Materi seminar 5 g ieee comsoc lecture 5g evolution v2

5G Evolution

Rath Vannithamby, PhD

Intel Labs, Intel Corporation

August 2014

IEEE Communication Society DL Tour in Asia

8/25/2014 1

Contents

• Motivation for 5G

• Evolution of 1G 2G 3G 4G

• 4G Technology Overview

• Candidate Technologies for 5G

• 5G University Research Program

• Final Remarks

8/25/2014 2

Demand for wireless bandwidth Grows Exponentially

• Smart Device Proliferation

• Video Traffic Growth

• Growth of Mobile Data

• The Internet of Things

8/25/2014 3

The Internet of Things

8/25/2014 4

ResourcesResources

ConsumerConsumer

HealthcareHealthcareRetailRetail

TransportationTransportation

IndustrialIndustrial

Challenge – Lower Revenue Per Bit

• Cost of Network deployments to meet demand is increasing faster than revenue

8/25/2014 5Future networks needed to lower Cost per Bit, and enable new Services

Contents






• Final Remarks

8/25/2014 6

Evolution of 1G 2G 3G 4G

• What is 5G? How is it going to:• satisfy growing bandwidth demand?

• Support new paradigm of Internet of Things?

• Solve operator challenge?

8/25/2014 7

1GAnalog

2GTDMA

3GCDMA

4GOFDM

Cellular Evolution

8/25/2014 8

Rate Protocols Technology Focus Applications

1G 2.4 Kbps AMPS Analog voice

2G 9.6 Kbps GSM, IS-95 Digital Voice

2.5G 144 Kbps GPRS, Edge Data

3G 384 Kbps Mobile

2 Mbps Fixed

R6 UMTS, EVDO Peak Rate & Spectral efficiency: Adaptive modulation, scheduling, code clustering

Data + Voice

3.5G 14 Mbps Fixed R8 HSPA Peak Rate, MIMO

4G 100 Mbps Mobile

1Gbps Fixed

R10 LTE, 802.16m

Spectral Efficiency: Multi-user MIMO, Universal freq. reuse [Carrier aggregation, 8x8 MIMO to meet 4G peak requirement

Mobile Internet

4.5G 300 Mbps? R11+ LTE-A Network Efficiency: Interference mitigation, interworking with WiFi, D2D device discovery, Energy efficiency

5G 1Gbps Mobile? 10 Gbps Fixed?

R14? ? ?

Advanced Networking

8/25/2014 9Source: IEEE C80216_0016

Multi-tier Networks

8/25/2014 10

Macro

Micro

Pico

Femto

Relay

• Overlay multiple tiers of cells potentially sharing common spectrum

• Macro

• Pico

• Femto

Multi-Radio Scenarios

8/25/2014 11

Converged Gateway

heartbeat

Multimedia Network

Short RangeComm.

SetTop

LAN Network

Bad LTElink

Good LTE.link

Good 802.11link

802.11

Setup Peer-to-Peer cooperation

Offload to 802.11

Mobile Hotspot M2M Network

Integrated AP

Body Area Network

Contents





• Final Remarks

8/25/2014 12

4G Network Architecture

8/25/2014 13

UEeNB

eNBMME/S-GW

P-GW

Evolved Packet Core (EPC)E-UTRAN

Simplified 4G Network Architecture with:(a) User Equipment (UE)

(b) Evolved NodeB (eNB)

(c) Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

E-UTRAN Performance Goals

• Scalable Bandwidth [1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz]

• Data Rates [300 Mbps DL, 75 Mbps UL]

• Latency [< 100 ms control plane, < 5ms user plane]

• Coverage [5 km, slight degradation up to 30 km]

• Mobility [Optimized for low speeds (<15 km/h), connection maintained at high speeds (up to 500 km/h)]

• Inter-RAT Handover Delays [<300 ms (RT), < 500 ms (non-RT)]

8/25/2014 14

Evolved NodeB (eNB)

8/25/2014 15

eNB eNBUE

X2

eNB:• Radio Resource

Management• Header Compression• Encryption• Broadcast Information• Paging• Mobility in Active State• MME Selection

