MELJUN CORTES CSC 15 Intro. to Information System

Information Society

MELJUN CORTESMELJUN CORTES

Computer Competency

The user feel comfortable using and operating a computer

Be able to make the computer work for him through judicious development or use of software

Be able to interact with the computers

Computer Competency

Understand the impact of computers on society, now and in the future

Be an intelligent consumer of computers and computer equipment, collectively called hardware

Be an intelligent consumer of computer-related products and services.

What is a COMPUTER?

Technically speaking, a COMPUTER is a counting device

It has the function of a CALCULATOR

But a CALCULATOR is not considered as a COMPUTER.

Where do we used computers

GraphicsRetailingEnergyPaperworkTransportationLaw enforcementMoneyAgriculture

GovernmentEducationAt HomeHealth & MedicineRoboticsThe SciencesConnectivityTraining

COMPUTER an electronic device capable of interpreting & executing programmed commands for input, output, computation & logic operation.

USES:

INFORMATION SYSTEMS/DATA PROCESSING

PERSONAL COMPUTING

SCIENCE, RESEARCH & ENGINEERING

PROCESS/DEVICE CONTROL

EDUCATION & REFERENCE

COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN

ENTERTAINMENT & EDUTAINMENT

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

COMMUNICATIONS

How do we use COMPUTERS?

ISPCSREPCDEDUCCADENTAI

INFORMATION SYSTEM/DP

PERSONAL COMPUTING

SCIENCE,RESEARCH,ENGINEERING

PROCESS/CONTROL DEVICE

COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN

EDUCATION

ENTERTAINMENT

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

STRENGTHS: SPEED

MILLISECOND ONE THOUSANDTH

MICROSECOND ONE MILLIONTH

NANOSECOND ONE BILLIONTH

PICOSECOND ONE TRILLIONTH

ACCURACY

ZERO ERRORS

CONSISTENCY

ALWAYS DO WHAT THEY ARE PROGRAMMED TO DO

RELIABILITY

NO DOWNTIME

MEMORY CAPABILITY

VIRTUALLY UNLIMITED

PRONE TO MACHINE DEFECTION

IT CANNOT CORRECT HUMAN ERRORS

IT CAN NOT INTERPRET OBJECTS

COMPUTER LIMITATIONS:

OPPORTUNITIES FOR COMPUTER SPECIALISTS :

CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER

SYSTEMS ANALYST

APPLICATIONS PROGRAMMERS/PROGRAMMERS

PROGRAMMER/ANALYSTS

NETWORK ADMINISTRATORS

SYSTEM PROGRAMMER

DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR

INTERNET SITE SPECIALIST

COMPUTER OPERATOR

USER LIASON

PC SPECIALIST

OPPORTUNITIES FOR COMPUTER SPECIALISTS : DATA ENTRY/DATA ENCODER/ENCODER

WEB DESIGNER

INFORMATION DETECTIVE

INTERNET RESEARCHER

MIS PLANNER

CONTROL CLERK

QUALITY ASSURANCE SPECIALIST

COMPUTER TECHNICIANS

COMPUTER ENGINEERS

EDP MANAGER

SCHEDULER

LIBRARIAN

PROFESSORS/INSTRUCTORS

PERSONAL COMPUTER/MICROCOMPUTER A SMALL COMPUTER DESIGN FOR USE BY AN INDIVIDUAL.

WORKSTATION A HIGH PERFORMANCE SINGLE-USER COMPUTER SYSTEM WITH SOPHISTICATED INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES THAT CAN BE EASILY NETWORKED WITH OTHER WORSTATIONS OR COMPUTERS.

MIDSIZE MAINFRAME/MINICOMPUTER A MID-LEVEL COMPUTER BUILT TO PERFORM COMPLEX COMPUTATION WHILE DEALING EFFICIENTLY WITH A HIGH-LEVEL OF INPUT & OUTPUT FROM USERS VIA TERMINALS.

MAINFRAME COMPUTER A HIGH-LEVEL COMPUTER DESIGNED FOR THE MOST INTENSIVE COMPUTATIONAL TASKS. OFTEN SHARED BY MULTIPLE USERS CONNECTED TO THE COMPUTER VIA TERMINAL.

SUPERCOMPUTER A LARGE, EXTREMELY FAST & EXPENSIVE COMPUTER USED FOR COMPLEX OR SOPHISTICATED CALCULATIONS; TYPICALLY, A MACHINE CAPABLE OF PIPELINING INSTRUCTION EXECUTION & PROVIDING VECTOR INSTRUCTIONS.

CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS:

HARDWARE THE PHYSICAL DEVICES THAT COMPRISE A COMPUTER SYSTEM.

SOFTWARE REFERS COLLECTIVELY TO A SET OF

INSTRUCTIONS, CALLED PROGRAMS, THAT CAN BE INTERPRETED BY THE COMPUTER.

DATA THE INPUT TO THE PROCESSING; THE RAW MATERIAL. REPRESENTATION OF FACTS.

PEOPLE THE INIDIVIDUAL PROVIDING INPUT TO

THE COMPUTER OR USING COMPUTER OUTPUT. ALSO

KNOWN AS USERS/ END-USERS.

PROCEDURE THE STEPS THAT YOU MUST FOLLOW

TO ACCOMPLISH A SPECIFIC COMPUTER-RELATED

TASK.

