאאאא،אאא (8 bit) אKאא(F)

(Flag)אאW

אא 7 6 4 2 0

א S Sign

Z Zero

AC Auxiliary

P Parity

CY Carry

א א א א א א אא0א1Fא1א،35KE ٥ J١אW

JאWאאאאא1אאAK Wא04אB 05אFA-BEא،-01KF J?E?אאא7FאEאא1K JאWאא1אאא

JאWא1אאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

S Z A P CY C

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

- ٨٧ -

Wא0EאB02אFA+BE

FD3KEאאFD4Eאאא JאWאא1אאאאFE

K JאWא1אאאאAא

אאFFFE WאFFאB10אא

(A) + (B)

אא0א1Fא1א،35KE

אאא(A)אאאאאא

א00001110 אB00000010 H

א00010000Z

א11111111 אB10000000H

א01111111Z

- ٨٨ -

٥ J٢אW אFאE،א

אW JאאW …………..ANA r ; ANI data ; XRI data ; ORA JאאW ………………………..CMP r ; CPI data ; SUB r ٥ J٣אW

אאאאאאא،K

- ٨٩ -

٦ JאFFlowchartE אאאאא،אKאאאאאאK

אאFProgram FlowWE אאאאK

FProcessWE אאאאאא

FPredefined ProcessE אאאא

אFDecisionWE אאאאאאא

- ٩٠ -

אאWאאW

- ٩١ -

٧ J )Branch Instructions( אאאאאאFאאE

אא،אאאאW

JאFJUMP InstructionsE JאאFCALL InstructionsE

٧ J١אFJMP : JUMPEW ٧ J١ J١אW

אאאWJMP addr אJMP אאFאE،addrאאאK

אאאא

אאא

- ٩٢ -

JMP F021

אאאF021K ٧ J١ J٢אW

אאאW

addr>J<

J،אאאאאאאאFaddrE،אאאא

FאאאE

0022 0023 0024

אאאא

F021א

- ٩٣ -

WאJump if Zero : JZ אWאאאFאאEא

אאאאאאK JZ 0023

א0023א אאאאK WאJump if Not Zero : JNZ

אWאאאFאאEאאאאאאאK

JNZ 01A2 א01אA2 אאאאK

א(Jump if Positive) JP (Jump if Negative) JN א

אאFEאאא12

אFEאאא13

- ٩٤ -

אאאW ١ JאאFEאאאא12H ٢ JאאFEאאאא13H ٣ JאאFEאאאאאW

GאFEאאא GאFEאאאאא

FEאאאאאW GאFEאא١ J GאFEאאאאאK

٧ J٢אאW

אאאW

CALL addr

אaddrאFsubroutineKEאא

אאאKאאא،אFRETURNEא،אאאאאאא

- ٩٥ -

אאא

F٤ J٧WEא

- ٩٦ -

٨ JאאאאW ٨ J١אאW

אאא،אאאא،אF٤א J٨E

אאאFHI-LO SYSTEM UNIVERSAL PROGRAMMER & TESTERE

אאאא،אאFאאEא

٨ J١אאW אאאאא

F٨א J٥Eאאאא??،אאאאאאאK

F٤ J٨WEאאROM

- ٩٧ -

F٤ J٩WEאאROM

אאא

- ٩٨ -

١ JאאאאאK؟

٢ JאאאK

٣ JאHLT؟

٤ Jאאאאאאאאא

٥ JאאאROM؟ ٦ JאאFmicro-instructionsKE

٧ J א0125Hאאאאא،א

אאZ W ؟

٨ JאWא،،Byte،אאByteא

אאאאאW Jאאא

Jאא Jאאא

25 01 01 25

W Z W Z

- ٩٩ -

٩ JאאאאאW J(A) (Port) ; (A) (Port) J MOV

r,M JMOV r1,r2 אW١ JאK

٢ JאאאאK ٣ JאאאK

٤ JאאAא ٥ JאאאA

١٠ JאאאאK ١١ Jאאאאאאאא؟

MVI M,45 ; LXI D,F001 ; MOV A,C ; MOV M,E ; MVI D,FC ; MOV C,M ١٢ J JאMOV A,B אKKKKKKKKKKא

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK JאMOV B,MKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK JאMVI C,1A אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

