MELJUN CORTES CSC 15 Intro. to Information System
Post on 28-Jan-2015
103 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Transcript
Information Society
MELJUN CORTESMELJUN CORTES
Computer Competency
The user feel comfortable using and operating a computer
Be able to make the computer work for him through judicious development or use of software
Be able to interact with the computers
Computer Competency
Understand the impact of computers on society, now and in the future
Be an intelligent consumer of computers and computer equipment, collectively called hardware
Be an intelligent consumer of computer-related products and services.
What is a COMPUTER?
Technically speaking, a COMPUTER is a counting device
It has the function of a CALCULATOR
But a CALCULATOR is not considered as a COMPUTER.
Where do we used computers
GraphicsRetailingEnergyPaperworkTransportationLaw enforcementMoneyAgriculture
GovernmentEducationAt HomeHealth & MedicineRoboticsThe SciencesConnectivityTraining
COMPUTER an electronic device capable of interpreting & executing programmed commands for input, output, computation & logic operation.
USES:
INFORMATION SYSTEMS/DATA PROCESSING
PERSONAL COMPUTING
SCIENCE, RESEARCH & ENGINEERING
PROCESS/DEVICE CONTROL
EDUCATION & REFERENCE
COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN
ENTERTAINMENT & EDUTAINMENT
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
COMMUNICATIONS
How do we use COMPUTERS?
ISPCSREPCDEDUCCADENTAI
INFORMATION SYSTEM/DP
PERSONAL COMPUTING
SCIENCE,RESEARCH,ENGINEERING
PROCESS/CONTROL DEVICE
COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN
EDUCATION
ENTERTAINMENT
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
STRENGTHS: SPEED
MILLISECOND ONE THOUSANDTH
MICROSECOND ONE MILLIONTH
NANOSECOND ONE BILLIONTH
PICOSECOND ONE TRILLIONTH
ACCURACY
ZERO ERRORS
CONSISTENCY
ALWAYS DO WHAT THEY ARE PROGRAMMED TO DO
RELIABILITY
NO DOWNTIME
MEMORY CAPABILITY
VIRTUALLY UNLIMITED
PRONE TO MACHINE DEFECTION
IT CANNOT CORRECT HUMAN ERRORS
IT CAN NOT INTERPRET OBJECTS
COMPUTER LIMITATIONS:
OPPORTUNITIES FOR COMPUTER SPECIALISTS :
CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER
SYSTEMS ANALYST
APPLICATIONS PROGRAMMERS/PROGRAMMERS
PROGRAMMER/ANALYSTS
NETWORK ADMINISTRATORS
SYSTEM PROGRAMMER
DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR
INTERNET SITE SPECIALIST
COMPUTER OPERATOR
USER LIASON
PC SPECIALIST
OPPORTUNITIES FOR COMPUTER SPECIALISTS : DATA ENTRY/DATA ENCODER/ENCODER
WEB DESIGNER
INFORMATION DETECTIVE
INTERNET RESEARCHER
MIS PLANNER
CONTROL CLERK
QUALITY ASSURANCE SPECIALIST
COMPUTER TECHNICIANS
COMPUTER ENGINEERS
EDP MANAGER
SCHEDULER
LIBRARIAN
PROFESSORS/INSTRUCTORS
PERSONAL COMPUTER/MICROCOMPUTER A SMALL COMPUTER DESIGN FOR USE BY AN INDIVIDUAL.
WORKSTATION A HIGH PERFORMANCE SINGLE-USER COMPUTER SYSTEM WITH SOPHISTICATED INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES THAT CAN BE EASILY NETWORKED WITH OTHER WORSTATIONS OR COMPUTERS.
MIDSIZE MAINFRAME/MINICOMPUTER A MID-LEVEL COMPUTER BUILT TO PERFORM COMPLEX COMPUTATION WHILE DEALING EFFICIENTLY WITH A HIGH-LEVEL OF INPUT & OUTPUT FROM USERS VIA TERMINALS.
MAINFRAME COMPUTER A HIGH-LEVEL COMPUTER DESIGNED FOR THE MOST INTENSIVE COMPUTATIONAL TASKS. OFTEN SHARED BY MULTIPLE USERS CONNECTED TO THE COMPUTER VIA TERMINAL.
SUPERCOMPUTER A LARGE, EXTREMELY FAST & EXPENSIVE COMPUTER USED FOR COMPLEX OR SOPHISTICATED CALCULATIONS; TYPICALLY, A MACHINE CAPABLE OF PIPELINING INSTRUCTION EXECUTION & PROVIDING VECTOR INSTRUCTIONS.
CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS:
HARDWARE THE PHYSICAL DEVICES THAT COMPRISE A COMPUTER SYSTEM.
SOFTWARE REFERS COLLECTIVELY TO A SET OF
INSTRUCTIONS, CALLED PROGRAMS, THAT CAN BE INTERPRETED BY THE COMPUTER.
DATA THE INPUT TO THE PROCESSING; THE RAW MATERIAL. REPRESENTATION OF FACTS.
PEOPLE THE INIDIVIDUAL PROVIDING INPUT TO
THE COMPUTER OR USING COMPUTER OUTPUT. ALSO
KNOWN AS USERS/ END-USERS.
PROCEDURE THE STEPS THAT YOU MUST FOLLOW
TO ACCOMPLISH A SPECIFIC COMPUTER-RELATED
TASK.
