M. Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology Isfahan university of medical sciences

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Newborn Thyroid Function Tests. M. Hashemipour Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology Isfahan university of medical sciences. Increase in congenital hypothyroidism in New York State and in the United States. Incidence Between1978 -2005 48.3 per100000 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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1

M. HashemipourProfessor of Pediatric Endocrinology Isfahan university of medical sciences

Newborn Thyroid Function Tests

Increase in congenital hypothyroidism in New York State and

in the United States Incidence• Between1978 -2005 48.3 per100000 • 2005 70.7 per100000Asians have a 65% higher incidence than

the average of all infants 98.4/100,000 vs. 59.5/100,000

Mol Genet Metab. 2007 Jul;91(3)

incidence rates of CHHarris and Pass 2007• increase in the incidence rates of CH overthe past 2 decades• New York 1 in 3378 to 1 in 1414 births • United States 1 in 4098 to 1 in 2370 births• Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 2007

ترم 20نوزاد فول تحت= 70TSHروزهگرفته قرار درمان

چگونه دارو مصرف زمان و دوزاست؟

سطح مناسب درمان صورت درطبیعی T4,TSHسرمي زمانی چه در

؟ شد خواهدسرمي سطح حداكثر و و T4حداقل

TSH چه درمان از پس نوزاد اين درباشد؟ باید میزان

Low T4 &Elevated TSH

• Any Infant With A Low T4 Level And Elevated TSH Is Considered To Have

Primary HypothyroidismTSH>10 two weeks Abnormal

• AAP2006

Treatment

The Goal Of Treatment To Ensure Normal Growth &Development

T4 10 To 16 Ug/dlTSH 0/5-2Miu/L

• PEDIATRIC RESEARCH 2009

9

TreatmentGood prognosis • T4 normalizes in 3 days.• TSH returns to the target range by 2 weeks of

therapy.

with 12–17 µg/kg levothyroxin

صورتيكه زمان TSHو T4در درچه نرسيد مناسب حد به معين

است؟ مطرح هائي تشخيص

Failure of increase T4TBG DeficiencyPreparation of L-thyroxin Is Not

Appropriately ActiveAbsorption of L-thyroxin Is IncompleteChild Is Not Receiving The MedicationDrug exposure to high temperature

Failure of increase T4• Malabsorption• increased degradation (anticonvulsants)• large hemangiomas with high deiodinase

activity

Interfere With The Absorption

Soy Formulas (within an hour ) Ferrous Sulfate Aluminum Hydroxide Bile Acid Sequestrants Calcium

هائيمي يادآوري چه مادر به كنيد؟

از که صورتی در فوق بیمار پیشاگهیبار چهار سالگی دو تا TSHششماهگی

است 5باالی چگونه باشد داشته

prognosis

During The First Year Of Life, Infants WithT4 <10 mcg/dlAccompanied By TSH > 15 Mu/L

Have Lower IQ Values Than infantsAAP2006

prognosis• T4 <10 ug/dl in the first year of life was

associated with an 18-point lower IQ compared with T4 above 10u g/d

• J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011

Prognosis

Infant With Initial T4 Level < 5 µg/dl Delay Skeletal Maturation at Birth. May have Permanent Intellectual Sequelae

Prognosis

• If Treatment Is Delayed (after 2 weeks) OR• A Lower Dose Is Used A 20 Point Deficit In Both Mental And

Psychomotor Development Is Observed

Prognosis

• Delay in normalizing serum T4 and TSH by more than 2 wk after starting treatment

resulted 10 point lower IQJ Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011

Prognosisinfants diagnosed by 3 months of age Mean IQ of 89• Between 3 and 6 months Mean IQ of 71 • More than 6 months of age Mean IQ fell to 34J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011

درمان شروع از پس ماه شش TSH=0.01 T4=12

تصمیم؟

پسازدرمان سال 10دوT4=18,TSH =

مشکل این برای علتی چهدارد وجود

سه سن در صورت چه درنمی قطع وی درمان سالگی

شود

Permanent congenital hypothyroidism

TSH> 10 mU/L after the first year of life during treatment

initial thyroid scan shows ectopic/absent gland confirmed by ultrasonographic examination

با ترم فول درمان TSH=25نوزاد تحتبا لووتیروکسین 25قرار گرم میکرو

ماهگی سه سن در است گرفته قرارTSH=0.1

T4=18 تصمیم؟

27

با 14نوزاد • کرده T4=3و TSH=28روزه مراجعهاست.

