Robb Meinen Penn State Dept. of Dairy & Animal Science (814) 865-5986 [email protected] Manure Management PLAA March 21, 2015
Jul 16, 2015
Robb MeinenPenn State Dept. of Dairy & Animal Science
(814) [email protected]
Manure ManagementPLAA
March 21, 2015
Animal Operations in PA
CAFOs (365+)
CAOs (1,050+)
AOs (63,000+)
Goodlander, SCC
Every farm that generates or utilizes manure needs a plan. Who needs what plan?
• CAFO – Act 38 plan• CAO – Act 38 plan• Importer from CAFO or CAO – Act 38 Nutrient
Balance Sheet
• AO and their importers – – DEP Manure Mgmt Plan or– DEP Manure Mgmt Plan Nutrient Balance Sheet or– Act 38 Plan or– Other plan approved by DEP
Pa’s Clean Streams Law
Manure Management Plan Requirements
Section 1 – General Information
Contact Information Page (p.2)
Section 1 – General Information
Operation Information Page (p.3)
Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing
Environmentally Sensitive Areas Worksheet (p.4)
Section 3
Farm Map – Base Information
Section 3
Farm Map – Additional Information
Section 3
Farm Map
PA One Stopwww.paonestop.org
Environmentally Sensitive Areas
WELLS
PONDS
STREAMS
Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing
Environmentally Sensitive Areas Worksheet
Determining Manure Application Setbacks
35 ft Setback if:• Permanent vegetated buffer
50 ft Setback if:• Soil Test <200 ppm P• No-till practices used• Residue or cover crop
100 ft Setback if:• No BMPs
• No mechanical manure application within 100 feet of an existing open sinkhole
Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing
Environmentally Sensitive Areas Worksheet
100 ft
Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing
Environmentally Sensitive Areas Worksheet
100 ft
100 ft
Environmentally sensitive areas and setbacks must be shown on the map
www.paonestop.org
Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing
Winter Application Worksheet (p.5)
Winter ManureApplication= High Risk
Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing
Winter Application Worksheet
Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing
Winter Application Worksheet
Winter Application• High & Dry• Ground cover• Prioritize application to locations that will
minimize risk• Low app rates over more acres• Skip strips when applying on snow to provide a
alternating breaks between manured and non-manured areas
• Skip and give wide breaks in subtle low areas and preferential water flow paths
Diminishing Returns – applying over more acres limits risk and makes economic sense
• General Characteristics of Response Curves• Diminishing Returns Curve – not linear!
Growth Factor (Nutrient)
Pla
nt R
espo
nse
1 - Critical Level
Non-responsive Range
Nutrient not limiting(some other factor limiting)
F1
F2
F1 = F2 = F3 = F4
R1 > R2 > R3 > R4
2- Nutrient limiting
3 - Responsive Range
R1
R2
R3
F3
F4
R4
Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing
Winter Application WorksheetNRCS Crop Residue
Cover Crop
Crop Residue
Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing
Winter Application Worksheet
15%Max
No D slope application
Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing
Winter Application Worksheet
35 ft Vegetated Buffer
50 ft Setback 100 ft Setback
Determining Crop Groups & Yields
Complete Crop Group & Yield ColumnManure Management Plan Exercise
Crop Group and Yield (a)
Manure Group (b)
Application Season (c )
Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI *
(d)
Incorporation Timing (e)
Commercial Fertilizer
Application Rate (f)
Fields where this crop group can be used (g)
Corn Silage (23 T/A)
Corn Silage After Alfalfa (23 T/A)
Grass Hay (4 T/A)
Determining Crop Groups & Yields
Manure Management Plan Summary (p.6)
Note: No manure is applied to alfalfa on this farm so it is not listed.
