Local Policy I Session Name: Local Policy I Coastal Hazards Management Course I. Introduction What Do We Mean By “Local Policy” General Police Power Session.
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Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
I. Introduction
• What Do We Mean By “Local Policy”
• General Police Power
Session Outline
Slide 35.1
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
II. Fundamental Powers of Local Governments
• Regulation
• Acquisition
• Taxation
• Spending
• Education
III. Planning
Session Outline
Slide 35.2
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
IV. Types of Land Use Regulations
• Zoning Ordinances
• Subdivision Ordinances
• Building Codes
• Flood Damage Prevention Ordinances
V. Acquisition and Management of Land
Session Outline
Slide 35.3
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
VI. Taxation and Fees
• Real Property
• Special Assessments
• Impact Fees
• Federal Internal Revenue Code
VII. Spending
Capital Improvement Programs and Budgets
Urban Service Boundaries
Public Investment for Growth Management
Government Buildings and Facilities
Session Outline
Slide 35.4
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
VIII. Education
• The Need for Hazard Awareness
• Real Estate Disclosure
• Community Awareness Programs
• Hazard Maps
• Disaster Warning
IX. “Living with the Shore”
Session Outline
Slide 35.5
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
• Local governments enact and enforce regulations that protect the public
• Health
• Safety
• General Welfare
• Local government power is derivative (Delegated by the State)
General Police Power
Slide 35.6
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
• Regulation
• Acquisition
• Taxation
• Spending
• Education
Fundamental Powers of Local Government
Slide 35.7
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
Types of Local Plans
Slide 35.8
• Comprehensive Plan
• Land Use Plan
• Floodplain Management Plans
• Stormwater Management Plans
• Emergency Response Plans
• Open Space and Recreational Plans
• Capital Improvement Plans
• Area Plans
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
Divides the community into districts (zones)
• Zoning Ordinance Consists of:
• Zoning Map
• Text
Zoning
Slide 35.9
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
Zone District Map
Slide 35.10
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
Zoning ordinance defines types of use allowed in each district
• Residential
• Multi-Family
• Single Family
• Commercial
• Industrial
• Public
• Schools
• Government
• Utilities
•Semi-Public
• Churches
Types of Use
Slide 35.11
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
Zoning ordinance dictates specifications for use.
• Lot size
• Building height
• Set backs
• Parking spaces
• Density
Zoning District Requirements
Slide 35.12
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
Strengths:
• Affects Characteristics of Future Development
• Designate Hazard Areas for Low-Intensity Uses
• Designate Safer Areas for Higher-Intensity Uses
• Conserve Natural Areas
Zoning for Hazard Mitigation
Slide 35.13
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
Strengths:
• Lower Densities in Hazard Area
• Safeguard local tax base
• Population matches shelter capacity
• Decrease Evacuation Times
• Ease development pressures (easier to acquire)
• Prevent large structures from being built in high-hazard zones
• Prohibit Hazardous Materials in Floodplains
Zoning for Hazard Mitigation
Slide 35.14
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
Weaknesses:
• Ineffective for protecting existing development in hazard areas
• Zoning is effective only if hazard maps are accurate
• Zoning is subject to legal and political challenges
• Lower density may mean lower tax revenues
• Lower density may increase cost of public services
• Zoning may change with political change
• Zoning must be strictly enforced to be effective
Zoning for Hazard Mitigation
Slide 35.15
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
• Control the division of land into parcels for development or sale
• Set construction and location standards within subdivisions
Subdivision Regulations
Slide 35.16
Local Policy I
Typical Subdivision
Slide 35.17Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
Source: Julie Stein
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
• Lot siting
• Stormwater management
• Sediment control
• Amount of impervious surfaces
• Open spaces
• Emergency access
• Hydrological/geologic/engineering studies
• Street Design
• Infrastructure Design
Provisions of Subdivision Regulations:
Slide 35.18
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
• Streets
• Sidewalks
• Drainage control
• Dedication of Land
• Impact Fees
Subdivision Regulations Require Project Improvements:
Slide 35.19
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
Building Codes
Slide 35.20
Laws that set standards and requirements for building construction:
• Structural integrity
• Design
• Construction materials and methods
State or local adoption
Uniform codes v. local codes
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
• Fire resistance
• Seismic safety
• Floodproofing
• High-wind resilience
Building Codes can address hazard elements:
Slide 35.21
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
• Must be strict, especially following disaster
• Inspection and enforcement often a local responsibility
• Post-storm moratoria allow proper damage assessment
Building Code Enforcement
Slide 35.22
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
• Prohibit or establish conditions for development in high risk areas
• Often prepared pursuant to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
• Regulations often pertain only to areas shown on Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)
Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance
Slide 35.23
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
• Floodway must be free of obstructions
• All development in 100 year floodplain must obtain a permit
• New residential buildings must be elevated or floodproofed
• Nonresidential structures must be elevated above 100 year flood
• Post-storm reconstruction must meet current regulations
Minimum NFIP Flood Prevention Ordinance Standards
Slide 35.24
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
• Removes property from the development stream
• Homeowners and business owners are relocated out of harm’s way
• Land remains open space/recreation/greenway in perpetuity
• Less expensive in the long run than repeated reconstruction
Acquisition of Hazard-Prone Property
Slide 35.25
Local Policy I
Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course
• Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP)
• Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program (PDM)
• Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (FMA)
• Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG)
Federal Funding Programs for Acquisition and Relocation
Slide 35.26
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