Manure Management: Robb Meinen Presentation for PLAA Meeting 3-21-2015

Robb MeinenPenn State Dept. of Dairy & Animal Science

(814) 865-5986rjm134@psu.edu

Manure ManagementPLAA

March 21, 2015

Animal Operations in PA

CAFOs (365+)

CAOs (1,050+)

AOs (63,000+)

Goodlander, SCC

Every farm that generates or utilizes manure needs a plan. Who needs what plan?

• CAFO – Act 38 plan• CAO – Act 38 plan• Importer from CAFO or CAO – Act 38 Nutrient

Balance Sheet

• AO and their importers – – DEP Manure Mgmt Plan or– DEP Manure Mgmt Plan Nutrient Balance Sheet or– Act 38 Plan or– Other plan approved by DEP

Pa’s Clean Streams Law

Manure Management Plan Requirements

Section 1 – General Information

Contact Information Page (p.2)

Section 1 – General Information

Operation Information Page (p.3)

Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing

Environmentally Sensitive Areas Worksheet (p.4)

Section 3

Farm Map – Base Information

Section 3

Farm Map – Additional Information

Section 3

Farm Map

PA One Stopwww.paonestop.org

Environmentally Sensitive Areas

WELLS

PONDS

STREAMS

Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing

Environmentally Sensitive Areas Worksheet

Determining Manure Application Setbacks

35 ft Setback if:• Permanent vegetated buffer

50 ft Setback if:• Soil Test <200 ppm P• No-till practices used• Residue or cover crop

100 ft Setback if:• No BMPs

• No mechanical manure application within 100 feet of an existing open sinkhole

Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing

Environmentally Sensitive Areas Worksheet

100 ft

Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing

Environmentally Sensitive Areas Worksheet

100 ft

100 ft

Environmentally sensitive areas and setbacks must be shown on the map

www.paonestop.org

Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing

Winter Application Worksheet (p.5)

Winter ManureApplication= High Risk

Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing

Winter Application Worksheet

Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing

Winter Application Worksheet

Winter Application• High & Dry• Ground cover• Prioritize application to locations that will

minimize risk• Low app rates over more acres• Skip strips when applying on snow to provide a

alternating breaks between manured and non-manured areas

• Skip and give wide breaks in subtle low areas and preferential water flow paths

Diminishing Returns – applying over more acres limits risk and makes economic sense

• General Characteristics of Response Curves• Diminishing Returns Curve – not linear!

Growth Factor (Nutrient)

Pla

nt R

espo

nse

1 - Critical Level

Non-responsive Range

Nutrient not limiting(some other factor limiting)

F1

F2

F1 = F2 = F3 = F4

R1 > R2 > R3 > R4

2- Nutrient limiting

3 - Responsive Range

R1

R2

R3

F3

F4

R4

Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing

Winter Application WorksheetNRCS Crop Residue

Cover Crop

Crop Residue

Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing

Winter Application Worksheet

15%Max

No D slope application

Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing

Winter Application Worksheet

35 ft Vegetated Buffer

50 ft Setback 100 ft Setback

Determining Crop Groups & Yields

Complete Crop Group & Yield ColumnManure Management Plan Exercise

Crop Group and Yield (a)

Manure Group (b)

Application Season (c )

Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI *

(d)

Incorporation Timing (e)

Commercial Fertilizer

Application Rate (f)

Fields where this crop group can be used (g)

Corn Silage (23 T/A)

Corn Silage After Alfalfa (23 T/A)

Grass Hay (4 T/A)

Determining Crop Groups & Yields

Manure Management Plan Summary (p.6)

Note: No manure is applied to alfalfa on this farm so it is not listed.

Determining Manure Groups

Complete Manure Group columnManure Management Plan Exercise

Crop Group and Yield (a)

Manure Group (b)

Application Season (c )

Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI *

(d)

Incorporation Timing (e)

Commercial Fertilizer

Application Rate (f)

Fields where this crop group can be used (g)

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy

Corn Silage After Alfalfa (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy

Grass Hay (4 T/A) Liquid Dairy

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy

Determining Manure Groups

Manure Management Plan Summary (p.6)

Determining Application Seasons

Complete application season columnManure Management Plan Exercise

Crop Group and Yield (a)

Manure Group (b)

Application Season (c )

Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI *

(d)

Incorporation Timing (e)

Commercial Fertilizer

Application Rate (f)

Fields where this crop group can be used (g)

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring

Corn Silage After Alfalfa (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring

Grass Hay (4 T/A) Liquid Dairy Summer

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Spring

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Fall

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Fall

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Winter

Determining Application Seasons

Manure Management Plan Summary (p.6)

Determining Incorporation Timing

Complete incorporation timing column

Crop Group and Yield (a)

Manure Group (b)

Application Season (c )

Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI *

(d)

Incorporation Timing (e)

Commercial Fertilizer

Application Rate (f)

Fields where this crop group can be used (g)

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring No lncorporation

Corn Silage After Alfalfa (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring Inc. < 1 Week

