Materi seminar 5 g ieee comsoc lecture 5g evolution v2
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5G Evolution
Rath Vannithamby, PhD
Intel Labs, Intel Corporation
August 2014
IEEE Communication Society DL Tour in Asia
8/25/2014 1
Contents
• Motivation for 5G
• Evolution of 1G 2G 3G 4G
• 4G Technology Overview
• Candidate Technologies for 5G
• 5G University Research Program
• Final Remarks
8/25/2014 2
Demand for wireless bandwidth Grows Exponentially
• Smart Device Proliferation
• Video Traffic Growth
• Growth of Mobile Data
• The Internet of Things
8/25/2014 3
The Internet of Things
8/25/2014 4
ResourcesResources
ConsumerConsumer
HealthcareHealthcareRetailRetail
TransportationTransportation
IndustrialIndustrial
Challenge – Lower Revenue Per Bit
• Cost of Network deployments to meet demand is increasing faster than revenue
8/25/2014 5Future networks needed to lower Cost per Bit, and enable new Services
Contents
• Motivation for 5G
• Evolution of 1G 2G 3G 4G
• 4G Technology Overview
• Candidate Technologies for 5G
• 5G University Research Program
• Final Remarks
8/25/2014 6
Evolution of 1G 2G 3G 4G
• What is 5G? How is it going to:• satisfy growing bandwidth demand?
• Support new paradigm of Internet of Things?
• Solve operator challenge?
8/25/2014 7
1GAnalog
2GTDMA
3GCDMA
4GOFDM
Cellular Evolution
8/25/2014 8
Rate Protocols Technology Focus Applications
1G 2.4 Kbps AMPS Analog voice
2G 9.6 Kbps GSM, IS-95 Digital Voice
2.5G 144 Kbps GPRS, Edge Data
3G 384 Kbps Mobile
2 Mbps Fixed
R6 UMTS, EVDO Peak Rate & Spectral efficiency: Adaptive modulation, scheduling, code clustering
Data + Voice
3.5G 14 Mbps Fixed R8 HSPA Peak Rate, MIMO
4G 100 Mbps Mobile
1Gbps Fixed
R10 LTE, 802.16m
Spectral Efficiency: Multi-user MIMO, Universal freq. reuse [Carrier aggregation, 8x8 MIMO to meet 4G peak requirement
Mobile Internet
4.5G 300 Mbps? R11+ LTE-A Network Efficiency: Interference mitigation, interworking with WiFi, D2D device discovery, Energy efficiency
5G 1Gbps Mobile? 10 Gbps Fixed?
R14? ? ?
Advanced Networking
8/25/2014 9Source: IEEE C80216_0016
Multi-tier Networks
8/25/2014 10
Macro
Micro
Pico
Femto
Relay
• Overlay multiple tiers of cells potentially sharing common spectrum
• Macro
• Pico
• Femto
Multi-Radio Scenarios
8/25/2014 11
Converged Gateway
heartbeat
Multimedia Network
Short RangeComm.
SetTop
LAN Network
Bad LTElink
Good LTE.link
Good 802.11link
802.11
Setup Peer-to-Peer cooperation
Offload to 802.11
Mobile Hotspot M2M Network
Integrated AP
Body Area Network
Contents
• Motivation for 5G
• Evolution of 1G 2G 3G 4G
• 4G Technology Overview
• Candidate Technologies for 5G
• Final Remarks
8/25/2014 12
4G Network Architecture
8/25/2014 13
UEeNB
eNBMME/S-GW
P-GW
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)E-UTRAN
Simplified 4G Network Architecture with:(a) User Equipment (UE)
(b) Evolved NodeB (eNB)
(c) Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
E-UTRAN Performance Goals
• Scalable Bandwidth [1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz]
• Data Rates [300 Mbps DL, 75 Mbps UL]
• Latency [< 100 ms control plane, < 5ms user plane]
• Coverage [5 km, slight degradation up to 30 km]
• Mobility [Optimized for low speeds (<15 km/h), connection maintained at high speeds (up to 500 km/h)]
• Inter-RAT Handover Delays [<300 ms (RT), < 500 ms (non-RT)]
8/25/2014 14
Evolved NodeB (eNB)
8/25/2014 15
eNB eNBUE
X2
eNB:• Radio Resource
Management• Header Compression• Encryption• Broadcast Information• Paging• Mobility in Active State• MME Selection
LTE Device Capabilities
8/25/2014 16
Category Bandwidth(MHz)
MIMO Duplexing Modulation Data Rates(Mbps)
UL DL UL DL
1 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15,
20
Up to 2x2
over DL
FDD,H-FDD,
TDD
QPSK,16 QAM
QPSK,16
QAM,64 QAM
5 10
2 25 51
3 51 100
4 51 150
5 UP to4x4
over DL
QPSK,16
QAM,64 QAM
75 300
LTE UE Functions
8/25/2014 17
Network Acquisition
Signaling Connection
IP Connectivity
Authentication
Attach
Service Request
Radio Access Bearer
Scheduling Requests and Grants
Handover
Release
SETUP SERVICE
LTE Frame Structure
• The generic radio frame has a duration of 10ms and consists of 20 sub-frames with a sub-frame duration of 0.5ms.