دارد؟ ضرورت وی در اسکن صورت چه در

Thyroid Radionuclide Uptake

Recommend Routinely In Infants With

TSH>50mu/L

با 14نوزاد =mIU/L 11 TSHروزهT4=10 ug/dl

به توجه با معالج پزشك كرده، مراجعهT4 درمان را Bوي گرفته تصميم طبيعي

پيگيري. باشد صحيح وي اقدام اگر نكنداست چگونه نوزاد اين

if serum TSH is elevated 9–25 mU/liter• Recheck a serum TSH and free T4 in 1 wk. we recommend treating• If the serum TSH has not normalized by 3–4

wk of age OR

• initial TSH is greater than 25 mU/liter• J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011

31

وزن 14نوزاد • با گرم 1300روزه•T4= 4 µg/dl TSH=8mu/L به • توجه و T4با تشخيص TSHپائين معالج پزشك باال

. ؟ چيست شما نظر داد هيپوتيروئيدي

VLBW & Thyroid functionAn Average Age For TSH Rise

Is 30 Days (range, 11–176)

>1500GR

• All VLBW Infants Should Be Rescreened At 2, 6,and 10• Weeks of Age

• .

• AAP99• Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes 2005, .

Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes 2005, 12:36–41

Premature• Currently the evidence base does not indicate

cognitive benefit from thyroid therapy of hypothyroxinemia of prematurity in the absence of TSH elevation.

• AAP2006

Premature• It Would Seem Reasonable At The Present

Time To Treat Any Premature Infant With

A Low T4 And Elevated TSH

Normal Values For T4 Level By Weight

Weight T4(ug/dl)± SD<1000 5.6± 31000-1500 7.7± 2.71500-2000 9.6± 2.72000-2500 11.2± 2.4>2500 12± 2

Normal Values For TSHAge TSH (mU/L) 2–20wk 1.7–9.1 5–24 mo 0.8–8.2 2–7 yr 0.7–6.2

AAP2003

خوار به 1/5شیر طبیعی قد و وزن با ای ماههتیروئید تست بار دو حال به تا کرده مراجعه شما

شده TSH=3 ,T4 =5

T4= 3ug/dl, TSH= 1mU/L وی درمان و تشخیص تایید مورد در شما نظر

چیست؟کاهش باعث است ممکن عللی ؟بشوند T4چه

39

• T3RU• FT4

Low T4 &Normal TSH Anticonvulsants preterm infants NTITBG deficiency Central hypothyroidBirth asphyxia

Low T4 &Normal TSH• primary hypothyroidism and delayed TSH

elevation • High-dose glucocorticoids

سابقه با ماهه هشت خوار شیرمبتال فعال شده کنترل هیپوتیروئیدی

مورد در شما نظر است تشنج بهچیست؟ وی درمان

سابقه 3/5کودک با سالهقطع وی درمان فعال هیپوتیروئیدی

دارد = TSH 8و T4=10شده وی پیگیری مورد در شما تصمیم

است ؟چگونه

سابقه با ای ساله سه کودکقطع وی درمان گذرا هیپوتیروئیدیقطع از پس ازمایشات و است شده

در شما نظر است طبیعی درمان؟ است چگونه وی پیگیری ؟مورد

• it is still high TSH(over 30%) in late childhood.• Children that maintain euthyroidism in late

childhood have higher TSH value• J Clin Endocrin Metab 2008

به 9نوزاد مبتال مادر از روزهدرمان تحت تیروئیدی هیپر

فعال و شده TSH=15متولدچیست؟ شما تصمیم دارد

• Newborn whose mother is receiving anantithyroid drug. T4 and TSH values return to normal

within 1 to 3 weeks

در دان سندرم به مبتال نوزادازمایش باید هائی زمان چهشود انجام ها این در تیروئید

اسکرین هفتگی دو ماهگی دو سالگی 12-6هر سه تا ماه

بزرگ همانژیم با نوزادزمان چه در شده متولد

ازمایش باید هائیانجام ها این در تیروئید

شود

است • تیروئید تست به نیاز ماهیانه سالگی یک تا

علت 18نوزادی به مناسب وزن افزایش با روزهشده داده ارجاع ذیل تیروئید تست با قراری بی

• T4==18ug/100• TSH=0/5• T3=250ng/ml

را • درمان هیپرتیروئیدی تشخیص با معالج پزشکچیست؟ شما نظر کرده شروع

T4==18ug/100TSH=0/5miu/lT3=250ng/ml

Follow-upCHD fourfold higher than controlHearing ScreeningKidney disease GI• The Journal of Pediatrics2008

Assessing 0f permanence of CH

At 3 Years Of Age Discontinue Treatment And Retest Serum T4/TSH After 4 Weeks especially

If the serum TSH value has not increased

Infant is normal

Almost 100% Of Children With True CH Have Elevated TSH Levels After 4 Weeks Off Of Treatment.