LTE Device Capabilities

8/25/2014 16

Category Bandwidth(MHz)

MIMO Duplexing Modulation Data Rates(Mbps)

UL DL UL DL

1 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15,

20

Up to 2x2

over DL

FDD,H-FDD,

TDD

QPSK,16 QAM

QPSK,16

QAM,64 QAM

5 10

2 25 51

3 51 100

4 51 150

5 UP to4x4

over DL

QPSK,16

QAM,64 QAM

75 300

LTE UE Functions

8/25/2014 17

Network Acquisition

Signaling Connection

IP Connectivity

Authentication

Attach

Service Request

Radio Access Bearer

Scheduling Requests and Grants

Handover

Release

SETUP SERVICE

LTE Frame Structure

• The generic radio frame has a duration of 10ms and consists of 20 sub-frames with a sub-frame duration of 0.5ms.

• For FDD, all 20 sub-frames are either available for downlink transmission or all 20 sub-frames are available for uplink transmissions.

• For TDD, a sub-frame pair is either allocated to downlink or uplink transmission. The first sub-frame pair in a radio frame is always allocated for downlink transmission.

8/25/2014 18

#0 #1 #2 #3 #19

One radio frame: 10 ms

#18

One subframe: 0.5 ms

Uplink Sub-frame structure

• Uplink sub-frame format

• The transmitted signal in each sub-frame is described by the contents of SC-FDMA symbols

• Each SC-FDMA symbol corresponds to multiple resource atoms and each resource atom corresponds to one complex-valued modulation symbol

8/25/2014 19

One uplink subframe: 0.5 ms

Nblock-1 Nblock-2 Nblock-3 3 2 1 0

Resource atom au,Nblock-3

Downlink Channels

8/25/2014 20

UEeNB

DL PHY Channels Usage

Primary Sync Channel Slot Timing Sync

Secondary Sync Channel Frame Timing Sync

Physical Broadcast Channel Master Information Block (MIB)

Physical Control Format Indication Channel

Format of the PDCCH

Physical DL Control Channel UL Power Control, HARQ, UL/DL Alloc

Physical DL Shared Channel Data Traffic, Signaling, Broadcast, Paging

Downlink Resource Mapping

8/25/2014 21

0 541 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 66

Slot n Slot n+1

PDCCH

PDSCH (System Broadcast – SIBs)

PDSCH (user 3)

PDSCH (user 1)

PDSCH (user 2)

PH

ICH

PCFICH

Uplink Resource Mapping

8/25/2014 22

0 541 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 66

Slot n Slot n+1

PRACH

PUCCHPUCCH

PUCCHPUCCH

PUSCH

System Information (SI)

• Divided into MIB and SIB

• Master Information Block (MIB)• Carries Essential & Most Frequent Info

• Uses BCH

• System Information Blocks (SIBs)• Less Frequent 13 Types

• Uses DL-SCH

8/25/2014 23

SI

MIBFixed

Schedule

SIB

SIB1

Fixed Schedule

SIB13

Configurable Schedule

through SIB1

SIB2

Configurable Schedule

through SIB1

Master Information Block (MIB)

8/25/2014 24

UE eNB

MIB over PBCH

• MIB contains DL Bandwidth and System Frame Number

• New info every 40 ms

• Same info repeated every 10 ms

Random Access Procedure

8/25/2014 25

UE eNB

• UE-initiated Contention Based Random Access• Random preamble, possible collision

• eNB-initiated non-contention based random access• Assigned/dedicated preamble, guaranteed success

Random Access

Key Technologies

• OFDMA for DL

• SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA) for UL

• Bandwidth Flexibility

• Advanced antenna technology

• Link adaptation

• Inter-cell-interference coordination (ICIC)

• Two-layered retransmission (ARQ/HARQ)

• Scheduling

• Discontinuous Rx and Tx

8/25/2014 26

3GPP Rel. 11 Features

• Carrier Aggregation enhancements

• MIMO enhancements

• Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference-Cancelation (eICIC)

• Coordinated Multipoint Transmission and Reception to enable simultaneous communication with multiple cells

• Enhancements to Diverse Data Applications (eDDA)

• Others …

8/25/2014 27

Details on Rel. 11 One Example Feature:

Enhancements to Diverse Data Applications (eDDA)

8/25/2014 28

LTE Power Saving Mechanism

• Different states at UE

• Different power consumption at different states

• Power saving mechanism: Idle, DRX

Power can be saved in between traffic activities

Idle Mode• Device can be either in LTE Active or LTE Idle mode.