Determining Manure Groups
Complete Manure Group columnManure Management Plan Exercise
Crop Group and Yield (a)
Manure Group (b)
Application Season (c )
Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI *
(d)
Incorporation Timing (e)
Commercial Fertilizer
Application Rate (f)
Fields where this crop group can be used (g)
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy
Corn Silage After Alfalfa (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy
Grass Hay (4 T/A) Liquid Dairy
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy
Determining Manure Groups
Manure Management Plan Summary (p.6)
Determining Application Seasons
Complete application season columnManure Management Plan Exercise
Crop Group and Yield (a)
Manure Group (b)
Application Season (c )
Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI *
(d)
Incorporation Timing (e)
Commercial Fertilizer
Application Rate (f)
Fields where this crop group can be used (g)
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring
Corn Silage After Alfalfa (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring
Grass Hay (4 T/A) Liquid Dairy Summer
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Spring
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Fall
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Fall
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Winter
Determining Application Seasons
Manure Management Plan Summary (p.6)
Determining Incorporation Timing
Complete incorporation timing column
Crop Group and Yield (a)
Manure Group (b)
Application Season (c )
Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI *
(d)
Incorporation Timing (e)
Commercial Fertilizer
Application Rate (f)
Fields where this crop group can be used (g)
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring No lncorporation
Corn Silage After Alfalfa (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring Inc. < 1 Week
Grass Hay (4 T/A) Liquid Dairy SummerNo
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Spring No lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Fall No lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Fall No lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Winter Cover Crop
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring Inc. < 1 Week
Determining Incorporation Timing
Manure Management Plan Summary (p.6)
Manure Application Method
Spring Incorporation within 1 day Incorporation within 1 week No Incorporation
Fall No Incorporation
Winter With cover crop No cover crop
Section 2 – Mechanical Manure Application Rates and Timing
Manure Application Rates and Timing
Complete Listing of typical application rates (if known)
Crop Group and Yield (a)
Manure Group (b)
Application Season (c )
Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI *
(d)
Incorporation Timing (e)
Commercial Fertilizer
Application Rate (f)
Fields where this crop group can be used (g)
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring9000 gal/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage After Alfalfa (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring
9000 gal/AInc. < 1 Week
Grass Hay (4 T/A) Liquid Dairy Summer4000 gal/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Spring25 ton/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Fall9000 gal/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Fall25 ton/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Winter25 ton/A
Cover Crop
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring9000 gal/A
Inc. < 1 Week
List Typical Application Rates
Manure Management Plan Summary (p.6)
• Agronomy Facts 68: Manure Spreader Calibration– http://panutrientmgmt.cas.psu.edu/pdf/Facts68.pdf
Manure Spreader Calibration Factsheet
MMM Manure Application Rate Tables Nutrient Balance Sheets
Crop Group and Yield (a)
Manure Group (b)
Application Season (c )
Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI *
(d)
Incorporation Timing (e)
Commercial Fertilizer
Application Rate (f)
Fields where this crop group can be used (g)
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring9000 gal/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage After Alfalfa (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring
9000 gal/AInc. < 1 Week
Grass Hay (4 T/A) Liquid Dairy Summer4000 gal/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Spring25 ton/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Fall9000 gal/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Fall25 ton/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Winter25 ton/A
Cover Crop
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring9000 gal/A
Inc. < 1 Week
Using the MMM Manure Application Rate Tables
Step 1: Find the table in the back of the MMM (Appendix 1) for:
1. Rate basis N or P-N only if soil test
>200ppm
2. Type of manure
Step 2: Find the crop in the table
Example Table (p.7)
Corn Silage Yield Groups (ton/A) Manure Application Rate
AdjustmentFor each 1000 gal/A less than the rate in the table,
apply lbs. N fertilizer listed below.
17-21 22-25 26-29 30-33
Manure Application Method
Manure gal/A
Fert N lb/A
Manure gal/A
Fert N lb/A
Manure gal/A
Fert N lb/A
Manure gal/A
Fert N lb/A
Spring Incorporation within 1 day 9000 0 11000 0 14000 0 16000 0 14Spring Incorporation within 1 week 13000 0 16000 0 16000 35 16000 65 10Spring No Incorporation 16000 40 16000 70 16000 100 16000 130 6Fall 16000 40 16000 70 16000 100 16000 130 6Winter with cover crop 5000 75 5000 105 5000 135 5000 165 11Winter No cover crop 5000 100 5000 130 5000 160 5000 190 6
• No more than 9000 gal/A of liquid manure can be applied in a single application.
• Spilt higher rates into multiple applications.
1. Find the yield at the top2. Find the application method in the left column3. Read the rate from the table
Crop Group and Yield (a)
Manure Group (b)
Application Season (c )
Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI *
(d)
Incorporation Timing (e)
Commercial Fertilizer
Application Rate (f)
Fields where this crop group can be used (g)
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring 9000 gal/AC
No lncorporation
Corn Silage After Alfalfa (23 T/A)
Liquid Dairy Spring9000 gal/A
Inc. < 1 Week
Grass Hay (4 T/A) Liquid Dairy Summer4000 gal/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Spring25 ton/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Fall9000 gal/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Fall25 ton/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Winter25 ton/A
Cover Crop
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring9000 gal/A
Inc. < 1 Week
Using the MMM Manure Application Rate Tables
Farmer’s normal rate = 9000 gal/A.
This is less than the table rate of 16,000 gal/A.
Therefore the normal rate is OK.
Corn Silage Yield Groups (ton/A) Manure Application Rate
AdjustmentFor each 1000 gal/A less than the rate in the table,
apply lbs. N fertilizer listed below.