Jאא1אDאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

١٣ JאאאK

S Z A P CY C

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

- ١٠٠ -

١٤ JFA-BE אאא6אאאF١٣E؟K

١٥ JאK ١٦ JאאאW

אאא12אHאB،אאאאא13HK

١٧ JאFJMPE،א؟א ١٨ Jאא01FE אאJMP 01FE؟ ١٩ J؟אאא ٢٠ JאאאW

JMP ABCDH ; JMP 012FH ; JMP 12H ; JMP 158GH ; JZ 00FFH ; JP 012FH JM AFF0H ; JMP 013HK

٢١ J،אאאאאאאא

אאFאאא0000HאE Wאאאאאא80Hא81H

אK JאאאK

Jאאא11HW Gאא01Hאאא

11HK GאאאK

- ١٠١ -

JאאאאF1Hא

JאאאאFאא0032HKE Jאא21H , 0BH , 03HאאK

GאAאK Jא22H،אאK

- ١٠٢ -

١ JאאאאW

١ J١אאW אאאא

FAssembly languageE،אאאאאאIntel 8085K

،אאאאאאW

JאאIN FInputE

JאאאאOUTאFOutputKE

JאאאאאJMPאFJumpKE

אאאאאאFאאEאא،א

אLאאאאK

١ J٢אאא ١ J٢ J١אא

JאFCPU Intel 8085AE Jאא8xK RAM Jא J Jא

- ١٠٣ -

JאFאE ١ J٢ J٢אאW אאאאאאإن

אאאW

Lא J ON/OFFאON J אW

JHLT/RUNHLT JADDR.STOPאFEOFF JאאאאאאאאK

Jא،אאאאאאK

LאאW

J ON/OFFאOFFFאאאאאE

J אאHLT/RUNRUN

LאאאאאאW J ON/OFFאOFFFאא

אאאE JאאHLT/RUNRUN

J אאאSTEPא

- ١٠٤ -

٢ JאW ٢ J١אאW LאאאאW

אא אאFאE J

0000H 0001H 0002H 0003H 0004H 0005H 0006H

DB12 D3 13 C3 00 00

IN 12 *

OUT 13

Lאאא Lאאאאאא

אאW אאאא

00 01 02 03 04 05

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK JאאIN؟

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Jאא؟א

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK J؟OUT؟

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- ١٠٥ -

JאאאאOUT؟KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

J؟אא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

JאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אאאאאאK

אאאאאW Jא Jא

אאאא?א?א،אאאא?א?אא(IN) (OUT)אאא،א

אאא،א،אאאא?א?א

אאא،אאW

* IN 12 אאאאא

OUT 13

אא ?א? D3 13 C3 00 00 אא

0000H 0001H 0002H 0003H 0004H 0005H 0006H 0007H

אא אא

- ١٠٦ -

J٢אW LאאW

אא אאFאE

0000H 0001H 0002H 0003H 0004H 0005H 0006H 0007H

DB12 3C D3 13 C3 00 00

IN 12 *

INR A OUT 13

LאאאאאW

אאאא00 01 02 03 04 05

J؟אאאאא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

J؟אאא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

Jאאאאאא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

J ؟א J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

LאאW

- ١٠٧ -

אא אאFאE J

0000H 0001H 0002H 0003H 0004H 0005H 0006H 0007H

DB12 3D D3 13 C3 00 00

IN 12 *

DCR A OUT 13

LאאאאאW

אאאא06 05 04 03 02 01

Jאאאא؟א

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Jאא؟א

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

Jא؟ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- ١٠٨ -

٢ J٣אW LאאW

אא אאFאE J

0000H 0001H 0002H 0003H 0004H 0005H 0006H 0007H 0008H

DB12 C6 05 D3 13 C3 00 00

IN 12 *

ADI 05

OUT 13

LאאאאאW

אאאא

00 01 02 03 04 05

Jאאאאא؟

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Jאאא؟ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