Grass Hay (4 T/A) Liquid Dairy SummerNo

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Spring No lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Fall No lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Fall No lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Winter Cover Crop

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring Inc. < 1 Week

Determining Incorporation Timing

Manure Management Plan Summary (p.6)

Manure Application Method

Spring Incorporation within 1 day Incorporation within 1 week No Incorporation

Fall No Incorporation

Winter With cover crop No cover crop

Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing

Manure Application Rates and Timing

Complete Listing of typical application rates (if known)

Crop Group and Yield (a)

Manure Group (b)

Application Season (c )

Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI *

(d)

Incorporation Timing (e)

Commercial Fertilizer

Application Rate (f)

Fields where this crop group can be used (g)

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring9000 gal/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage After Alfalfa (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring

9000 gal/AInc. < 1 Week

Grass Hay (4 T/A) Liquid Dairy Summer4000 gal/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Spring25 ton/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Fall9000 gal/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Fall25 ton/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Winter25 ton/A

Cover Crop

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring9000 gal/A

Inc. < 1 Week

List Typical Application Rates

Manure Management Plan Summary (p.6)

• Agronomy Facts 68: Manure Spreader Calibration– http://panutrientmgmt.cas.psu.edu/pdf/Facts68.pdf

Manure Spreader Calibration Factsheet

MMM Manure Application Rate Tables Nutrient Balance Sheets

Crop Group and Yield (a)

Manure Group (b)

Application Season (c )

Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI *

(d)

Incorporation Timing (e)

Commercial Fertilizer

Application Rate (f)

Fields where this crop group can be used (g)

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring9000 gal/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage After Alfalfa (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring

9000 gal/AInc. < 1 Week

Grass Hay (4 T/A) Liquid Dairy Summer4000 gal/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Spring25 ton/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Fall9000 gal/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Fall25 ton/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Winter25 ton/A

Cover Crop

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring9000 gal/A

Inc. < 1 Week

Using the MMM Manure Application Rate Tables

Step 1: Find the table in the back of the MMM (Appendix 1) for:

1. Rate basis N or P-N only if soil test

>200ppm

2. Type of manure

Step 2: Find the crop in the table

Example Table (p.7)

Corn Silage Yield Groups (ton/A)  Manure Application Rate

AdjustmentFor each 1000 gal/A less than the rate in the table, 

apply lbs. N fertilizer listed below.

  17-21 22-25 26-29 30-33

Manure Application Method

Manure gal/A

Fert N  lb/A

Manure gal/A

Fert N  lb/A

Manure gal/A

Fert N  lb/A

Manure gal/A

Fert N  lb/A

Spring Incorporation within 1 day 9000 0 11000 0 14000 0 16000 0 14Spring Incorporation within 1 week 13000 0 16000 0 16000 35 16000 65 10Spring No Incorporation 16000 40 16000 70 16000 100 16000 130 6Fall  16000 40 16000 70 16000 100 16000 130 6Winter with cover crop 5000 75 5000 105 5000 135 5000 165 11Winter No cover crop 5000 100 5000 130 5000 160 5000 190 6

• No more than 9000 gal/A of liquid manure can be applied in a single application.

• Spilt higher rates into multiple applications.

1. Find the yield at the top2. Find the application method in the left column3. Read the rate from the table

Crop Group and Yield (a)

Manure Group (b)

Application Season (c )

Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI *

(d)

Incorporation Timing (e)

Commercial Fertilizer

Application Rate (f)

Fields where this crop group can be used (g)

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring 9000 gal/AC

No lncorporation

Corn Silage After Alfalfa (23 T/A)

Liquid Dairy Spring9000 gal/A

Inc. < 1 Week

Grass Hay (4 T/A) Liquid Dairy Summer4000 gal/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Spring25 ton/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Fall9000 gal/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Fall25 ton/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Winter25 ton/A

Cover Crop

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring9000 gal/A

Inc. < 1 Week

Using the MMM Manure Application Rate Tables

Farmer’s normal rate = 9000 gal/A.

This is less than the table rate of 16,000 gal/A.

Therefore the normal rate is OK.

Corn Silage Yield Groups (ton/A)  Manure Application Rate

AdjustmentFor each 1000 gal/A less than the rate in the table, 

apply lbs. N fertilizer listed below.

