Transcript
LIPID METABOLISMLIPID METABOLISM
LIPID METABOLISM
Free fatty acids
Monoglycerides
Fatty Acid Metabolism
Fatty Acids
LIPIDS
Acetyl - CoAAcetyl - CoA
TCAC
Lipoproteins
CholesterolCholesterol
Bile saltsBile salts
Ketone bodiesKetone bodies
Steroid hormonesSteroid hormones
NADH
LIPID METABOLISM
Synthesis of fatty acids
Ketogenic amino acids
Excess dietary carbohydrates
Exported as VLDL
Converts fatty acids to ketone bodies during fasting.
Synthesis of cholesterol derivatives.
METABOLISM
STAGE 3
Production of ATP
STAGE 2
Conversion of subunits to Acetyl CoA
STAGE 1
Hydrolysis of macromolecules
to subunits
FOOD
GLYCOLYSIS
PYRUVATE
ACETYL CoA
CITRIC ACID
CYCLE
CARBOHYDRATES
MONOSACCHARIDES
PROTEINS
AMINO ACIDS
FATS
FATTY ACIDS + GLYCEROL
FATTY ACID DEGRADATION
– Oxidation
Breakdown of fatty acids to acetyl CoA
REACTIONS
Activation
Oxidation
Hydration
Oxidation
Cleavage
OHCH3 C
O
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2
CoACH3 C
O
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2
CoACH3 C
O
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH CH2
OH
CoACH3 C
O
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH CH2
O
CH2CoAC
O
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH
O
CoA
CoACH3 C
O
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2
NADH
FADH
2
2 ATP
SUMMARY OF ENERGY YIELD
PROCESSATP
USEDENERGY
YIELDATP
EQUIVALENT
ACTIVATION2
OXIDATION FADH2 2 ATPs
OXIDATION NADH 3 ATPs
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
Acetyl CoA 12 ATPs
SUMMARY OF ENERGY YIELD
PROCESSATP
USEDENERGY
YIELDATP
EQUIVALENT
ACTIVATION2
OXIDATION 5 FADH2 10 ATPs
OXIDATION 5 NADH 15 ATPs
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
6 Acetyl CoA 72 ATPs
TOTAL 95 ATPs
EXERCISE
Compute for the energy yield of the complete oxidation of
palmitic acid (16 carbon)
stearic acid (18 carbon)
PALMITIC ACID
PROCESSATP
USEDENERGY
YIELDATP
EQUIVALENT
ACTIVATION2
OXIDATION 7 FADH2 14 ATPs
OXIDATION 7 NADH 21 ATPs
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
8 Acetyl CoA 96 ATPs
TOTAL 129 ATPs
STEARIC ACID
PROCESSATP
USEDENERGY
YIELDATP
EQUIVALENT
ACTIVATION2
OXIDATION 8 FADH2 16 ATPs
OXIDATION 8 NADH 24 ATPs
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
9 Acetyl CoA 108 ATPs
TOTAL 146 ATPs
KETOGENESIS
Production of ketone bodies from acetyl CoA
–hydroxybutyrate
acetone
acetoacetate
METABOLISM
Energy
Metabolism
Amino acids
Carbohydrates Lipids
CELLULAR FUNCTION
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