Jאאאאא؟א KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

Jא؟ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- ١٠٩ -

J אא05אא؟א KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

LאאW אא אאFאE

0000H 0001H 0002H 0003H 0004H 0005H 0006H 0007H 0008H

DB12 D6 05 D3 13 C3 00 00

IN 12 *

SUI 05

OUT 13

LאאאאאW אאאא

0A 09 08 07 06 05

Jאאאא؟א KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

Jאא؟א KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

Jא؟ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

Jאא05אא؟א KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- ١١٠ -

٢ J٤אFRegisterEאא LאאאאאאFאא0010HE

JאאאאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK LאאW

אא אאFאE J

0000H 0001H 0002H 0003H 0004H 0005H

3E55 32 00 10 76

MVI A,55

STA 0010

Jאאאאאא0010H א؟אא

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Lאאא0001אH0A

אאאFELFEL Jא؟

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK JאMVI A؟

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK JאאאאMVI A؟

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK JאאMVI A؟

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

- ١١١ -

JאSTA ؟ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

JאאאאSTA ؟ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK JאאSTA ؟

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK J א؟א

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאאאאא

א ٢٥١ אאא א אאא

- ١١٢ -

אאאWאאא

אאWאאאK

אאWאאאאW GאאK

GאאאאK

אאW١٢אאא

אאW • אא • א

• אאאK

- ١١٣ -

אאאאאאאאK

١ JאאאW ١ J١א16א bitsW ١ J١ J١א8088-8086אW

אא1978א،16א20 FאאאAD15-AD0E،א

אאF1018576 = 220E،אאאFאאIntel 8085EFQuartzE

4.77MHz10אMHzK

١ J١ J٢א80286אFאiAPX 286EW אא16א24אW

Jאא אא Jאא6MHzא20MHzא JאאW

F٤ J١WEא 8086

- ١١٤ -

Gאאאא1048576אK Gאאאא?F?Virtual MemoryE

אאאא،16777216 = 224،אאאF24EאאאFHard DiskE

١ J٢א32א bits:

אאאאאאאאאFא??אא32אE،

١ J٢ J١אאאFVirtual MemoryEW אאאאאאא

FאאאאאאאאEאאאאאא،??،

אאאאאFאאאE،אאאאאאאאאK

F٤ J٢WE80286

- ١١٥ -

١ J٢ J٢אאאאFPaging Virtual MemoryEW אאאאאא

אאאאאK

WאאFאEאWindows XPאאא

Pagefile.sys אאאאאFc:/Pagefile.sysKE

F٤J٣WEאאאאא

- ١١٦ -

١ J٢ J٣אאא32א bits אא80386אא4294967296 = 232אא

Fאא32KE

אאאאא،אW

א א 386 DX 40 MHz – 16 MHz 386 SX 33 MHz – 16 MHz 386 SL 20 MHz – 25 MHz

١ J٢ J٤אאאא32 bits אאIntel 80486אאFאאא

486אDXאF٤ J٥EEW Gא32FאאאאE Gאא٣٢ Gא50MHz – 33 – 20אK אF1994 – 1989EIntelFאEא

אW 486SX2 – 486DX4 – 486EX – 486DX2 – 487SX – 486SXSF – ULP486SX – 486SX

F٤ J٤WEאIntel 80386

- ١١٧ -

١ J٢ J٥אאא32א bitsW אא1993IntelאFאx86E

א??PentiumW

אאאאאW

G64אא??אK GאאאאאK

F٤ J٥WEאi486 DX 50MHz

אא32

א64 IntelInside

pentium

F٤ J٦WE??pentium

- ١١٨ -

GאK GאFcycleKE

١ J٢ J٦אאאא32א bitsW א1995אFNetworkE،א

אאאאFmasterEאאאאא،א?F?slaveEאא

אאאאK א?F?Pentium ProKE

אאאא????א

200MHzF2007אאאאאGHzKE

אא אאא

F٤ J٧WEא??Pentium Pro

- ١١٩ -

٢ Jא: אW

JאאאאW א(Tower)،א(Monitor)،א(Keyboard)،א(Mouse)K

JאאאאאאW

،א،א،א?Quartz?،،אא?Bios?،א،،אאא،א،אא،א،אא،א

،אאאאא،אאאאFאF٤ J٩EE

F٤ J٨WEאאא

F٤J٩WEאאאא

אא אא אאא

אאא

- ١٢٠ -

٢ J١אאאW ٢ J١ J١אW

א220110אאאאF5،+12-12E،אאא.