5 ELEMENTS OF COMPUTING PROCESS:
SYSTEM ANY GROUP OF COMPONENTS (FUNCTIONS,
PEOPLE, ACTIVITIES, EVENTS & SO ON) THAT INTERFACE WITH & COMPLEMENT ONE ANOTHER TO ACHIEVE ONE OR MORE PREDEFINED GOALS/OBJECTIVE.
COMPUTER SYSTEM THE EQUIPMENT & OPERATIONAL
ENVIRONMENT WHICH INCLUDES PROGRAMS & SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS.
A COLLECTIVE REFERENCE TO ALL INTERCONNECTED COMPUTING HARDWARE, INCLUDING PROCESSORS, STORAGE DEVICES, INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES & COMMUNICATION DEVICES.
INPUT
PROCESSING
OUTPUT
STORAGE
4 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS
OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:
The MicroComputer System
4 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS
OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:1. INPUT AT THIS STAGE, DATA GATHERED ARE ENTERED INTO THE COMPUTER IN AFORM ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPUTER.
KEYED INPUT: KEYBOARD (QWERTY, DVORAK, …)
POINTING DEVICES: JOYSTICK, TRACKBALL, SPACEBALL, TRACKPOINT, TRACKMAN
PEN-BASED SYSTEM: PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT, LIGHT PEN, DIGITIZING TABLET & STYLUS/“PUCK”
TOUCH SCREEN SENSITIVE: TOUCH SCREEN, TOUCHPAD
VOICE RECOGNITION DEVICE: MICROPHONE
DATA SCANNING DEVICES: OPTICAL RECOGNITION SYSTEM, WANDSCANNER, MAGNETIC INK CHARACTER RECOGNITION, BAR CODE READERS, OPTICAL MARK READER
CARD READER: CARD READ/PUNCH DEVICE
MOUSE AND TRACKBALL
4 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS
OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:
2. PROCESSING THIS STAGE INVOLVES THE MANIPULATION OF DATA OR THE PERFORMANCE OF OPERATIONS ON THE DATA ENTERED ACCORDING TO A LIST OF INSTRUCTIONS OR PROGRAMS. (CLASSIFYING, SORTING, CALCULATING, SUMMARIZATION & STORAGE).
PROCESSOR THE LOGICAL COMPONENT OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM THAT INTERPRETS & EXECUTES PROGRAM INSTRUCTIONS. THE “INTELLIGENCE” / “NUCLEUS” OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM. IT PERFORMS ALL COMPUTATION & LOGIC OPERATIONS.
ALSO CALLED CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT, IT HAS ONLY 2 FUNDAMENTAL SECTIONS: (1) CONTROL UNIT (CU), & (2) ARITHMETIC & LOGIC UNIT (ALU).
4 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS
OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:
2. PROCESSING
MEMORY:
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) THE MEMORY AREA IN WHICH ALL PROGRAMS & DATA MUST RESIDE BEFORE PROGRAMS CAN BE EXECUTED OR DATA MANIPULATED. ALSO KNOWN AS THE PRIMARY MEMORY/PRIMARY STORAGE.
READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM) A MEMORY CHIPWITH CONTENTS PERMANENTLY LOADED BY THE MANUFACTURER FOR READ-ONLY APPLICATIONS.
CACHE MEMORY HIGH-SPEED SOLID-STATE MEMORY FOR PROGRAM INSTRUCTIONS & DATA. IT IS USED BY COMPUTER DESIGNERS TO INCREASE COMPUTER SYSTEM THROUGHPUT.
4 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS
OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:
2. PROCESSING
MOTHERBOARD: A LARGE CIRCUIT BOARD.
EXPANSION CARD/ADAPTER
PORTS: PARALLEL PORTS (FOR PRINTERS) & SERIAL PORTS (FOR MODEM)
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: ALSO KNOWN AS CHIPS, ARE TINY (ABOUT.5 INCH SQUARE) SILICON CHIPS INTO WHICH THOUSANDS OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS ARE ETCHED.
4 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS
OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:
3. OUTPUT THE PRODUCT OF THE PROCESSING STAGE.
SOFTCOPY TEMPORARY OUTPUT THAT CAN BE INTERPRETED VISUALLY OR THROUGH AUDIO.
MONITOR: CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT) MONITORS, FLAT-PANEL MONITORS: LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD), ELECTROLUMINESCENT (EL) DISPLAY, & GAS PLASMA
AUDIO OUTPUT: SPEECH SYNTHESIZER, SPEAKERS
HARDCOPY A READABLE PRINTED COPY OF THE COMPUTER OUTPUT.
PRINTER: IMPACT PRINTERS: DOT-MATRIX PRINTER NON-IMPACT PRINTER: LASER & INKJET PRINTERS
PLOTTER
ROBOTS
4 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS
OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:
4. STORAGE WHERE DATA ARE KEPT FOR LATER USE.
MAGNETIC TAPE (SEQUENTIAL)
MAGNETIC DISK: FLOPPY DISK (3.5” & 5.25”), HARD DISK, ZIP DISK
OPTICAL DISK: COMPACT DISC READ ONLY MEMORY (CD-ROM), WRITE ONCE READ ONLY MEMORY (WORM) CD, CD-READABLE, CD-ERASABLE, MAGNETO-OPTICAL DISK
Magnetic Diskettes CapabilitiesSize ofdiskette
DS/DD DS/HD Harddisk
5 ¼ inch 360 KB 1.2 MB
3 ½ inch 720 KB 1.44MB
3 ½ inch 230 MB
Hard disk 30 MBto 3 GB
COMPACT DISK AND DISKETTES
top related