Marc Trudel Fisheries and Oceans Canada High Seas Salmon Program Canada-USA Salmon Shelf Survival Study.
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Marc TrudelFisheries and Oceans Canada
High Seas Salmon Program
Canada-USA Salmon Shelf Survival Study
Snake River Spring Chinook Survival
0
1
2
3
4
5
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Ocean entry year
Ma
rin
e s
urv
iva
l (%
)
Data from Scheuerell and Williams (2005)
Program objectives
Assess the effects of ocean conditions and climate change on the distribution, migration, growth, and survival of Pacific salmon.
140°W 137°W 134°W 131°W 128°W 125°W 122°W
44°N
46°N
48°N
50°N
52°N
54°N
56°N
58°N
60°N
Canada-USA Salmon Shelf Survival Study
(1998-2006)
Vancouver Is.
TRIANGLE I.
HECATE ST.
FORRESTER I.
ICY POINT
PORTLAND INLET
RIVERS INLET
LAPEROUSE BK
Columbia River Salmon distribution & migration
JUNE-AUGUST CW T RECOVERIESOF COLUMBIA-SNAKE RIVER
AGE 0.0 CHINOOK1995 - 2004
JUNE-AUGUST CW T RECOVERIESOF COLUMBIA-SNAKE RIVER
AGE 1.0 CHINOOK1995 - 2004
Juvenile Columbia-Snake River Chinook
Jun – Aug Jun – Aug
Fall Chinook Spring Chinook
SEP-NOV CW T RECOVERIESOF COLUMBIA-SNAKE RIVER
AGE 0.0 CHINOOK1995 - 2004
SEP-NOV CW T RECOVERIESOF COLUMBIA-SNAKE RIVER
AGE 1.0 CHINOOK1995 - 2004
Sep – Nov Sep – Nov
Spring Chinook Salmon Migration Speed
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Nu
mb
er o
f fi
sh
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Nu
mb
er o
f fi
sh
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Migration speed (km/d)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Nu
mb
er o
f fi
sh
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Lower Columbia River
Upper Columbia River
Snake River
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400
2
4
6
8
10
Migration speed (km/d)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 400
1
2
3
4
5
6
Lower Columbia River
Upper Columbia River
Snake River
Spring Chinook Fall Chinook
Juvenile CR Spring Chinook Migration
Ocean Conditions& Salmon growth
Coho Growth Rate (May-Oct)
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
Year
Gro
wth
rat
es (
mm
/d)
Southeast Alaska
Southern British Columbia
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
Year
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n r
ates
(%
BW
/d)
Coho Feeding Rate (May-Oct)
Southeast Alaska
Southern British Columbia
0
100
200
300
400
500
120 150 180 210 240 270 300
Day of the year
Mas
s (g
)
900 cal/g
700 cal/g
Simulated Growth of Coho (May-Oct)
Ocean Conditions& Salmon Survival
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
Ocean Entry Year
Sm
olt
-to
-Ad
ult
Su
rviv
al (
%)
Coho Marine Survival
Southeast Alaska
Southern British Columbia
WCVI Coho Growth Rate (mm/d)
1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30
Sm
olt
-to
-Ad
ult
Su
rviv
al (
%)
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
SAR = 1.6 · G4.1
R2 = 0.91
98
99
02
0001
Snake River Spring Chinook Survival
SAR from Scheuerell and Williams (2005)
03
04
05
1. CR Fall Chinook establish coastal residence
2. CR Spring Chinook and Coho- Rapid northward migration- CR resident off WCVI and WA- Some southward migration (LOCR & SR)
3. Higher growth and survival in Alaska than southern BC
4. Marine survival of CR Chinook correlated to growth potential in British Columbia
5. Changes in growth likely due to changes in prey quality
Summary
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.01
94
0
19
45
19
50
19
55
19
60
19
65
19
70
19
75
19
80
19
85
19
90
19
95
20
00
20
05
Ocean Entry Year
SS
T A
no
ma
ly (
°C)
West Coast of Vancouver Island Temperature
SR SAR
SAR from Scheuerell and Williams (2005)
Acknowledgements
David Welch (DFO - Nanaimo)Terry Beacham (DFO - Nanaimo)John Candy (DFO - Nanaimo)Dave Higgs (DFO - West Vancouver)Rusty Sweeting (DFO - Nanaimo)Joe Fisher (OSU - Corvalis)
Frank Whitney (DFO - Victoria)Howard Freeland (DFO - Victoria)Moira Galbraith (DFO - Victoria)Dave Mackas (DFO - Victoria)Jen Zamon (NMFS - Oregon)Joe Orsi (NMFS - Juneau)
J. Morris, M. Thiess, T. Zubkowski, H. MacLean, D. Anderson, E. Demers, P. Eveson, J. Fitzgerald, S. Grant, M. Jacobs, N. Jacques, A. Ladouceur, R. Lauzon, J. Love, G. Moody, M. Robert, S. Romaine, S. Towes, S. Tucker, T. Walker, J. Wickstead, M. Wyeth, and many other volunteers
CCGS W.E. Ricker, F.V. Ocean Selector, F.V. Frosti
Funding: DFO, Bonneville Power Administration
1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004C
ou
nts
X 1
000
0
100
200
300
400
500
1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Co
un
ts X
100
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Co
un
ts X
100
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Ocean Entry Year
1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Co
un
ts X
100
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Spring Chinook
Fall Chinook
Coho
Steelhead
Salmon & Steelhead Returns to the Bonneville Dam
Data from Fish Passage Center
FEB-MAY CW T RECOVERIESOF COLUMBIA-SNAKE RIVER
AGE 1.0 COHO1995 - 2004
JUNE-AUGUST CW T RECOVERIESOF COLUMBIA-SNAKE RIVER
AGE 1.0 COHO1995 - 2004
SEP-NOV CW T RECOVERIESOF COLUMBIA-SNAKE RIVER
AGE 1.0 COHO1995 - 2004
FEB-MAY CW T RECOVERIESOF COLUMBIA-SNAKE RIVER
AGE 1.1 COHO1995 - 2004
Columbia River Coho
Apr – May Jun – Aug
Sep – Nov Feb – May
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