٢ J١ J٢אW

אאאאאאא،אא،،אאאאאאאאא

אאאאK

F٤ J١٠WEא

- ١٢١ -

٢ J١ J٣אW

אאא،אאאאא،אאאא

،א??אK

٢ J١ J٤א?Quartz?W ،אאא

אאאאאאאאK

Wאא200MHz؟א

F٤ J١١WEא

אאא אא

אFאE

F٤J١٢WEאאאא

- ١٢٢ -

אא200000000FEF01EאK

אאאאK

٢ J١ J٥אאאW ٢ J١ J٥ J١אאאאאאאאW

٢ J١ J٥ J١ J١אא SIMMF(Single In-line Memory ModuleW

FאEאאאאאאאאאאאאא

(Dynamic RAM) DRAMW

٢ J١ J٥ J١ J٢אא(Static RAM) SRAMW

،אאאאאאאאאאאאאK

F٤ J١٣WEאאאSIMM

- ١٢٣ -

٢ J١ J٥ J١ J٣אא(Video RAM) VRAMW אאאאאאDRAM،

אא?אא?(Video Card) ٢ J١ J٥ J٢אאאאאאא(Read Only Memory) ROMW

،אאא?א? (Basic Input Output System) BIOS

٢ J١ J٦?א?(Basic Input Output System) BIOSW

?א?،אאאאאאאאאאאאאאאאK

٢ J١ J٧אW

א?Cadmium-Nickel??Lithium?،אאא،אאא

٢ J١ J٨אאW אאאאאא

אאאאאאאא(Serial – Parallel Port)

- ١٢٤ -

٢ J١ J٩א(Graphics Card)W

אאאאאאאא،(Video Graphics Array) VGA(Super VGA) SVGAK

٢ J١ J٩אאאאW

אאאאאא1.44MoK

א אא

(DRAM)

אאKKK

F٤ J١٤WEאא

אאא

F٤J١٥WEא(Graphics Card)