• For FDD, all 20 sub-frames are either available for downlink transmission or all 20 sub-frames are available for uplink transmissions.
• For TDD, a sub-frame pair is either allocated to downlink or uplink transmission. The first sub-frame pair in a radio frame is always allocated for downlink transmission.
8/25/2014 18
#0 #1 #2 #3 #19
One radio frame: 10 ms
#18
One subframe: 0.5 ms
Uplink Sub-frame structure
• Uplink sub-frame format
• The transmitted signal in each sub-frame is described by the contents of SC-FDMA symbols
• Each SC-FDMA symbol corresponds to multiple resource atoms and each resource atom corresponds to one complex-valued modulation symbol
8/25/2014 19
One uplink subframe: 0.5 ms
Nblock-1 Nblock-2 Nblock-3 3 2 1 0
Resource atom au,Nblock-3
Downlink Channels
8/25/2014 20
UEeNB
DL PHY Channels Usage
Primary Sync Channel Slot Timing Sync
Secondary Sync Channel Frame Timing Sync
Physical Broadcast Channel Master Information Block (MIB)
Physical Control Format Indication Channel
Format of the PDCCH
Physical DL Control Channel UL Power Control, HARQ, UL/DL Alloc
Physical DL Shared Channel Data Traffic, Signaling, Broadcast, Paging
Downlink Resource Mapping
8/25/2014 21
0 541 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 66
Slot n Slot n+1
PDCCH
PDSCH (System Broadcast – SIBs)
PDSCH (user 3)
PDSCH (user 1)
PDSCH (user 2)
PH
ICH
PCFICH
Uplink Resource Mapping
8/25/2014 22
0 541 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 66
Slot n Slot n+1
PRACH
PUCCHPUCCH
PUCCHPUCCH
PUSCH
System Information (SI)
• Divided into MIB and SIB
• Master Information Block (MIB)• Carries Essential & Most Frequent Info
• Uses BCH
• System Information Blocks (SIBs)• Less Frequent 13 Types
• Uses DL-SCH
8/25/2014 23
SI
MIBFixed
Schedule
SIB
SIB1
Fixed Schedule
SIB13
Configurable Schedule
through SIB1
SIB2
Configurable Schedule
through SIB1
Master Information Block (MIB)
8/25/2014 24
UE eNB
MIB over PBCH
• MIB contains DL Bandwidth and System Frame Number
• New info every 40 ms
• Same info repeated every 10 ms
Random Access Procedure
8/25/2014 25
UE eNB
• UE-initiated Contention Based Random Access• Random preamble, possible collision
• eNB-initiated non-contention based random access• Assigned/dedicated preamble, guaranteed success
Random Access
Key Technologies
• OFDMA for DL
• SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA) for UL
• Bandwidth Flexibility
• Advanced antenna technology
• Link adaptation
• Inter-cell-interference coordination (ICIC)
• Two-layered retransmission (ARQ/HARQ)
• Scheduling
• Discontinuous Rx and Tx
8/25/2014 26
3GPP Rel. 11 Features
• Carrier Aggregation enhancements
• MIMO enhancements
• Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference-Cancelation (eICIC)
• Coordinated Multipoint Transmission and Reception to enable simultaneous communication with multiple cells
• Enhancements to Diverse Data Applications (eDDA)
• Others …
8/25/2014 27
Details on Rel. 11 One Example Feature:
Enhancements to Diverse Data Applications (eDDA)
8/25/2014 28
LTE Power Saving Mechanism
• Different states at UE
• Different power consumption at different states
• Power saving mechanism: Idle, DRX
Power can be saved in between traffic activities
Idle Mode• Device can be either in LTE Active or LTE Idle mode.
