Transcript
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Learning Theories
Presented By:
Mansi Kothari PG12031
A Knowledge Management Presentation
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Learning Theories
Learning theories are conceptualframeworks that describe howinformation is absorbed, processed,
and retained during learning Behaviorism
Cognitivism
Humanism
Constructivism
Connectivism
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Behaviorism
Primary Focus Observable behaviour
Stimulus-response connections
Assumptions Learning is a result of environmental
forces
Major Theorists
Thorndike
Pavlov
Watson
Skinner 3
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Behaviorism
"behaviorism" was coined by JohnWatson
Learner starts off as a clean slate
Behavior is shaped through positive ornegative reinforcement
Positive indicates the application of astimulus
Negative indicates the withholding of astimulus
Ivan Pavlov experimented on dogs
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Conditioning
Two types:
Classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
the behavior becomes a reflex response
to stimulus
Operant conditioning
B. F. Skinner there is reinforcement of the behavior by a
reward or a punishment
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Cognitivism
Primary Focus Mental behaviour
Knowledge
Intelligence
Critical Thinking
Assumptions
Learning is a result of mentaloperations/processing
Major Theorists Bloom
Piaget
Gagne6
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Cognitivism
black box of the mind should beopened and understood
Learner is viewed as an information
processor (like a computer) Mental processes such as thinking,
memory, knowing, and problem-solving need to be explored
Mental processes are to recognize,recall, analyze, reflect, apply, create,understand, and evaluate
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Humanism
Primary Focus Values/Dignity
Self-Concept/Self-Esteem/Potential
Needs/Human freedom
Assumptions Learning is a result of emotions and goal-
orientation
People act with intentionality and values
Major Theorists Rogers
Maslow
N. V. Peale8
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Humanism
This is in contrast to behaviorist notion of operant conditioning
(which argues that all behavior is the result ofthe application of consequences)
cognitive psychologist belief (that thediscovering knowledge or constructingmeaning is central to learning)
Study the person as a whole, especially
as an individual grows and developsover the lifespan
Study of the self, motivation, and goalsare areas of particular interest
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Constructivism
Primary Focus Information construction
Active
Assumptions New information is linked to prior knowledge,
thus mental representations are subjective
Major Theorists
Maria Montessori Jean Piaget
George Kelly
David A. Kolb
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Constructivism
Contextualized process of constructingknowledge rather than acquiring it
Constructed based on personalexperiences and hypotheses of theenvironment
Testing through social negotiation
Each person has a different
interpretation and construction The learner is not in a blank, but brings
past experiences and cultural factors to asituation
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Connectivism
Primary Focus
Nodes and links
Assumptions
Person sees mental or behavioralphenomena as the emergent processes
of interconnected networks of simple units
Major Theorists Siemens
Downes
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Connectivism
Connectivism is a theory of learningwhich emphasizes the role of thesocial and cultural context opposed to
a more essentialist notion whichforegrounds the individual
Central to connectivism is therelationship between work experience,
learning and knowledge, as expressedin the concept of connectivity, thus theroot of the theory's name
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Principles of Connectivism
Learning and knowledge rests in diversity ofopinions
Learning is a process of connectingspecialized nodes or information sources
Learning may reside in non-humanappliances
Learning is more critical than knowing
Maintaining and nurturing connections is
needed to facilitate continual learning
Perceiving connections between fields, ideasand concepts is a core skill
Currency (accurate, up-to-date knowledge) isthe intent of learning activities 14
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Conclusion
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Bibliography
http://www.learning-theories.com/
http://www.ttuhsc.edu/sop/ctlt/compas
s/LearningTheories.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_theory_(education)
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Thank YouSubmitted By:Mansi Kothari
PG12031
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