- ١٢٥ -

אאFאE??א?א?،אאאאא

אאK א(Format)אאאאא٨א

אא،אאאאא،אאF٤ J١٦EאK

٢ J١ J١٠אאW

אאא،אאאאאא

،אאאאאאאאא?א?KאאאאאאF

אE،אאא(ms)K אאאאאאאאK

אF٤ J١٦WEאאאא

- ١٢٦ -

٢ J١ J١١אאא א

،א??אאK

٢ J٢אאW ٢ J٢ J١אW

אאאא،אאאאאא

א אאא

אF٤J١٧WEאא

אF٤ J١٨WEאא

- ١٢٧ -

JאאPixel،אאאF٢٦٠E،אאאאK

Jאא?inchF?inchZ٥٤٢E،١٤אinchא١٥١٧אאאK

Jאא،70אHzאא60Hz

٢ J٢ J٢אW ٢ J٢ J٢ J١א?א?W

אאאאא،א،א

?א?،א??1،א??0אא،FאEK

אF٤J١٩WEא

- ١٢٨ -

٢ J٢ J٢ J٢א?א?W

אאאאאאאK א،אאאאא

אאאא،אאאאאאאאאK

אאאאאK

٢ J٢ J٢ J٣א?א?W א?א?אW

Jאאאא אאאאא

אF٤J٢٠WEאא

- ١٢٩ -

Jאאbluetooth אאאbluetooth،bluetooth

?אאF?WPAN : Wireless Personal Area NetworkE،אאאK

Jאאא אאא،אאK

٢ J٢ J٣אW

אאFE،אאאאאא(microcontroller)אא

אאאא،אאאאאא

،אאאאאK

אF٤J٢١WEאאאא

- ١٣٠ -

،אאאאאא

אBluetooth

אF٤ J٢١WEא א אא

אאא

- ١٣١ -

א ١ Jא?16 bits?؟ Jאא16אא

Jאא16א JK

٢ Jאאא؟ J10MHz

J20MHz

٣ Jאא?אאא?؟ ٤ J?אאא?אא؟א ٥ Jא?Quartz?

٦ Jאאאאא333MHz؟

٧ Jא(Bios)؟

٨ Jאאא؟א

٩ Jאא٤א

١٠ Jאא אK ١١ JאאK ١٢ JאאK

- ١٣٢ -

אאW אאאאאא

אאאאK אאא

،אאK

- ١٣٣ -

١ JאאW JאW

MFAאאא،אאאאאK

JאW אאאאFאאE

Jאאא64KK JאאאK

א אא

אאא

F٤ J٢٢WEא

- ١٣٤ -

٢ Jא אאאאאW

GאאאאאאאW Jאא12Hאא،13H JאאאאK GאאאאאאאאK GCMD>|אאאא GאאאWMemory,Load,Save,Go, AssemblerKKKKKK

Gאא"NO"אא"Do you want to restart (Y/N)" ١ J،אאאאאW JאאאאאW،אאאאא،אאאK

JאאMFAFא??MFAE KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK..א؟

Jא؟אKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK JאAssemblerאFF800HאאE

Wא"Enter"א KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאאא؟

Jא"GO" JאאאאאאK JFEאFEאאאאK

אאא؟KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אאAssembler؟KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

٢ JאאאאW Jאאא J JK

Jא"SAVE"אFא

- ١٣٥ -

"My Documents"אאאאאKE

٣ JאאאאאאK JאFאMFAE،Fא

E Jא"LOAD"אאFא

My DocumentsE Jאאאאאאאא

אאK ٤ Jאאא،אאW JאאאאאW،אא،אאאא

אאK JאאMFAFא??MFAE J"Memory"

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKא؟ א؟אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK JאאאאאאאFאא

EאאאK Wאאאא"space"K JאאאאאאאK ٥ JאאאW

אאאאאא،א)א5vE

אK J אאאFאאאאאאא12HE J אאאD0 אאאא

- ١٣٦ -

Jאאאא MVI A,01 OUT 12 END

א؟KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK JאאW

* MVI A,01 OUT 12

** MVI A,FF DCR A

JNZ ** MVI A,00 OUT 12

*** MVI A,FF DCR A

JNZ *** JMP *

؟אאKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

אאאא

- ١٣٧ -

אאWאאK

אאWאאאאK

אאWאאאאW GאאאK

GאאאK GאאאאK

אאW٨אאא

• אא • א

• אאאK

- ١٣٨ -

אאאא?א?אאK

١ JאW

א????א،אFאEאBits Bytes

،א،،אKKK אא،אאאW

Jאא JאWאBitsאא JאאWאאאא

١ J١א(Simplex transmission)W א،אא

אאK W

אאאFאאאE אאאFאאאE

F٥J١WEא(Simplex transmission)

- ١٣٩ -

١ J٢א(Half-duplex transmission)W אאא

،אאא،אאאאאK

١ J٣א(Full-duplex transmission)W

אאאאK

١ J٤אאא(Parallel transmission)W אאאByteFא8 BitsE،

אאאאאאאאאK

אאאא

אאאאאLPT FLPT = Line Printer Port ; Parallel Printer PortE

אאאאא

F٥ J٢WEאאא

- ١٤٠ -

١ J٥אא(Serial Transmission)W אא????א،א

אאא Jא JאאK

W אאאאאא

אאאאאאאאFאEא،א

אאW W

אאאאאFUSB, COME ١ J٦אא(Asynchronous transmission)

W אאK

אאאאאF?E?א

(START bit)א??א(STOP bit)K א??א??אK

F٥J٣WEאא

- ١٤١ -

W ٨א??(Byte)،א١٠א??،אא

אאאאאאאW

١ J٧אאא(Synchronous transmission)W

אאFאאEאSYNC אא،א

אאאאאאאאK אאFאEא

אאK אאSYNCא1000FEאאאK

START bit STOP bit

٨??א

11010001

F٥J٤WEא 10001011אא

- ١٤٢ -

(00000111) (00111001)