• LTE Active mode is for supporting active data transmission.

• LTE Idle mode is for power saving when the device is not actively transmitting/receiving packets.

• In LTE Idle mode,

• Base station pages to wake the device up

• Device wakes up periodically to check for any incoming call

Idle Mode allows device to go into low power mode when there is no traffic activity

Discontinuous Reception (DRX) Mode

• In LTE Active, device can go into DRX mode to save power

• In DRX, device is still connected to network and listens control channels during ON Durations

DRX mechanism allows device to go into low power mode when there is data activity

Adaptive DRX• Different lengths of DRX cycles

• Larger DRX cycle increases the latency• Shorter DRX cycle increases the power consumption

• Suitable DRX cycle length is chosen to satisfy the latency and power saving requirements

Changing DRX parameters depending on users need will help to save power

3GPP Rel. 12 Features

• Enhanced small cells for LTE

• Interworking between LTE and WiFi

• Enhancements for HetNets

• Inter-site carrier aggregation, to mix and match the capabilities and backhaul of adjacent cells

• New antenna techniques and advanced receivers to maximize the potential of large cells

• Others …

8/25/2014 33

Details on Rel. 12 One Example Feature:

Enhanced small cells for LTE – Dual Connectivity

8/25/2014 34

Small Cell Dual Connectivity

• Dual Connectivity Architecture• Separate frequency bands • Control signaling on Macro Cell• Simultaneous data on both cells• Non-ideal backhaul between cells

• Pros of Dual Connectivity• Throughput/Capacity

Enhancements• Minimizing the cell edge issues

• Cons of Dual Connectivity• Latency due to non-ideal backhaul • Additional processing at UE/eNB

8/25/2014 35

Carrier1 (f1)

Macro Cell (MeNB)

Carrier2 (f2)

Small Cell (SeNB)

Non-Ideal Backhaul (X2)

Contents






• Final Remarks

8/25/2014 36

Capabilities of Future IMT systems

8/25/2014 37

100 Mbps

Mobility

Low

High

New IMT System

EnhancedIMT-Advanced

New IMT System for Local Area Access

IMT-2000

1 Gbps Peak Data Rate10 Gbps

Source: IMT.VISION Oct’13

5G Requirements

8/25/2014 38Source: METIS/ITU-R

5G Metrics

• High Network Capacity

• Uniform Connectivity Experience

• Higher Service Quality and User Experience

5G Requirements

8/25/2014 39

Candidate Technologies• New Physical Layer Waveforms

• mmWave Technologies

• Massive MIMO and Advanced-Interference Mitigation

• Full-Duplex

• Multi-Radio Small Cell Networks

• Advanced D2D

• Energy-Efficient Networking

• Advanced M2M Technologies for IoT

• New Architectures and PHY/MAC Design for Ultra-Low Latency

• Others …

8/25/2014 40

New Physical Layer Waveforms

8/25/2014 41

Traditional Orthogonal Multiple Access Techniques:• FDMA [1G]• TDMA [2G]• CDMA [3G]• OFDMA [4G]

New Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) claims these for higher processing power:• Better interference cancelation• Higher capacity• Better latency for MTC type

applications

mmWave Technologies

• Frequencies ranging from 3 to 300 GHz

• 60 GHz technologies have already been standardized for short-range applications in IEEE 802.11ad

• Also strongly considered for small-cell backhaul deployments

8/25/2014 42

Massive MIMO

• Massive MIMO uses very large number of antennas to multiplex data for multiple users over each time-frequency resource.

