Transcript
ARPITA SHARMAPh.D. RESEARCH STUDENT
ARGICULTURAL COMMUNICATION DEPT OF GBPUA&T, PANTNAGAR
EMAIL. ID-arpii2008@gmail.com
Management
Management in business and human organization activity is simply the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling, an organization a group of one or more people or entities or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal.
MASLOW'S NEED HEIRARCHY
• The most basic need emerging first and The most sophisticated need at last
• People move up the hierarchy one level at a time
• As basic or lower-level needs are satisfied, higher-level needs become operative
Friday, April 7, 2023 5
Level I - Physiological Needs
• The most basic human needs include food, water, clothing, shelter.
• The organization helps to satisfy employees' physiological needs
Friday, April 7, 2023 6
Level II - Safety Needs
• The desires for security and stability, to feel safe from harm
• The organization helps to satisfy employees' safety needs by benefits
Friday, April 7, 2023 7
Level III - Social Needs
• The desires for affiliation include friendship and belongingness
• The organization helps to satisfy employees' social needs through sports teams, parties, and celebrations.
Friday, April 7, 2023 8
Level IV - Esteem Needs
• The desires for self-respect and respect or recognition from others.
• The organization helps to satisfy employees' esteem needs by matching the skills and abilities of the employee to the job.
Friday, April 7, 2023 9
Level V - Self-Actualisation Needs
• The desires for self-fulfillment and the realization of the individual's full potential
• The supervisor can help fulfill self-actualization needs by assigning tasks that challenge employees' minds
Friday, April 7, 2023 10
Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory
• Motivator Factors • Achievement • Recognition • Work Itself • Responsibility • Promotion • Growth • Hygiene Factors • Pay and Benefits • Company Policy and Administration • Relationships with co-workers • Physical Environment • Job Security • Salary
BEING A MOTIVATING MANAGER
• Treat staff well • Think like a winner• Recognize the differences • Set realistic goals • Prevent Demotivation • Non-financial rewards
Theory X and Theory Y
Douglas McGregor Philosophical view of humankind with his Theory X and Theory Y in 1960.
Theory X
• People have an inherent dislike for work and will avoid it whenever possible.
• People must be coerced, controlled, directed, or threatened with punishment in order to get them to achieve the organizational objectives.
• People prefer to be directed, do not want responsibility, and have little or no ambition.
• People seek security above all else.
Theory Y
• Work is as natural as play and rest. • People will exercise self-direction if they are
committed to the objectives (they are NOT lazy). • Commitment to objectives is a function of the
rewards associated with their achievement. • People learn to accept and seek responsibility. • Creativity, ingenuity, and imagination are widely
distributed among the population. People are capable of using these abilities to solve an organizational problem.
• People have potential.
Theories of DiffusionTheories of Diffusion 1616April 7, 2023April 7, 2023
McClelland's work is- McClelland's work is-
Achievement motivation (n-ach)
Power motivation (n-pow)
Affiliation motivation (n-affil)
Need for Achievement
• Achievement motivated people thrive on pursuing and attaining goals
• They take moderate risks
• They like to get immediate feedback on how they have done
Friday, April 7, 2023 17
Need for Power
• Power motivated individuals see almost every situation as an opportunity to seize control or dominate others
• They love to influence others• They like to change situations whether or
not it is needed• They are willing to assert themselves
when a decision needs to be made
Friday, April 7, 2023 18
Need for Affiliation
• Affiliation motivated people are usually friendly and like to socialize with others
• They will usually respond to an appeal for cooperation
Friday, April 7, 2023 19
ALDERFER'S ERG
Existence Needs
• These are the desires for material and physical well being
• These needs are satisfied with food, water, air, shelter, working conditions, pay, and fringe benefits
Friday, April 7, 2023 21
Relatedness Needs
• These are the desires to establish and maintain interpersonal relationships
• These needs are satisfied with relationships with family, friends, supervisors, subordinates, and co-workers
Friday, April 7, 2023 22
Growth Needs
These are the desires: To be creative To make useful and productive contributions To have opportunities for personal
development
Friday, April 7, 2023 23
Porter and Lowler Model
Value of RewardValue of Reward
Extrinsic RewardsExtrinsic Rewards
Perceived Effort – Reward ProbabilityPerceived Effort – Reward Probability
Performance Accomplishme
nt
Performance Accomplishme
nt
Intrinsic RewardsIntrinsic RewardsAbility & TraitsAbility & Traits
Satisfaction
SatisfactionEffortsEfforts
Role Perception
Role Perception
Perceived Equitable Rewards
Perceived Equitable Rewards
Friday, April 7, 2023 24
Cognitive Evaluation Theory
• External reward – Internal reward
• Instead of treating external factors like pay, incentives, promotion and internal factors like interest, drives, cognition is to be such that even when external motivators are not there the internal motivation continue.
top related