F٥ J٥WEאאא

- ١٤٣ -

٢ JאאאאW ?אZא?אאא

אא(Ports)،W

- אאSerial Port RS232 - אאאParallel Port - אא(Universal Serial Bus) USB

٢ J١אאא(LPT = Line Printer Port ; Parallel Printer Port)

،אאאאאאאאאאא5v 0v،אא٢٥אאאאW

F٥ J٦WEאאאאDB25א

- ١٤٤ -

٢ J١ J١אאאאאW אאאW

٢ J١ J١ J١FEא(Data Register) W א٢א٩א،

אא٨א??(Byte)K אאאאא0x378K

WאF1HאאאאC

F٥ J٧WEאאא

OutPortb(0x378,0xF1);

אאא

- ١٤٥ -

٢ J١ J١ J٢א(Control)W אאא١،١٤،١٦١٧א،

אאא4Bits אאאאא0x37AK אF٥ J٧Eא١،١٤١٦אאא

אאא،א(D3-D2-D1-D0)א אFאאאאא0

אאאEK

WאX4HאאC

٢ J١ J١ J٣א(Status)W

אא١٠،١١،١٢،١٣א١٥א،אא٥א?K?

אאאאא0x379K אF٥ J٧Eא١٠אאא

אאא،אא(D7-D6-D5-D4-D3)א אFאאאאE

OutPortb(0X37A, 0x0F)

אאאאאאאא

- ١٤٦ -

WאאאאאC

אאאאD7FאאEאאK

٢ J٢אאSerial Port RS232

،אאאאאא٢٥FאאאE٩FאאEא

אאאW

Byte = InPortb(0x379)

אאאאא

F٥ J٨WEא٩א DB9

- ١٤٧ -

٤אא (Communication)COM4,COM3, COM2,COM1א،אאאא

אW (COM1) 0x3F8 ،(COM2) 0x2F8، (COM3) 0x3E8،(COM4) 0x2E8

٢ J٢ J١אאאW

אאאאא،אאאא +7.5v - +15v-7.5v - -15v،אאאאאא

אא+5v0vאא، MAX 232

٢ J٢ J١ J١אאW

אאאאאאאCFאE،אאא

F٥J٩WEאאMAX 232

- ١٤٨ -

א١W א אא

hPort=CreateFile(pSerialConfig->ComPort,

GENERIC _READ| GENERIC_WRITE, 0,

אא(COM1)

אאאא

אא FאE

١Wאא hPort=CreateFile(pSerialConfig->ComPort, GENERIC _READ| GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,NULL);

٢Wאא

void CloseSerialPort() if (hPort!=NULL)

CloseHandle(hPort); hPort=NULL;

- ١٤٩ -

٢ J٣אא(Universal Serial Bus) USBW אאאאא،אאאFאאאRS232E،אאאא

אאאUSB1.1USB2.0אאW

٢ J٣ J١אW

אאאאW JאWאאF،א،אEK JאWאאFEKKKKKKKKKKKK

אUSB1.1

12 Mbits/s

1.5 Mbits/s

אUSB2.0 480 Mbits/s

אF٥ J١٠WEאאUSB

- ١٥٠ -

٢ J٣ J٢אאUSBW

אאאאא١15w، א"USB Hub"אאK

אאאאא??FאE

?א?(token ring)W

1 - א(+5v)(VBUS)

2 - א ، (D-) 3 - ،א(D+) 4 - ،א(GND)

אF٥ J١٠WEאאUSB

USB Hub

אF٥ J١١WEאUSB א"USB Hub"

- ١٥١ -

אאאא(1ms)،אאאא?א?אא?א?א

،אאאאאא7אF7bitsE،אא?א?אאאW

JאF8255?E?אא?א? J?א?אא?אK?

א7א،אאא 128 Fאא0127=27 Eאא،0אא،

אאא"USB Hub"127 K

אF٥ J١٢WE?א?token ring

- ١٥٢ -

٣ JאW אאאאא

אאFאאאEאאא،CאK

אאאאא

אאא،אאאאWJAVA,ADA,PHP,C++,C,FORTRAN,COBOL,PASCAL,BASIC א

، ،אא.