• LTE Active mode is for supporting active data transmission.
• LTE Idle mode is for power saving when the device is not actively transmitting/receiving packets.
• In LTE Idle mode,
• Base station pages to wake the device up
• Device wakes up periodically to check for any incoming call
Idle Mode allows device to go into low power mode when there is no traffic activity
Discontinuous Reception (DRX) Mode
• In LTE Active, device can go into DRX mode to save power
• In DRX, device is still connected to network and listens control channels during ON Durations
DRX mechanism allows device to go into low power mode when there is data activity
Adaptive DRX• Different lengths of DRX cycles
• Larger DRX cycle increases the latency• Shorter DRX cycle increases the power consumption
• Suitable DRX cycle length is chosen to satisfy the latency and power saving requirements
Changing DRX parameters depending on users need will help to save power
3GPP Rel. 12 Features
• Enhanced small cells for LTE
• Interworking between LTE and WiFi
• Enhancements for HetNets
• Inter-site carrier aggregation, to mix and match the capabilities and backhaul of adjacent cells
• New antenna techniques and advanced receivers to maximize the potential of large cells
• Others …
8/25/2014 33
Details on Rel. 12 One Example Feature:
Enhanced small cells for LTE – Dual Connectivity
8/25/2014 34
Small Cell Dual Connectivity
• Dual Connectivity Architecture• Separate frequency bands • Control signaling on Macro Cell• Simultaneous data on both cells• Non-ideal backhaul between cells
• Pros of Dual Connectivity• Throughput/Capacity
Enhancements• Minimizing the cell edge issues
• Cons of Dual Connectivity• Latency due to non-ideal backhaul • Additional processing at UE/eNB
8/25/2014 35
Carrier1 (f1)
Macro Cell (MeNB)
Carrier2 (f2)
Small Cell (SeNB)
Non-Ideal Backhaul (X2)
Contents
• Motivation for 5G
• Evolution of 1G 2G 3G 4G
• 4G Technology Overview
• Candidate Technologies for 5G
• 5G University Research Program
• Final Remarks
8/25/2014 36
Capabilities of Future IMT systems
8/25/2014 37
100 Mbps
Mobility
Low
High
New IMT System
EnhancedIMT-Advanced
New IMT System for Local Area Access
IMT-2000
1 Gbps Peak Data Rate10 Gbps
Source: IMT.VISION Oct’13
5G Requirements
8/25/2014 38Source: METIS/ITU-R
5G Metrics
• High Network Capacity
• Uniform Connectivity Experience
• Higher Service Quality and User Experience
5G Requirements
8/25/2014 39
Candidate Technologies• New Physical Layer Waveforms
• mmWave Technologies
• Massive MIMO and Advanced-Interference Mitigation
• Full-Duplex
• Multi-Radio Small Cell Networks
• Advanced D2D
• Energy-Efficient Networking
• Advanced M2M Technologies for IoT
• New Architectures and PHY/MAC Design for Ultra-Low Latency
• Others …
8/25/2014 40
New Physical Layer Waveforms
8/25/2014 41
Traditional Orthogonal Multiple Access Techniques:• FDMA [1G]• TDMA [2G]• CDMA [3G]• OFDMA [4G]
New Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) claims these for higher processing power:• Better interference cancelation• Higher capacity• Better latency for MTC type
applications
mmWave Technologies
• Frequencies ranging from 3 to 300 GHz
• 60 GHz technologies have already been standardized for short-range applications in IEEE 802.11ad
• Also strongly considered for small-cell backhaul deployments
8/25/2014 42
Massive MIMO
• Massive MIMO uses very large number of antennas to multiplex data for multiple users over each time-frequency resource.