17-21 22-25 26-29 30-33
Manure Application Method
Manure gal/A
Fert N lb/A
Manure gal/A
Fert N lb/A
Manure gal/A
Fert N lb/A
Manure gal/A
Fert N lb/A
Spring Incorporation within 1 day 9000 0 11000 0 14000 0 16000 0 14Spring Incorporation within 1 week 13000 0 16000 0 16000 35 16000 65 10Spring No Incorporation 16000 40 16000 70 16000 100 16000 130 6Fall 16000 40 16000 70 16000 100 16000 130 6Winter with cover crop 5000 75 5000 105 5000 135 5000 165 11Winter No cover crop 5000 100 5000 130 5000 160 5000 190 6
Crop Group and Yield (a)
Manure Group (b)
Application Season (c )
Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI *
(d)
Incorporation Timing (e)
Commercial Fertilizer
Application Rate (f)
Fields where this crop group can be used (g)
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring 9000 gal/AC
No lncorporation
112 lb N/A All Fields
Corn Silage After Alfalfa (23 T/A)
Liquid Dairy Spring9000 gal/A
Inc. < 1 Week
Grass Hay (4 T/A) Liquid Dairy Summer4000 gal/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Spring25 ton/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Fall9000 gal/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Fall25 ton/A No
lncorporation
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Solid Dairy Winter25 ton/A
Cover Crop
Corn Silage (23 T/A) Liquid Dairy Spring9000 gal/A
Inc. < 1 Week
Using the MMM Manure Application Rate Tables
Section 5 – Managing Manure Storage in Structures and Stockpiling/Stacking Areas
Manure Storage Facilities Worksheet (p.8)
Section 5 – Managing Manure Storage in Structures and Stockpiling/Stacking Areas
Solid Manure StoragesSolid
Manure Storages
No specific monthly documentation is required for solid manure storage facilities
Section 5 – Managing Manure Storage in Structures and Stockpiling/Stacking Areas
Manure Stockingpiling and Stacking Areas
• Requirements for manure stacking at the farmstead– Manure stacking in the farmstead must use an improved stacking pad or covered area
– NRCS or conservation district specialists can provide assistance
Section 5 – Managing Manure Storage in Structures and Stockpiling/Stacking Areas
Manure Stockpiling and Stacking Areas
Unimproved & Unacceptable
Farmstead Manure Stacking
Section 5 – Managing Manure Storage in Structures and Stockpiling/Stacking Areas
Manure Stockingpiling and Field Stacking Areas• Requirements for temporary stacking in non-farmstead areas
such as crop fields: – Keep at least 100 feet from sensitive areas
• Streams, lakes, ponds, open sinkholes, drinking water wells– Cannot be placed within an area of concentrated water flow
• Swale, ditch or waterway– Use properly constructed improved stacking pads whenever possible– In-field stacking areas should not be in the same location each year– High & Dry - Place at the top of a hill, where possible
• Divert upslope water away from stacking areas– Place on areas with less than 8% slope.– Manure must be dry enough to allow for stacking at least 4 feet in
height– Limit volume to amount that can be spread on fields nearby to the
stack– Stack must be covered if it will be in place longer than 120 days
Section 5 – Managing Manure Storage in Structures and Stockpiling/Stacking Areas
Manure Stockpiling and Stacking Areas
Temporary In-Field Stacking Areas
Complete Manure Storage Facilities Worksheet
Section 5 – Managing Manure Storage in Structures and Stockpiling/Stacking Areas
Manure Storage Facilities Worksheet (p.8)
Guidance Example: Page 19
Section 6 - Pasture Management
Pasture Management Decisions
Evaluating Dense Vegetation
Standard – Maintain Density & Height
AcceptableUnacceptable
Evaluating Dense Vegetation
Standard – Maintain Density & Height
Acceptable ???
Evaluating Dense Vegetation
Standard – Maintain Density & Height
Evaluating Dense Vegetation
Standard – Maintain Density & Height
Rotational Lot Management Systems
Sacrifice Lot (1 acre)
Paddock 1 (3 acres)
Paddock 2 (3 acres)
Paddock 3 (3 acres)
Barn
Complete pasture management Worksheet
Section 6 - Pasture Management
Pasture Management Worksheet (p.9)
Guidance Example: Page 21
Section 7 – Animal Concentration Areas
Section 7 – Animal Concentration Areas
Managing ACAS
ACA Identification
ACA Identification“Lot” ACAs
ACA Identification“Lot” ACAs
ACA Identification“Lot” ACAs
ACA Identification“Lot” ACAs
ACA Identification“Lot” ACAs
ACA Identification“Lot” ACAs
ACA Identification“Lot” ACAs
ACA Identification“Lot” ACAs
ACA Identification“Potential” ACAs
ACA Identification“Potential” ACAs
ACA Identification“Potential” ACAs
Evaluating ACAs
Section 7 – Animal Concentration Areas
Animal Concentration Areas Worksheet Part 1 (p.9)
Section 7 – Animal Concentration Areas
Animal Concentration Areas Worksheet Part 2 (p.10)
Complete animal concentration areas Worksheet
Section 4 - Recordkeeping
Recordkeeping
Penn State Extension http://Extension.psu.edu
Penn State Extension Crop Management Team http://Extension.psu.edu/CMEG
Penn State Extension Nutrient Management Program http://panutrientmgmt.cas.psu.edu
Robb [email protected](814) 865-5986
Jerry [email protected](717) 394-6851
Douglas Beegle [email protected]
(814) 863-1016