Limits of a Liberal Democracy
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Limits of a Liberal DemocracySachin Nandha Ph.D
Sachin Nandha Ph.D
Ph.D Philosophy of MindMerton College, Oxford
Kings College London & Princeton University
Sachin Nandha Ph.D
Democracy“a democracy would be fully
participatory and would aim for the common good in order to achieve
excellence.”Aristotle
“Let every soul be subject to the higher powers, for there is no power but of God. The powers that
be are ordained by God. Whoever therefore resisted the powers has resisted the ordnance of
God, and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation.”
Bible, Romans 13 verse 1 & 2
Sachin Nandha Ph.D
Democracy
Power of the People
Liberal
“freedom”
consent of the governedright to life, liberty & property
welfare state, religious toleration, free market economies, globalisation
Sachin Nandha Ph.D
Democracy
Power of the People
DirectRepresentative
Sachin Nandha Ph.D
Representative Democracy
What is it?
Political pluralityFree & Fair elections
Quasi Oligarchy
Elected members
Political parties
Financial Institutions
Interest groups
Sachin Nandha Ph.D
People
Electorate
Religious InstitutionsP r i v a t e b u s i n e s s
Special Interest groups
Financial Institution
s
Govern
ment
Bank of EnglandAcademia
Monarchy
NGOsy
Elected members & Political parties
Sachin Nandha Ph.D
Liberal Democracy
Anglo Judo-Christian Capitalist Representative Liberal Democracy
Sachin Nandha Ph.D
Limits of a Liberal Democracy
Rhetoric of the age
Mild thought control
Vilification of dissenters
Best alternative
Polarisation of debate
Sachin Nandha Ph.D
Limits of a Liberal Democracy
Bourgeoisie State
Financial Institutions
Private Business
Citizen to Consumer
Docile public
Sachin Nandha Ph.D
Limits of a Liberal Democracy
Media & Special interest State
Media corporations
Personality orientated
Distortion of policy
Suppression of non mainstream views
Walter Lippmann
Sachin Nandha Ph.D
Limits of a Liberal Democracy
Subservient State
Free Market
Capital
Telos “narrow interests”
Sachin Nandha Ph.D
A Liberal Democracy
?Citizens
Direct participatio
n
Nation State ?
Public control on Financial Institutions
Free Media
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