• Reduces both intra and inter cell interference
• Essential technology to achieve effective cell range
8/25/2014 43
Full Duplex Radios
• Why are radios half duplex? • Self-Interference is a hundred billion times (110dB+) stronger than
the received signal
• Do we know what we are transmitting?• Does it translate to doubling of throughput in practice?
8/25/2014 44
TX
RX
RX
TX
Radio 1 Radio 2
Multi-Radio Small Cell Networks
8/25/2014 45
WiFi-AP Femto-AP
Relay StationM2M Hotspot
Integrated-AP
Pico-BS
Multi-tier
Multi-radio
Distributed Antennas/CRAN
Wireless backhaul
Wireless Access
Wired backhaul
Distributed Antennas
Client Relay
Self
-Org
aniz
ing
Net
wo
rk
Source: IEEE C80216-10_0016
Device-to-Device
CRAN
Fiber
5G M2M/IoT Challenges
8/25/2014 46
Challenges:Optimized for H2HMobile High throughputAlways connected
Remote Cams
Temp sensors
Smart Water Meter
Smart Gas Meter
MTC on GPRS Low-costLow-powerInefficient
Replace GPRSMore devicesSpectral efficiencyOne RAT
GPRS Network
5G
Ene
rgy
Har
vest
ing
Massive Number ofLow-Cost MTC
Mission-Critical MTC
H2
H C
om
mu
nic
atio
ns
Challenges:Extreme RequirementsNo to High QoSUltra-Low LatencyMassive number of IoT devicesEnergy Harvesting use case
Contents
• Motivation for 5G
• Evolution of 1G 2G 3G 4G
• 4G Technology Overview
• Candidate Technologies for 5G
• 5G University Research Program
• Final Remarks
8/25/2014 47
5G Collaborative University Research Program
URO facts:
• Collaborative university research on future technologies
• Provides grants to academic researchers selected through an semi-open RFP process
• Often works with industry partners and other organizations
Program facts:
• Name: “5G: Transforming the Wireless User Experience”
8/25/2014 48
5G Technical Requirements
8/25/2014 49
High Service QualityService and context specific optimizations
Uniform Connectivity ExperienceConsistent and reliable wireless throughout network
Disruptive Growth in Network Capacity
High data rate per user, and support high density of usersRate
Rate
QOE
More than peak service rate!
5G MetricsQuantifying Technical Objectives
8/25/2014 50
High Network Capacity
More than 10x enhancement in peak data rates (bits/s)
More than 10x enhancement in area spectral efficiency (bits/s/Hz/meters2)
Overall, more than 100x improvement in network capacity (bits/s/meters2)
Uniform Connectivity Experience
Greater than 10x reduction in data rate variability between cell-edge and cell-center users (lowest 1% to highest 99%)
Greater or equal spectral efficiency and energy efficiency
High Service Quality and User Experience
More than 10x increase in number of users achieving target service quality
More than 10x reduction in the overall information rate (bits/s) required to satisfy target service quality
More than 10x reduction in device power consumption
5G Candidate Technologies
8/25/2014 51
Approach Candidate Technology
Enabling New Spectrum
Increase network capacity
Increasing Spectral Efficiency
Increase capacity and improve connectivity
Exploiting Multiple RATs
Increase capacity and improve connectivity
Exploiting Context Awareness
Improve service quality
High frequency SpectrumSpectrum sharing
Spectrum reuseAdvanced interference mitigationLarge-scale MIMOFull-Duplex
Spectrum aggregationMulti-radio HetNets Intelligent network selection
Application awarenessCross-layer optimizationDevice-context, power efficiencyDevice sharing
Contents
• Motivation for 5G
• Evolution of 1G 2G 3G 4G
• 4G Technology Overview
• Candidate Technologies for 5G
• 5G University Research Program
• Final Remarks
8/25/2014 52
Summary
• Key Technologies• mmWave Technologies
• Massive MIMO and Advanced-Interference Mitigation
• Full-Duplex
• Multi-Radio Small Cell Networks
• Advanced D2D
• Energy-Efficient Networking
• Advanced M2M Technologies for IoT
• New Architectures and PHY/MAC Design for Ultra-Low Latency
8/25/2014 53Let’s make 5G happen
Q & A
8/25/2014 54
Thank You
8/25/2014 55
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