AAP2006

Assessing permanence of CH

Permanence of hypothyroidism is confirmed.

TSH> 10 mU/L

Assessing permanence of CH

• Serum TSH> 10 mU/L after the first year of life

• AAP1993

طور 12دختر • به که ای توده احساس علت به ای سالهشده مشاهده گردن قدامی قسمت در اتفاقی

. است کرده مراجعهمادر و مادر در را تیروئید کاری پر فامیلی حال شرح

. میدهد بزرگ. دارد طبیعی نسبتا وزن و قد اولیه معاینات در

عملکرد و قرینه غیر ، سفت نسبتا تیروئید ینه معا در. دارد طبیعی

؟ • کنید می ارسال آزمایشاتی چه؟ • کنید می تجویز را درمانی چهخواهد • عوارضی چه شدن وبزرگتر درمان عدم درصورت

؟ داشتصورت • چه ؟ FNAدر دارد الزمشود؟ • می انجام جراحی درمان صورت چه درایجاد • کشیده گواترطول دنبال به است ممکن عوارضی چه

شود؟؟ • است چگونه درمان مدت طول؟ • کنید می پیگیری را بیمار چگونه

59

Goiter

• Goiter = Chronic enlargement of the thyroid gland not due to neoplasm

Investigation of Goiter

• TFT• Thyroid Abs

61

Complications of Goitre

• Dysphagia• Dyspnea• Hoarseness• Malignancy 1-10%• Toxic goiter %30• micro or macronodularity

Without treatment

62

FNA

• Asymmetric goiter• prominent nodule• smaller nodule that enlarges during follow-

up

64

Complications

• Hyperthyroidism• Lymphoma• Malignancy

Levothyroxin

• Reduced TSH secretion

• Subside the effect of TSH on thyroid

TSH should be kept between 0.1-0.5 mu/l

67

Duration of Treatment

• It probably is best to continue treatment until growth and pubertal development are complete.

• Some children treated for several years have persistently normal thyroid function after T4 treatment is discontinued.

68

Follow up

• Thyroid function test 6 wk after initiation.

• Assessment for Growth and sexual development TSH measurement : • Every 4–6 mo in the growing child.

• yearly once final height has been attained.

به . 16دختر • او است کرده مراجعه سالیانه معاینه جهت ای سالهبزرگ . کمی تیروئید معاینه در ندارد مشکلی یبوست جز

است . : ذیل شرح به وی تیروئید تست است

•TSH = 7.5 mU/ ml (0.5-5) •Free T4 = 1.1 ng (0.8-1.8) • ؟ • است چگونه وی پیگیری و درمان

70

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Risk of conversion to HYPOthyroidism:

• If TSH raised and Antibodies raised ; 50%• If TSH raised and Ab negative ; 33%• If TSH normal and Ab positive ; 25%

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

• vigorous analysis indicates that subjects with TSH in the 4.5–10 mU/L range, no benefit was seen

• If there is a goiter or the TSH is >10 mU/L, treatment is indicate

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

If there is no goiter And TSH is <10 Repeated test is suggested in 6–12 months.• Repeating the tests within a month, as is often done,

usually results in A TSH similar to the initial one And provide no new information International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology2010

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

By waiting 6–12 months one allows time for Either normalization of TSH or progression to

OH. • It may be more helpful to measure thyroidantibodies with the second free T4 and TSH than

as a screening test.International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology2010

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

If ab are negative it would provide reassurance that is not AIT And decrease the need for subsequent testing• while strongly positive antibody levels would

signal the need for closer monitoring of thyroid tests.

Conclusions

• It is proposed that TSH be rechecked periodically for 2 years

longer if There is a goiterstrongly positive antibodiesInternational Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology2010

Conclusions

• If the TSH remains in the 5–10 mU/L • The child considered to have a stable mild TSH

elevation and not require repeat testing unless

A goiter appearsThere are new symptoms suggestive of OHInternational Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology2010

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Since a child with TSH 5–10 mU/L, no goiter, and negative antibodies is unlikely to progress to OH

it is difficult to justify treatment. Even though an occasional child in this group will develop symptomatic OH during follow-up

Subclinical Hypothyroidism

• when free T4 is normal but TSH is 10–15, progression to OH is more likely, particularly if there is evidence of AIT.

• Treating such patients seems reasonable, but periodic monitoring off therapy should also be an option

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