אאאאאאא،אאאאאK

٣ J١אW

אאK א

אFאE،אאא،אאFאEא

].exeאא[אאאא،FאאKE

א א ??

אF٥ J١٣WEא

- ١٥٣ -

٣ J٢אW אאאאא

אאאאאאאאא،FאאEאאאאאK

٣ J٣אאאאW

אאאאאאאאאאW

א אא אLא BASIC א

C א א

C++ אאא

FORTRAN א א

MATLAB א א

MATHEMATICAא א

PASCAL א א

JAVA א אאCOBOL א א

- ١٥٤ -

אW ١ JאאאאK

٢ JאאאאK

٣ JאאאאK

٤ J،אאאאאRS232،אאUSB؟

٥ JאאRS232אUSB؟

٦ J؟אאאאא

٧ Jאאאאאא

٨ Jאאoutportb(0x378,0xdata)؟

٩ J؟אאאאאא

١٠ JאאאMAX232K ١١ JאאאUSB Hub؟ ١٢ JאאאאאUSB Hub ١٣ Jאא٤אאאא ١٤ J؟אאא

- ١٥٥ -

אאW אאאאC،א

אאאאאK

W JאCאאאK JאאC-Free 3.5א

http://www.bestsoftware4download.com/download/t-free-c-free-download-bonbwrdh.html FאCE

JאאאאאאאאאK

JאC-Free 3.5אאK

١ JאאWא

JאWאאאא

Jאאאא،אW

- ١٥٦ -

١ JאProject א

٢ Jאא Empty Project

٣ JאFileNew

٤ Jאא

٥ JאFile(save)אאא.C

٦ Jאsource filesאאאאAdd Files to this Folder

א.Cאא

٧ Jא

- ١٥٧ -

#include <stdio.h> void main () Printf("It's the first step to learn practically the C language \n");

٢ JאאWאאFאE

#include <stdio.h> void main () char name[50]=""; printf("What's your name ?\n"); scanf("%s",name); printf ("Hello%s !\n",name);

٣ JאאWאאFF١٠EE

#include <stdio.h> void main () char name[50]=""; int i; for (i=1;i<=10;i++)

printf("What's your name ?\n"); scanf("%s",name); printf ("Hi….. %s !\n",name);

- ١٥٨ -

٤ JאאאWאאF٢אE

#include"conio.h"#include"dos.h"

#define PORT 0x378

void main() outportb(PORT, 0x01); delay(5000); outportb(PORT, 0x00); delay(5000);

1 kΩ 2

א ٢٥١ א

א אאWא

١ Jאא ١ ٢ Jאא ٢ ٣ Jאאא ١٢ א ١٥ אא ١٨ Jאאאא ١٨ Jאאאא ٢٦

אאWאא

١ Jאא ٣٠ ٢ Jאאאא ٤٤ ٣ Jאא ٤٦ א ٤٩ אא ٥٢ Jאאאא ٥٢ Jאאאא ٥٧

אאWא

١ Jאאא ٦٦ ٢ Jאא ٦٨ ٣ JאIntel 8085A Wאא ٧٢ ٤ Jאא ٧٦ ٥ Jאאא ٨٥ ٦ Jא ٨٨ ٧ J ٩٠

א ٢٥١ א

٨ Jאאא ٩٥ א ٩٧

אא ١٠٠ ١ Jאאא ١٠٠ ٢ JאWא ١٠٢

אאאWאאא

١ Jאאא ١٠٥ ٢ Jא ١١٦ א ١٢٨ אא ١٣٠ ١ Jאא ١٣١ ٢ JאWאאא ١٣٢

אאWאא

١ Jא ١٣٥ ٢ Jאאאאא ١٤٠ ٣ Jא ١٥٠ א ١٥٢ אא ١٥٤

microprocessors (arabic)

jw w j w

j j j j j j j j jw j

j j ic

jw j jw

motorolaek w jwk w jk

jf01e w

w wmemr

j fek w fek

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