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LIPID METABOLISM
14

LIPID METABOLISM

Nov 13, 2014

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Page 1: LIPID METABOLISM

LIPID METABOLISMLIPID METABOLISM

Page 2: LIPID METABOLISM

LIPID METABOLISM

Free fatty acids

Monoglycerides

Page 3: LIPID METABOLISM

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Fatty Acids

LIPIDS

Acetyl - CoAAcetyl - CoA

TCAC

Lipoproteins

CholesterolCholesterol

Bile saltsBile salts

Ketone bodiesKetone bodies

Steroid hormonesSteroid hormones

NADH

Page 4: LIPID METABOLISM

LIPID METABOLISM

Synthesis of fatty acids

Ketogenic amino acids

Excess dietary carbohydrates

Exported as VLDL

Converts fatty acids to ketone bodies during fasting.

Synthesis of cholesterol derivatives.

Page 5: LIPID METABOLISM

METABOLISM

STAGE 3

Production of ATP

STAGE 2

Conversion of subunits to Acetyl CoA

STAGE 1

Hydrolysis of macromolecules

to subunits

FOOD

GLYCOLYSIS

PYRUVATE

ACETYL CoA

CITRIC ACID

CYCLE

CARBOHYDRATES

MONOSACCHARIDES

PROTEINS

AMINO ACIDS

FATS

FATTY ACIDS + GLYCEROL

Page 6: LIPID METABOLISM

FATTY ACID DEGRADATION

– Oxidation

Breakdown of fatty acids to acetyl CoA

REACTIONS

Activation

Oxidation

Hydration

Oxidation

Cleavage

Page 7: LIPID METABOLISM

OHCH3 C

O

CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2

CoACH3 C

O

CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2

CoACH3 C

O

CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH CH2

OH

CoACH3 C

O

CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH CH2

O

CH2CoAC

O

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH

O

CoA

CoACH3 C

O

CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2

NADH

FADH

2

2 ATP

Page 8: LIPID METABOLISM

SUMMARY OF ENERGY YIELD

PROCESSATP

USEDENERGY

YIELDATP

EQUIVALENT

ACTIVATION2

OXIDATION FADH2 2 ATPs

OXIDATION NADH 3 ATPs

CITRIC ACID CYCLE

Acetyl CoA 12 ATPs

Page 9: LIPID METABOLISM

SUMMARY OF ENERGY YIELD

PROCESSATP

USEDENERGY

YIELDATP

EQUIVALENT

ACTIVATION2

OXIDATION 5 FADH2 10 ATPs

OXIDATION 5 NADH 15 ATPs

CITRIC ACID CYCLE

6 Acetyl CoA 72 ATPs

TOTAL 95 ATPs

Page 10: LIPID METABOLISM

EXERCISE

Compute for the energy yield of the complete oxidation of

palmitic acid (16 carbon)

stearic acid (18 carbon)

Page 11: LIPID METABOLISM

PALMITIC ACID

PROCESSATP

USEDENERGY

YIELDATP

EQUIVALENT

ACTIVATION2

OXIDATION 7 FADH2 14 ATPs

OXIDATION 7 NADH 21 ATPs

CITRIC ACID CYCLE

8 Acetyl CoA 96 ATPs

TOTAL 129 ATPs

Page 12: LIPID METABOLISM

STEARIC ACID

PROCESSATP

USEDENERGY

YIELDATP

EQUIVALENT

ACTIVATION2

OXIDATION 8 FADH2 16 ATPs

OXIDATION 8 NADH 24 ATPs

CITRIC ACID CYCLE

9 Acetyl CoA 108 ATPs

TOTAL 146 ATPs

Page 13: LIPID METABOLISM

KETOGENESIS

Production of ketone bodies from acetyl CoA

–hydroxybutyrate

acetone

acetoacetate

Page 14: LIPID METABOLISM

METABOLISM

Energy

Metabolism

Amino acids

Carbohydrates Lipids

CELLULAR FUNCTION