5 ELEMENTS OF COMPUTING PROCESS:

SYSTEM ANY GROUP OF COMPONENTS (FUNCTIONS,

PEOPLE, ACTIVITIES, EVENTS & SO ON) THAT INTERFACE WITH & COMPLEMENT ONE ANOTHER TO ACHIEVE ONE OR MORE PREDEFINED GOALS/OBJECTIVE.

COMPUTER SYSTEM THE EQUIPMENT & OPERATIONAL

ENVIRONMENT WHICH INCLUDES PROGRAMS & SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS.

A COLLECTIVE REFERENCE TO ALL INTERCONNECTED COMPUTING HARDWARE, INCLUDING PROCESSORS, STORAGE DEVICES, INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES & COMMUNICATION DEVICES.

INPUT

PROCESSING

OUTPUT

STORAGE

4 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS

OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:

The MicroComputer System

4 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS

OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:1. INPUT AT THIS STAGE, DATA GATHERED ARE ENTERED INTO THE COMPUTER IN AFORM ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPUTER.

KEYED INPUT: KEYBOARD (QWERTY, DVORAK, …)

POINTING DEVICES: JOYSTICK, TRACKBALL, SPACEBALL, TRACKPOINT, TRACKMAN

PEN-BASED SYSTEM: PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT, LIGHT PEN, DIGITIZING TABLET & STYLUS/“PUCK”

TOUCH SCREEN SENSITIVE: TOUCH SCREEN, TOUCHPAD

VOICE RECOGNITION DEVICE: MICROPHONE

DATA SCANNING DEVICES: OPTICAL RECOGNITION SYSTEM, WANDSCANNER, MAGNETIC INK CHARACTER RECOGNITION, BAR CODE READERS, OPTICAL MARK READER

CARD READER: CARD READ/PUNCH DEVICE

MOUSE AND TRACKBALL

4 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS

OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:

2. PROCESSING THIS STAGE INVOLVES THE MANIPULATION OF DATA OR THE PERFORMANCE OF OPERATIONS ON THE DATA ENTERED ACCORDING TO A LIST OF INSTRUCTIONS OR PROGRAMS. (CLASSIFYING, SORTING, CALCULATING, SUMMARIZATION & STORAGE).

PROCESSOR THE LOGICAL COMPONENT OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM THAT INTERPRETS & EXECUTES PROGRAM INSTRUCTIONS. THE “INTELLIGENCE” / “NUCLEUS” OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM. IT PERFORMS ALL COMPUTATION & LOGIC OPERATIONS.

ALSO CALLED CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT, IT HAS ONLY 2 FUNDAMENTAL SECTIONS: (1) CONTROL UNIT (CU), & (2) ARITHMETIC & LOGIC UNIT (ALU).

4 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS

OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:

2. PROCESSING

MEMORY:

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) THE MEMORY AREA IN WHICH ALL PROGRAMS & DATA MUST RESIDE BEFORE PROGRAMS CAN BE EXECUTED OR DATA MANIPULATED. ALSO KNOWN AS THE PRIMARY MEMORY/PRIMARY STORAGE.

READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM) A MEMORY CHIPWITH CONTENTS PERMANENTLY LOADED BY THE MANUFACTURER FOR READ-ONLY APPLICATIONS.

CACHE MEMORY HIGH-SPEED SOLID-STATE MEMORY FOR PROGRAM INSTRUCTIONS & DATA. IT IS USED BY COMPUTER DESIGNERS TO INCREASE COMPUTER SYSTEM THROUGHPUT.

4 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS

OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:

2. PROCESSING

MOTHERBOARD: A LARGE CIRCUIT BOARD.

EXPANSION CARD/ADAPTER

PORTS: PARALLEL PORTS (FOR PRINTERS) & SERIAL PORTS (FOR MODEM)

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: ALSO KNOWN AS CHIPS, ARE TINY (ABOUT.5 INCH SQUARE) SILICON CHIPS INTO WHICH THOUSANDS OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS ARE ETCHED.

4 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS

OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:

3. OUTPUT THE PRODUCT OF THE PROCESSING STAGE.

SOFTCOPY TEMPORARY OUTPUT THAT CAN BE INTERPRETED VISUALLY OR THROUGH AUDIO.

MONITOR: CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT) MONITORS, FLAT-PANEL MONITORS: LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD), ELECTROLUMINESCENT (EL) DISPLAY, & GAS PLASMA

AUDIO OUTPUT: SPEECH SYNTHESIZER, SPEAKERS

HARDCOPY A READABLE PRINTED COPY OF THE COMPUTER OUTPUT.

PRINTER: IMPACT PRINTERS: DOT-MATRIX PRINTER NON-IMPACT PRINTER: LASER & INKJET PRINTERS

PLOTTER

ROBOTS

4 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS

OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:

4. STORAGE WHERE DATA ARE KEPT FOR LATER USE.

MAGNETIC TAPE (SEQUENTIAL)

MAGNETIC DISK: FLOPPY DISK (3.5” & 5.25”), HARD DISK, ZIP DISK

OPTICAL DISK: COMPACT DISC READ ONLY MEMORY (CD-ROM), WRITE ONCE READ ONLY MEMORY (WORM) CD, CD-READABLE, CD-ERASABLE, MAGNETO-OPTICAL DISK

Magnetic Diskettes CapabilitiesSize ofdiskette

DS/DD DS/HD Harddisk

5 ¼ inch 360 KB 1.2 MB

3 ½ inch 720 KB 1.44MB

3 ½ inch 230 MB

Hard disk 30 MBto 3 GB

COMPACT DISK AND DISKETTES