• Reduces both intra and inter cell interference

• Essential technology to achieve effective cell range

8/25/2014 43

Full Duplex Radios

• Why are radios half duplex? • Self-Interference is a hundred billion times (110dB+) stronger than

the received signal

• Do we know what we are transmitting?• Does it translate to doubling of throughput in practice?

8/25/2014 44

TX

RX

RX

TX

Radio 1 Radio 2

Multi-Radio Small Cell Networks

8/25/2014 45

WiFi-AP Femto-AP

Relay StationM2M Hotspot

Integrated-AP

Pico-BS

Multi-tier

Multi-radio

Distributed Antennas/CRAN

Wireless backhaul

Wireless Access

Wired backhaul

Distributed Antennas

Client Relay

Self

-Org

aniz

ing

Net

wo

rk

Source: IEEE C80216-10_0016

Device-to-Device

CRAN

Fiber

5G M2M/IoT Challenges

8/25/2014 46

Challenges:Optimized for H2HMobile High throughputAlways connected

Remote Cams

Temp sensors

Smart Water Meter

Smart Gas Meter

MTC on GPRS Low-costLow-powerInefficient

Replace GPRSMore devicesSpectral efficiencyOne RAT

GPRS Network

5G

Ene

rgy

Har

vest

ing

Massive Number ofLow-Cost MTC

Mission-Critical MTC

H2

H C

om

mu

nic

atio

ns

Challenges:Extreme RequirementsNo to High QoSUltra-Low LatencyMassive number of IoT devicesEnergy Harvesting use case

Contents






• Final Remarks

8/25/2014 47

5G Collaborative University Research Program

URO facts:

• Collaborative university research on future technologies

• Provides grants to academic researchers selected through an semi-open RFP process

• Often works with industry partners and other organizations

Program facts:

• Name: “5G: Transforming the Wireless User Experience”

8/25/2014 48

5G Technical Requirements

8/25/2014 49

High Service QualityService and context specific optimizations

Uniform Connectivity ExperienceConsistent and reliable wireless throughout network

Disruptive Growth in Network Capacity

High data rate per user, and support high density of usersRate

Rate

QOE

More than peak service rate!

5G MetricsQuantifying Technical Objectives

8/25/2014 50

High Network Capacity

More than 10x enhancement in peak data rates (bits/s)

More than 10x enhancement in area spectral efficiency (bits/s/Hz/meters2)

Overall, more than 100x improvement in network capacity (bits/s/meters2)

Uniform Connectivity Experience

Greater than 10x reduction in data rate variability between cell-edge and cell-center users (lowest 1% to highest 99%)

Greater or equal spectral efficiency and energy efficiency

High Service Quality and User Experience

More than 10x increase in number of users achieving target service quality

More than 10x reduction in the overall information rate (bits/s) required to satisfy target service quality

More than 10x reduction in device power consumption

5G Candidate Technologies

8/25/2014 51

Approach Candidate Technology

Enabling New Spectrum

Increase network capacity

Increasing Spectral Efficiency

Increase capacity and improve connectivity

Exploiting Multiple RATs

Increase capacity and improve connectivity

Exploiting Context Awareness

Improve service quality

High frequency SpectrumSpectrum sharing

Spectrum reuseAdvanced interference mitigationLarge-scale MIMOFull-Duplex

Spectrum aggregationMulti-radio HetNets Intelligent network selection

Application awarenessCross-layer optimizationDevice-context, power efficiencyDevice sharing

Contents






• Final Remarks

8/25/2014 52

Summary

• Key Technologies• mmWave Technologies

• Massive MIMO and Advanced-Interference Mitigation

• Full-Duplex

• Multi-Radio Small Cell Networks

• Advanced D2D

• Energy-Efficient Networking

• Advanced M2M Technologies for IoT

• New Architectures and PHY/MAC Design for Ultra-Low Latency

8/25/2014 53Let’s make 5G happen

Q & A

8/25/2014 54

Thank You

8/25/2014 55