Local Policy I Session Name: Local Policy I Coastal Hazards Management Course I. Introduction What Do We Mean By “Local Policy” General Police Power Session.

Local Policy I

Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course

I. Introduction

• What Do We Mean By “Local Policy”

• General Police Power

Session Outline

Slide 35.1

Local Policy I


II. Fundamental Powers of Local Governments

• Regulation

• Acquisition

• Taxation

• Spending

• Education

III. Planning

Session Outline

Slide 35.2

Local Policy I


IV. Types of Land Use Regulations

• Zoning Ordinances

• Subdivision Ordinances

• Building Codes

• Flood Damage Prevention Ordinances

V. Acquisition and Management of Land

Session Outline

Slide 35.3

Local Policy I


VI. Taxation and Fees

• Real Property

• Special Assessments

• Impact Fees

• Federal Internal Revenue Code

VII. Spending

Capital Improvement Programs and Budgets

Urban Service Boundaries

Public Investment for Growth Management

Government Buildings and Facilities

Session Outline

Slide 35.4

Local Policy I


VIII. Education

• The Need for Hazard Awareness

• Real Estate Disclosure

• Community Awareness Programs

• Hazard Maps

• Disaster Warning

IX. “Living with the Shore”

Session Outline

Slide 35.5

Local Policy I


• Local governments enact and enforce regulations that protect the public

• Health

• Safety

• General Welfare

• Local government power is derivative (Delegated by the State)

General Police Power

Slide 35.6

Local Policy I


• Regulation

• Acquisition

• Taxation

• Spending

• Education

Fundamental Powers of Local Government

Slide 35.7

Local Policy I


Types of Local Plans

Slide 35.8

• Comprehensive Plan

• Land Use Plan

• Floodplain Management Plans

• Stormwater Management Plans

• Emergency Response Plans

• Open Space and Recreational Plans

• Capital Improvement Plans

• Area Plans

Local Policy I


Divides the community into districts (zones)

• Zoning Ordinance Consists of:

• Zoning Map

• Text

Zoning

Slide 35.9

Local Policy I


Zone District Map

Slide 35.10

Local Policy I


Zoning ordinance defines types of use allowed in each district

• Residential

• Multi-Family

• Single Family

• Commercial

• Industrial

• Public

• Schools

• Government

• Utilities

•Semi-Public

• Churches

Types of Use

Slide 35.11

Local Policy I


Zoning ordinance dictates specifications for use.

• Lot size

• Building height

• Set backs

• Parking spaces

• Density

Zoning District Requirements

Slide 35.12

Local Policy I


Strengths:

• Affects Characteristics of Future Development

• Designate Hazard Areas for Low-Intensity Uses

• Designate Safer Areas for Higher-Intensity Uses

• Conserve Natural Areas

Zoning for Hazard Mitigation

Slide 35.13

Local Policy I


Strengths:

• Lower Densities in Hazard Area

• Safeguard local tax base

• Population matches shelter capacity

• Decrease Evacuation Times

• Ease development pressures (easier to acquire)

• Prevent large structures from being built in high-hazard zones

• Prohibit Hazardous Materials in Floodplains


Slide 35.14

Local Policy I


Weaknesses:

• Ineffective for protecting existing development in hazard areas

• Zoning is effective only if hazard maps are accurate

• Zoning is subject to legal and political challenges

• Lower density may mean lower tax revenues

• Lower density may increase cost of public services

• Zoning may change with political change

• Zoning must be strictly enforced to be effective


Slide 35.15

Local Policy I


• Control the division of land into parcels for development or sale

• Set construction and location standards within subdivisions

Subdivision Regulations

Slide 35.16

Local Policy I

Typical Subdivision

Slide 35.17Session Name: Local Policy ICoastal Hazards Management Course

Source: Julie Stein

Local Policy I


• Lot siting

• Stormwater management

• Sediment control

• Amount of impervious surfaces

• Open spaces

• Emergency access

• Hydrological/geologic/engineering studies

• Street Design

• Infrastructure Design

Provisions of Subdivision Regulations:

Slide 35.18

Local Policy I


• Streets

• Sidewalks

• Drainage control

• Dedication of Land

• Impact Fees

Subdivision Regulations Require Project Improvements:

Slide 35.19

Local Policy I


Building Codes

Slide 35.20

Laws that set standards and requirements for building construction:

• Structural integrity

• Design

• Construction materials and methods

State or local adoption

Uniform codes v. local codes

Local Policy I


• Fire resistance

• Seismic safety

• Floodproofing

• High-wind resilience

Building Codes can address hazard elements:

Slide 35.21

Local Policy I


• Must be strict, especially following disaster

• Inspection and enforcement often a local responsibility

• Post-storm moratoria allow proper damage assessment

Building Code Enforcement

Slide 35.22

Local Policy I


• Prohibit or establish conditions for development in high risk areas

• Often prepared pursuant to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)

• Regulations often pertain only to areas shown on Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)

Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance

Slide 35.23

Local Policy I


• Floodway must be free of obstructions

• All development in 100 year floodplain must obtain a permit

• New residential buildings must be elevated or floodproofed

• Nonresidential structures must be elevated above 100 year flood

• Post-storm reconstruction must meet current regulations

Minimum NFIP Flood Prevention Ordinance Standards

Slide 35.24

Local Policy I


• Removes property from the development stream

• Homeowners and business owners are relocated out of harm’s way

• Land remains open space/recreation/greenway in perpetuity

• Less expensive in the long run than repeated reconstruction

Acquisition of Hazard-Prone Property

Slide 35.25

Local Policy I


• Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP)

• Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program (PDM)

• Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (FMA)

• Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG)

Federal Funding Programs for Acquisition and Relocation

Slide 35.26

Local Policy I Session Name: Local Policy I Coastal Hazards Management Course I. Introduction What Do We Mean By “Local Policy” General Police Power Session.

Documents

planning session outline

shore session outline

hazard mitigation slide

typical subdivision

zoning map text zoning

julie stein slide

local tax base population

hazard areas zoning