  17-21 22-25 26-29 30-33

Manure Application Method

Manure gal/A

Fert N  lb/A

Manure gal/A

Fert N  lb/A

Manure gal/A

Fert N  lb/A

Manure gal/A

Fert N  lb/A

Spring Incorporation within 1 day 9000 0 11000 0 14000 0 16000 0 14Spring Incorporation within 1 week 13000 0 16000 0 16000 35 16000 65 10Spring No Incorporation 16000 40 16000 70 16000 100 16000 130 6Fall  16000 40 16000 70 16000 100 16000 130 6Winter with cover crop 5000 75 5000 105 5000 135 5000 165 11Winter No cover crop 5000 100 5000 130 5000 160 5000 190 6

Crop Group and Yield (a)

Manure Group (b)

Application Season (c )

Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI *

(d)

Incorporation Timing (e)

Commercial Fertilizer

Application Rate (f)

Fields where this crop group can be used (g)

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring 9000 gal/AC

No lncorporation

112 lb N/A All Fields

Corn Silage After Alfalfa (23 T/A)

Liquid Dairy Spring9000 gal/A

Inc. < 1 Week

Grass Hay (4 T/A) Liquid Dairy Summer4000 gal/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Spring25 ton/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Fall9000 gal/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Fall25 ton/A No

lncorporation

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Winter25 ton/A

Cover Crop

Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring9000 gal/A

Inc. < 1 Week

Using the MMM Manure Application Rate Tables

Section 5 – Managing Manure Storage in Structures and Stockpiling/Stacking Areas

Manure Storage Facilities Worksheet (p.8)

Section 5 – Managing Manure Storage in Structures and Stockpiling/Stacking Areas

Solid Manure StoragesSolid

Manure Storages

No specific monthly documentation is required for solid manure storage facilities

Section 5 – Managing Manure Storage in Structures and Stockpiling/Stacking Areas

Manure Stockingpiling and Stacking Areas

• Requirements for manure stacking at the farmstead– Manure stacking in the farmstead must use an improved stacking pad or covered area

– NRCS or conservation district specialists can provide assistance

Section 5 – Managing Manure Storage in Structures and Stockpiling/Stacking Areas

Manure Stockpiling and Stacking Areas

Unimproved & Unacceptable

Farmstead Manure Stacking

Section 5 – Managing Manure Storage in Structures and Stockpiling/Stacking Areas

Manure Stockingpiling and Field Stacking Areas• Requirements for temporary stacking in non-farmstead areas 

such as crop fields: – Keep at least 100 feet from sensitive areas

• Streams, lakes, ponds, open sinkholes, drinking water wells– Cannot be placed within an area of concentrated water flow

• Swale, ditch or waterway– Use properly constructed improved stacking pads whenever possible– In-field stacking areas should not be in the same location each year– High & Dry - Place at the top of a hill, where possible

• Divert upslope water away from stacking areas– Place on areas with less than 8% slope.– Manure must be dry enough to allow for stacking at least 4 feet in 

height– Limit volume to amount  that can be spread on fields nearby to the 

stack– Stack must be covered if it will be in place longer than 120 days

Section 5 – Managing Manure Storage in Structures and Stockpiling/Stacking Areas

Manure Stockpiling and Stacking Areas

Temporary In-Field Stacking Areas

Complete Manure Storage Facilities Worksheet

Section 5 – Managing Manure Storage in Structures and Stockpiling/Stacking Areas

Manure Storage Facilities Worksheet (p.8)

Guidance Example: Page 19

Section 6 - Pasture Management

Pasture Management Decisions

Evaluating Dense Vegetation

Standard – Maintain Density & Height

AcceptableUnacceptable

Evaluating Dense Vegetation

Standard – Maintain Density & Height

Acceptable ???

Evaluating Dense Vegetation

Standard – Maintain Density & Height

Evaluating Dense Vegetation

Standard – Maintain Density & Height

Rotational Lot Management Systems

Sacrifice Lot (1 acre)

Paddock 1 (3 acres)

Paddock 2 (3 acres)

Paddock 3 (3 acres)

Barn

Complete pasture management Worksheet

Section 6 - Pasture Management

Pasture Management Worksheet (p.9)

Guidance Example: Page 21

Section 7 – Animal Concentration Areas

Section 7 – Animal Concentration Areas

Managing ACAS

ACA Identification

ACA Identification“Lot” ACAs

ACA Identification“Lot” ACAs

ACA Identification“Lot” ACAs

ACA Identification“Lot” ACAs

ACA Identification“Lot” ACAs

ACA Identification“Lot” ACAs

ACA Identification“Lot” ACAs

ACA Identification“Lot” ACAs

ACA Identification“Potential” ACAs

ACA Identification“Potential” ACAs

ACA Identification“Potential” ACAs

Evaluating ACAs

Section 7 – Animal Concentration Areas

Animal Concentration Areas Worksheet Part 1 (p.9)

Section 7 – Animal Concentration Areas

Animal Concentration Areas Worksheet Part 2 (p.10)

Complete animal concentration areas Worksheet

Section 4 - Recordkeeping

Recordkeeping

MMM Resources

http://panutrientmgmt.cas.psu.edu/

Penn State Extension http://Extension.psu.edu

Penn State Extension Crop Management Team http://Extension.psu.edu/CMEG

Penn State Extension Nutrient Management Program http://panutrientmgmt.cas.psu.edu

Robb Meinenrjm134@psu.edu(814) 865-5986

Jerry Martinjmartin@psu.edu(717) 394-6851

Douglas Beegle dbb@psu.edu

(814) 863-1016