Literature Review Lecture 3 Asst.Prof. Supakorn Kungpisdan, Ph.D. supakorn@mut.ac.th.

Literature ReviewLiterature ReviewLecture 3Lecture 3

Asst.Prof. Supakorn Kungpisdan, Ph.D.Asst.Prof. Supakorn Kungpisdan, Ph.D.supakorn@mut.ac.thsupakorn@mut.ac.th

Places of Literature Places of Literature ReviewReview

Bring clarity and focus to your research Bring clarity and focus to your research problem problem

Improve your method Improve your method

Broaden your knowledge base in your research Broaden your knowledge base in your research areaarea

Help identifying trends Help identifying trends

Contextualize your findings Contextualize your findings

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Conceptual Framework and Conceptual Framework and Related WorksRelated Works

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Traditional SourcesTraditional Sources

BooksBooks

JournalsJournals

Conference papersConference papers

Technical ReportsTechnical Reports

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Online SourcesOnline Sources

Most publishers are making Most publishers are making their products accessible their products accessible online (subject to online (subject to subscription)subscription)Reference databases are Reference databases are also available onlinealso available onlineSome scientific Some scientific associations give online associations give online access to their publications access to their publications for subscribers / membersfor subscribers / membersThere is a trend in There is a trend in Universities to subscribe Universities to subscribe packages guaranteeing packages guaranteeing access to contents from access to contents from multiple publishers.multiple publishers.

ScienceDirectScienceDirect

SpringerSpringer

IEEE XploreIEEE Xplore

Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

ACMACM

……

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Online Sources (cont.)Online Sources (cont.)

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http://www.springerlink.com/

Online Sources (cont.)Online Sources (cont.)

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/

Online Sources (cont.)Online Sources (cont.)

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http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/

Online Sources (cont.)Online Sources (cont.)

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http://scholar.google.com/

Benefits of Online Benefits of Online SourcesSources

Many authors make their papers available Many authors make their papers available through their web sites (found by Scholar through their web sites (found by Scholar Google)Google)

As having publications on-line increases the As having publications on-line increases the chance of being cited, many universities are chance of being cited, many universities are promoting mechanisms to have the promoting mechanisms to have the publications of their members onlinepublications of their members online

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The Issue of ReliabilityThe Issue of Reliability

When making a literature survey ... ... pay special When making a literature survey ... ... pay special attention to the reliability of the sourcesattention to the reliability of the sources

Is it coming from a prestigious journal?Is it coming from a prestigious journal?

Was it presented in a serious peer-reviewed Was it presented in a serious peer-reviewed conference?conference?

Are there other related references? Is it from a Are there other related references? Is it from a recognized group?recognized group?

Use Wikipedia with caution ... A good start to give a Use Wikipedia with caution ... A good start to give a general idea ... But then seek more reliable and general idea ... But then seek more reliable and identified sourcesidentified sources

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ReferencesReferences

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The Issue of The Issue of CompletenessCompleteness

You cannot guarantee that you checked You cannot guarantee that you checked ALL relevant papers ... But it is very bad if ALL relevant papers ... But it is very bad if you miss some major reference !you miss some major reference !

What to do (besides making exhaustive search):What to do (besides making exhaustive search):Get some (initial) help from your supervisor (but Get some (initial) help from your supervisor (but remember, it is your responsibility !)remember, it is your responsibility !)

Identify most relevant sources (journals, conferences) Identify most relevant sources (journals, conferences) in your area and check them more carefullyin your area and check them more carefully

““Follow the references” ... i.e. Follow common Follow the references” ... i.e. Follow common references indicated by several of the papers you references indicated by several of the papers you checkedchecked

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10 Steps in Literature 10 Steps in Literature ReviewReview

1.1. Identify a set of keywords (try also synonyms) to search via Identify a set of keywords (try also synonyms) to search via Google or specialized database.Google or specialized database.

2.2. If you are not yet very familiar with the subject, try to identify If you are not yet very familiar with the subject, try to identify first surveys / overviews (or even books) that give a general first surveys / overviews (or even books) that give a general overview of the topic. Then turn to journal articles and then to overview of the topic. Then turn to journal articles and then to conference papers.conference papers.

3.3. Try to select a set of 40–50 articles in order to help you get a Try to select a set of 40–50 articles in order to help you get a first view of the topic.first view of the topic.

4.4. Do a “fast reading” (without spending time with details) of Do a “fast reading” (without spending time with details) of these articles, just trying to filter what seems useful for your these articles, just trying to filter what seems useful for your work or to give you a first global “picture”.work or to give you a first global “picture”.

5.5. Based on the useful literature, start elaborating a literature Based on the useful literature, start elaborating a literature map, which gives you a visual picture of groupings of literature map, which gives you a visual picture of groupings of literature per sub- topic.per sub- topic.

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Example of Literature Example of Literature MapMap

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10 Steps in Literature Review 10 Steps in Literature Review (cont.)(cont.)

6.6. While organizing the map, prepare short summaries of the key While organizing the map, prepare short summaries of the key ideas conveyed by each relevant article.ideas conveyed by each relevant article.• ... Use Post-It ... Use Post-It • ... Or Add annotations on the margins of the paper ... Or Add annotations on the margins of the paper • ... Or use some electronic means (in this case you can also... Or use some electronic means (in this case you can also• start to organize a references database, e.g. Using Endnote).start to organize a references database, e.g. Using Endnote).

7.7. Use the most relevant articles to find other relevant literature Use the most relevant articles to find other relevant literature (following the references included in those articles). Try to identify (following the references included in those articles). Try to identify relevant groups of researchers / authors (“schools of thought”).relevant groups of researchers / authors (“schools of thought”).

8.8. Digest all collected ideas, concepts, findings (read the most Digest all collected ideas, concepts, findings (read the most relevant articles again, now in detail); try to organize and criticize relevant articles again, now in detail); try to organize and criticize them. For specific topics consult research reports, thesis, etc.them. For specific topics consult research reports, thesis, etc.

9.9. Try to relate your work to the existing literature. Try to relate your work to the existing literature. 10.10. Plan a structure for the literature review synthesis; think of original Plan a structure for the literature review synthesis; think of original

ways of summarizing the ideas (what can be your added-value).ways of summarizing the ideas (what can be your added-value).

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Mind Mapping ToolsMind Mapping Tools

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Comprehensive Literature Comprehensive Literature ReviewReview

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Literature Review & Research Literature Review & Research EvaluationEvaluation

Do your findings confirm those of others?Do your findings confirm those of others?

Does your work extend that of others?Does your work extend that of others?

Does your work provide new meaning to the work Does your work provide new meaning to the work of others?of others?

Does your work break new ground?Does your work break new ground?

Does your work raise issues about the Does your work raise issues about the methodological choices made in previous studies?methodological choices made in previous studies?

Does your work challenge existing ideas on your Does your work challenge existing ideas on your subject?subject?

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What a synthesis is notWhat a synthesis is not

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ExampleExample

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Examples (cont.)Examples (cont.)

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Examples (cont.)Examples (cont.)

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Where to include it? – case of Where to include it? – case of paperspapers

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Where to include it? – case of Where to include it? – case of ThesisThesis

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Questions?Questions?Supakorn@mut.ac.thSupakorn@mut.ac.th

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